Father’s military career (2):
Joined the Communist Party and embarked on the revolutionary road
Text. Yang Chuanhe
(Yang Xiaoting was in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in January 1956)
1. Joined the Communist Party and embarked on the revolutionary road
Never grew up in poverty. The old man is naive without any blow.
1. My father’s family
In the spring of 1933, there was a severe drought in Shexian County, Hebei Province. The local area is a deep mountainous area with few and barren fields. The original harvest was small. Coupled with the severe drought, the harvest was even less. The villagers had nothing to eat, and some people fled to Shanxi.
Grandpa Yang Jinpeng’s family really had nothing to eat. They had been without food for several days and could no longer survive by digging wild vegetables and eating tree bark. So he and his grandma had to take my 9-year-old father and 4-year-old aunt and a family of four from their hometown. He fled to Shanxi from Pianliang Village in Shecheng Town (formerly Zhongyuan Township). They crossed the Qingzhang River , climbed over two mountains, and walked more than 160 miles. I was thirsty and hungry on the way, so I happened to pass by a ramen restaurant and wanted to drink hot noodle soup, but the boss said: "You can't drink soup if you don't eat noodles." The family had to eat wild vegetable dumplings to satisfy their hunger, and slept outdoors at the foot of the mountain at night. Finally arrived at Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town (formerly Dongyadi Township), Licheng County, Shanxi Province. There are many mountains in the area and the population is relatively small. My grandfather works as a long-term laborer for the landlord, and my father herds sheep for the landlord. They live in a dilapidated cave dwelling where the landlord's parents and other workers live. Life has finally settled down, and there is a little hope of survival.
Before liberation, Grandpa Yang Jinpeng’s family consisted of seven people. They had 3 acres of mountainous land and no housing. They rented a cave dwelling from the landlord. After liberation, we were allocated 12 acres of mountain land and five houses. The best house in the village was allocated to the old landlord. During the land reform, my father was serving as a member of the People's Liberation Army fighting in other places. It was very honorable, and the village gave his family the best house in the village. My grandfather passed away in 1953 and my grandmother passed away in 1956.
Father Yang Xiaoting, five brothers and sisters, all lived a happy life after liberation. Father is the boss. My eldest aunt Yang Lixin participated in the Women's Committee during the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation. In 1956, she officially participated in revolutionary work. In 1958, she was appointed as the director of the Women's Committee of Suobao Commune in Shexian County. In 1960, she was appointed as the deputy director of Piandian Commune in Shexian County. In 1975, he served as deputy director of the Shexian County Family Planning Office until his retirement in 1989. He died in 2021 at the age of 93. The second uncle, Yang Xueting (deceased), worked at the Fertilizer Factory in Licheng County, Shanxi Province after liberation. The third uncle, Yang Wanting (deceased), joined the People's Liberation Army in the 1960s and transferred to work at the Ferroalloy Factory in Licheng County, Shanxi Province. My little aunt is in Zhaogu Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province.
Grandpa has three boys, two girls, and five children. The father has three children, two boys and one girl. The eldest aunt has two daughters. The second uncle has three boys, three girls and six children. The third uncle has one boy, two girls, and three children.
My aunt has two boys, two girls, and four children. In our generation, there are eight boys, ten girls, and 18 children, distributed in Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Beijing City and other places. Under the glorious banner of the Communist Party, this generation has lived a happy life.
2. Father’s childhood
Father (Yang Xiaoting, May 9, 1924 to March 7, 1991, the twenty-first day of the first lunar month, aged 68) was born in Xiapianliang Village (Yangjiazhuang), Shecheng Town, Shexian County, Hebei Province. Hunger was a constant companion throughout his childhood. Every spring when there is a shortage of crops, the family will run out of food. With no food to eat, they could only survive the famine by eating wild vegetables, grass roots, and tree bark. My father was born in an era of war and chaos, and the material conditions in the countryside were even more difficult. He was poor and wanted only food and clothing. Being able to have three meals a day was a very lucky and amazing thing!
Since my father was 7 years old, every spring, when the family really had no choice, they would ask him to beg for food to help the family suffer from food shortages.My father took his dog-beating stick and his rice bowl and walked around the streets and alleys of the village and neighboring villages, begging along the streets. "Uncle, uncle, aunt, aunt, please do me a favor and give me something to eat." This is what my father often said. ; Kind-hearted people gave me some food, and some kind-hearted people showed sympathy because their families could not afford more food. Sometimes they would also encounter someone’s dog running out and saying “woof, woof, woof, woof.” It barks and bites, and won't let you in. In my father's memory, he suffered humiliation and suffering since he was a child.
In 1933, when my father was 9 years old, he fled with his grandfather to Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province (formerly Dongyadi Township), herding sheep for the landlord Cheng Fuhai's family, and became a "little sheepherder". Forty or fifty sheep are herded every day. Accommodation and food at the landlord's house solved the problem of food and accommodation. While herding sheep during the day, she also had to go to the hillside to cut grass, bundle it and carry it back to prepare enough winter fodder for the sheep.
Sheep like to eat grass in a new place every day and eat fresh grass. Shuiyao Village is a deep mountainous area. Crops are planted on the relatively good slopes. We must not let the sheep ruin it. The place where the sheep can be grazed is far away, and the mountain is steeper, more dangerous, and difficult to find. Because my father was young, he had to worry about herding such a group of sheep every day and lived in fear.
One time, a sheep was disobedient and ran away. My father picked up a small stone and hit it, causing the sheep's head to bleed. My father was very scared and quickly dealt with it. However, the landowner found out and punished him by depriving him of food for a day.
Another time, a sheep accidentally rolled down the mountain while going up the mountain. The sheep's leg was broken. The father was so frightened that he hid in the mountain and did not dare to go home. Grandpa brought him back, and the landlord punished him by not allowing him to eat for two days, and also fined him two months' wages.
At the age of 12, my father began to herd cattle for the landlord. My father worked at the landlord's house tending sheep and cattle and suffered a lot. I sleep in the middle of the night from the fifth watch , especially in the cold winter, when I don’t wear warm clothes and sleep on a cool bed, I often wake up in the middle of the night from the cold. The long night awaits dawn, the sun always rises in the darkest hour.
3. Devoted to the Party
When my father was born, it was an era of war and chaos, and the people were in dire straits. When I became a little sensible, the Japanese invaders entered the edge of the Taihang Mountains, burning, killing, looting and committing all kinds of evil. The village where my father lived was deeply affected. In 1940, when my father was 16 years old, a large number of troops including the Eighth Route Army Headquarters and the 129th Division Headquarters were stationed in the Taihang Mountains near our village at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei.
Since our home (Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province) is only five miles away from the Eighth Route Army Huangyadong Arsenal, my father was influenced by communist ideas in his early days. When my father worked as a long-term laborer for the landlord, there was a worker named Yang Jinshui who was a few years older than his father. He often took care of him in his daily life and helped him while working. Because my father was young and could not do many farm work and things well, I felt very kind to have such a kind-hearted brother. His father regarded him as his good friend and confidant.
Yang Jinshui taught his father many revolutionary principles. We long-term workers work all day long and create wealth. We should be fed, clothed, and housed, not what we are now. It is the landlords who have exploited our wages. The landlords have become rich, but we have neither enough food nor clothing to keep warm. Only by following the Communist Party in making revolution, overthrowing the landlords, and providing land to the tillers can we achieve the small goal of having enough food and clothing, and then strive to achieve the big goal of communism and liberate all mankind.
My father didn’t understand many things, but he understood one sentence: Communism is good, the Communist Party is good, and if you follow the Communist Party to make revolution, you can have enough to eat. From then on, he strengthened his position and direction of always following the party and making revolution.
Workers such as Yang Xianbin and Yang Jinshui often held meetings during their evening breaks to talk about revolutionary principles and promote revolutionary ideas. Yang Jinshui and his father used the cover of night to deliver supplies to the Eighth Route Army Huangyadong Arsenal many times. Yang Jinshui also often asked his father to deliver information and lead the way, and his father completed the tasks brilliantly.
One day, Yang Jinshui asked his father: "Are you willing to join the Communist Party of China?" His father asked: "Why should you join the Communist Party of China?" "If you join the Communist Party of China, you will always follow the party. If you make revolution, you can fill your stomach and live a good life." "My father said: "As long as I can have enough food and live a good life, I will always follow the party. I am willing to join the Communist Party of China."
On April 14, 1944, Yang Xianbin (Communist Party member, Shuiyao Village Chief), Yang Jinshui (a member of the Communist Party and leader of the Shuiyao Village Soldiers Team) was introduced as a candidate member of the Communist Party of China, with a waiting period of three months. On July 14, 1944, he became a regular member of the Communist Party of China. After
joined the Communist Party of China, his father felt the honor and responsibility. He secretly made up his mind to always follow the Party, listen to the Party, do whatever the Party tells him to do, and be a good Party member.
Shuiyao Village is an old liberated area. In 1945, a village committee was established to elect a democratic village chief. Yang Xianbin was elected as the democratic village chief. A militia team was established in Shuiyao Village, with Yang Jinshui as the captain. My father also joined the militia, and the village had its own organization. Full of yearning for a better life and full of confidence in communism.
In the spring of 1945, there was no harvest, and the people had little food to eat. Mayor Yang Xianbin and Captain Yang Jinshui of Shuiyao Village mobilized the masses to carry out the "rent reduction and interest reduction" campaign to help poor people tide over the difficulties. He led mass organizations to fight against the enemy, and his father actively participated in it. He led the long-term workers in Shuiyao Village to fight against landlords, improved the long-term workers' food, and distributed food to tide over the famine. Thanks to the support of the Eighth Route Army and local militia, the activities went smoothly. The common people were given some food, and the food of the long-term workers was also improved. Since there is a militia organization in the village, and my father is also a member of the organization, he has a certain say in the village. Text. Yang Chuanhe (Yang Xiaoting was in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in January 1956) 1. Joined the Communist Party and embarked on the revolutionary road Never grew up in poverty. The old man is naive without any blow. 1. My father’s family In the spring of 1933, there was a severe drought in Shexian County, Hebei Province. The local area is a deep mountainous area with few and barren fields. The original harvest was small. Coupled with the severe drought, the harvest was even less. The villagers had nothing to eat, and some people fled to Shanxi. Grandpa Yang Jinpeng’s family really had nothing to eat. They had been without food for several days and could no longer survive by digging wild vegetables and eating tree bark. So he and his grandma had to take my 9-year-old father and 4-year-old aunt and a family of four from their hometown. He fled to Shanxi from Pianliang Village in Shecheng Town (formerly Zhongyuan Township). They crossed the Qingzhang River , climbed over two mountains, and walked more than 160 miles. I was thirsty and hungry on the way, so I happened to pass by a ramen restaurant and wanted to drink hot noodle soup, but the boss said: "You can't drink soup if you don't eat noodles." The family had to eat wild vegetable dumplings to satisfy their hunger, and slept outdoors at the foot of the mountain at night. Finally arrived at Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town (formerly Dongyadi Township), Licheng County, Shanxi Province. There are many mountains in the area and the population is relatively small. My grandfather works as a long-term laborer for the landlord, and my father herds sheep for the landlord. They live in a dilapidated cave dwelling where the landlord's parents and other workers live. Life has finally settled down, and there is a little hope of survival. Before liberation, Grandpa Yang Jinpeng’s family consisted of seven people. They had 3 acres of mountainous land and no housing. They rented a cave dwelling from the landlord. After liberation, we were allocated 12 acres of mountain land and five houses. The best house in the village was allocated to the old landlord. During the land reform, my father was serving as a member of the People's Liberation Army fighting in other places. It was very honorable, and the village gave his family the best house in the village. My grandfather passed away in 1953 and my grandmother passed away in 1956. Father Yang Xiaoting, five brothers and sisters, all lived a happy life after liberation. Father is the boss. My eldest aunt Yang Lixin participated in the Women's Committee during the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation. In 1956, she officially participated in revolutionary work. In 1958, she was appointed as the director of the Women's Committee of Suobao Commune in Shexian County. In 1960, she was appointed as the deputy director of Piandian Commune in Shexian County. In 1975, he served as deputy director of the Shexian County Family Planning Office until his retirement in 1989. He died in 2021 at the age of 93. The second uncle, Yang Xueting (deceased), worked at the Fertilizer Factory in Licheng County, Shanxi Province after liberation. The third uncle, Yang Wanting (deceased), joined the People's Liberation Army in the 1960s and transferred to work at the Ferroalloy Factory in Licheng County, Shanxi Province. My little aunt is in Zhaogu Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province. Grandpa has three boys, two girls, and five children. The father has three children, two boys and one girl. The eldest aunt has two daughters. The second uncle has three boys, three girls and six children. The third uncle has one boy, two girls, and three children. My aunt has two boys, two girls, and four children. In our generation, there are eight boys, ten girls, and 18 children, distributed in Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Beijing City and other places. Under the glorious banner of the Communist Party, this generation has lived a happy life. 2. Father’s childhood Father (Yang Xiaoting, May 9, 1924 to March 7, 1991, the twenty-first day of the first lunar month, aged 68) was born in Xiapianliang Village (Yangjiazhuang), Shecheng Town, Shexian County, Hebei Province. Hunger was a constant companion throughout his childhood. Every spring when there is a shortage of crops, the family will run out of food. With no food to eat, they could only survive the famine by eating wild vegetables, grass roots, and tree bark. My father was born in an era of war and chaos, and the material conditions in the countryside were even more difficult. He was poor and wanted only food and clothing. Being able to have three meals a day was a very lucky and amazing thing! Since my father was 7 years old, every spring, when the family really had no choice, they would ask him to beg for food to help the family suffer from food shortages.My father took his dog-beating stick and his rice bowl and walked around the streets and alleys of the village and neighboring villages, begging along the streets. "Uncle, uncle, aunt, aunt, please do me a favor and give me something to eat." This is what my father often said. ; Kind-hearted people gave me some food, and some kind-hearted people showed sympathy because their families could not afford more food. Sometimes they would also encounter someone’s dog running out and saying “woof, woof, woof, woof.” It barks and bites, and won't let you in. In my father's memory, he suffered humiliation and suffering since he was a child. In 1933, when my father was 9 years old, he fled with his grandfather to Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province (formerly Dongyadi Township), herding sheep for the landlord Cheng Fuhai's family, and became a "little sheepherder". Forty or fifty sheep are herded every day. Accommodation and food at the landlord's house solved the problem of food and accommodation. While herding sheep during the day, she also had to go to the hillside to cut grass, bundle it and carry it back to prepare enough winter fodder for the sheep. Sheep like to eat grass in a new place every day and eat fresh grass. Shuiyao Village is a deep mountainous area. Crops are planted on the relatively good slopes. We must not let the sheep ruin it. The place where the sheep can be grazed is far away, and the mountain is steeper, more dangerous, and difficult to find. Because my father was young, he had to worry about herding such a group of sheep every day and lived in fear. One time, a sheep was disobedient and ran away. My father picked up a small stone and hit it, causing the sheep's head to bleed. My father was very scared and quickly dealt with it. However, the landowner found out and punished him by depriving him of food for a day. Another time, a sheep accidentally rolled down the mountain while going up the mountain. The sheep's leg was broken. The father was so frightened that he hid in the mountain and did not dare to go home. Grandpa brought him back, and the landlord punished him by not allowing him to eat for two days, and also fined him two months' wages. At the age of 12, my father began to herd cattle for the landlord. My father worked at the landlord's house tending sheep and cattle and suffered a lot. I sleep in the middle of the night from the fifth watch , especially in the cold winter, when I don’t wear warm clothes and sleep on a cool bed, I often wake up in the middle of the night from the cold. The long night awaits dawn, the sun always rises in the darkest hour. 3. Devoted to the Party When my father was born, it was an era of war and chaos, and the people were in dire straits. When I became a little sensible, the Japanese invaders entered the edge of the Taihang Mountains, burning, killing, looting and committing all kinds of evil. The village where my father lived was deeply affected. In 1940, when my father was 16 years old, a large number of troops including the Eighth Route Army Headquarters and the 129th Division Headquarters were stationed in the Taihang Mountains near our village at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei. Since our home (Shuiyao Village, Huangyadong Town, Licheng County, Shanxi Province) is only five miles away from the Eighth Route Army Huangyadong Arsenal, my father was influenced by communist ideas in his early days. When my father worked as a long-term laborer for the landlord, there was a worker named Yang Jinshui who was a few years older than his father. He often took care of him in his daily life and helped him while working. Because my father was young and could not do many farm work and things well, I felt very kind to have such a kind-hearted brother. His father regarded him as his good friend and confidant. Yang Jinshui taught his father many revolutionary principles. We long-term workers work all day long and create wealth. We should be fed, clothed, and housed, not what we are now. It is the landlords who have exploited our wages. The landlords have become rich, but we have neither enough food nor clothing to keep warm. Only by following the Communist Party in making revolution, overthrowing the landlords, and providing land to the tillers can we achieve the small goal of having enough food and clothing, and then strive to achieve the big goal of communism and liberate all mankind. My father didn’t understand many things, but he understood one sentence: Communism is good, the Communist Party is good, and if you follow the Communist Party to make revolution, you can have enough to eat. From then on, he strengthened his position and direction of always following the party and making revolution. Workers such as Yang Xianbin and Yang Jinshui often held meetings during their evening breaks to talk about revolutionary principles and promote revolutionary ideas. Yang Jinshui and his father used the cover of night to deliver supplies to the Eighth Route Army Huangyadong Arsenal many times. Yang Jinshui also often asked his father to deliver information and lead the way, and his father completed the tasks brilliantly. One day, Yang Jinshui asked his father: "Are you willing to join the Communist Party of China?" His father asked: "Why should you join the Communist Party of China?" "If you join the Communist Party of China, you will always follow the party. If you make revolution, you can fill your stomach and live a good life." "My father said: "As long as I can have enough food and live a good life, I will always follow the party. I am willing to join the Communist Party of China." On April 14, 1944, Yang Xianbin (Communist Party member, Shuiyao Village Chief), Yang Jinshui (a member of the Communist Party and leader of the Shuiyao Village Soldiers Team) was introduced as a candidate member of the Communist Party of China, with a waiting period of three months. On July 14, 1944, he became a regular member of the Communist Party of China. After joined the Communist Party of China, his father felt the honor and responsibility. He secretly made up his mind to always follow the Party, listen to the Party, do whatever the Party tells him to do, and be a good Party member. Shuiyao Village is an old liberated area. In 1945, a village committee was established to elect a democratic village chief. Yang Xianbin was elected as the democratic village chief. A militia team was established in Shuiyao Village, with Yang Jinshui as the captain. My father also joined the militia, and the village had its own organization. Full of yearning for a better life and full of confidence in communism. In the spring of 1945, there was no harvest, and the people had little food to eat. Mayor Yang Xianbin and Captain Yang Jinshui of Shuiyao Village mobilized the masses to carry out the "rent reduction and interest reduction" campaign to help poor people tide over the difficulties. He led mass organizations to fight against the enemy, and his father actively participated in it. He led the long-term workers in Shuiyao Village to fight against landlords, improved the long-term workers' food, and distributed food to tide over the famine. Thanks to the support of the Eighth Route Army and local militia, the activities went smoothly. The common people were given some food, and the food of the long-term workers was also improved. Since there is a militia organization in the village, and my father is also a member of the organization, he has a certain say in the village. (Yang Xiaoting participated in the "rent and interest reduction" activities in Shuiyao Village, Licheng County) Important Events of Yang Xiaoting Born in June 1924 in Xiapianliang Village (Yangjiazhuang), Shecheng Town, Shexian County, Hebei Province In March 1933, Shan Huangya, Licheng County, Western Province Grazing cattle and doing long-term work in Shuiyao Village, Dongzhen (Cheng Fuhai and Feng Tingli) Joined the Communist Party of China in April 1944 (Yang Jinshui) In June 1945, he was a soldier of the fifth company of the 2nd Battalion of the 30th Regiment of the Second Military Division of the Taihang Military Region in 1945. In September, the Japanese army recaptured Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province. In September 1945, the Battle of Shangdang (Changzhi area, Shanxi) was launched. In October 1945, the Battle of Pinghan (the Battle of Handan in Cixian County) was appointed. In February 1946, he was appointed as the Shanxi-Hebeilu Henan Field Army Third Column Eighth Brigade Deputy Squad Leader of the Directly Affiliated Mountain Artillery Company (Li Sanlu) The Battle of Longhai Road in August 1946 The Battle of Dingtao in September 1946 Father’s military career (2):
Joined the Communist Party and embarked on the revolutionary road
The Battle of Juye in September 1946 (Battle of Longfeng, Xiaoyangzhuang and Zhangfengji, Juye County, Shandong Province)
1946-10 Battle of Yuejuannan (southern Juancheng County, Shandong Province)
November 1946 Battle of Huaxian (Huaxian County, Anyang City, Henan Province)
In November 1946, he was appointed squad leader of the mountain artillery company directly under the eighth brigade of the third column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army (Li Sanlu)
December 1946 Juye , Jinxiang , Yutai Battle (Shandong Province) Injured
January 1947 Second Battle of Longhai Road
March 1947 Battle of Northern Henan (Liberation of Tangyin) Recorded once for military exploits (Li Sanlu)
July 1947 Southwest Shandong Campaign (Yangshan Collection, Jinxiang County, Shandong)
August 1947 Thousand Miles Leap into Dabie Mountains
September 1947 Anhui Province Liberation Tongcheng Battle Injury Award
The Battle of Zhangjiadian in October 1947 (Lu'an, Anhui Province) Zhangjiadian City)
June 1948, Kaifeng was liberated. In October 1948, Zhengzhou was liberated. In November 1948, Su County (Anhui Province) was captured. The Battle of Huaihai records the military exploits and was once appointed directly under the Eighth Brigade of the Third Column of the Central Plains Field Army. Deputy platoon leader of the mountain artillery company (Li Sanlu)
April 1949 Battle of crossing the Yangtze River (Tiebanzhou, Songyang County, Anhui Province)
In May 1949, the liberation of Suichang, Yongkang , Yunhe counties in Zhejiang Province
1949 In September, he served as the platoon leader of the mountain artillery company directly under the eighth brigade of the third column of the Second Field Army (Li Sanlu). In September 1949, he liberated the eastern Sichuan region (Sichuan Province). In November 1949, he liberated Chongqing. He recorded a military exploit. 4
1950 In February, bandits were suppressed in eastern Sichuan. In October 1950, he was appointed as the deputy instructor of the mountain artillery company directly under the 32nd Division of the 11th Army (Li Jiantang). In April 1951, he participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. In September 1952, he was appointed as the 32nd Division of the 11th Army. Instructor of the Third Company of the War Defense Artillery Battalion directly under the division (Zhang Qinggui)
In January 1953, he fought in the "38th Line" in Cheorwon, Jinhua and Pingkang areas of North Korea.
Returned from North Korea in September 1955 and studied at the Jinzhou Artillery School (artillery base)
1955 In October 1956, the Ministry of National Defense awarded him the rank of captain. In January 1956, he was appointed as the deputy instructor of the second battalion of the seventh regiment of the third reserve division of the People's Liberation Army. He trained in the West Campus of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province (Zhao Zhisheng). In July 1956, he got married. In April 1957, Liangshan, Sichuan Province. Injured during bandit suppression in Zhaojue County, Yi Autonomous Prefecture
April 1958 Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Bureau Farm 851 (Zhu Pengfei, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province)
December 1961 Deputy Director of the Price Bureau of Anda City, Heilongjiang Province (Zhang Shikui)
Anda City, Heilongjiang Province, October 1968 Deputy Director of the Civil Affairs and Labor Bureau (Wang Guanzhi)
April 1974 Director of the Nursing Home of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Shexian County, Hebei Province (Zhang Shuangyuan)
Retired in November 1983
Died in March 1991
About the author: Yang Chuanhe, male, born in 1961, Hebei Province A native of the county, he graduated from the Department of Physics of Hebei Normal University. He once served as deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission of Handan City and director of the Key Project Office of Handan City.
Image and text author Yang Chuanhe Qingzhang cross-strait
Image and text author Yang Chuanhe Qingzhang cross-strait
