"Lu Xun should enjoy a state funeral. In the Soviet Union, when Gorky died, Stalin carried the coffin..." Shen Junru said in his speech at Lu Xun's funeral.
On October 19, 1936, Mr. Lu Xun passed away at his residence in Shanghai. On that day, countless Chinese people were immersed in great sorrow.
In 1936, Mr. Lu Xun's body
was in Shanghai. A steady stream of people spontaneously participated in Lu Xun's funeral activities. For a time, Lu Xun's funeral became the focus of the most attention of the people across the country.
At that time, 13 people including Cai Yuanpei, Uchiyama Wanzao, Shen Junru, Soong Ching Ling , Mao Dun , Zhou Zuoren , Zhou Jianren formed the Lu Xun Funeral Committee.
As Mr. Shen said, as a great mentor of modern Chinese youth and the founder of modern literature, carrying the coffin of Lu Xun is a sacred and solemn thing. This not only marks the recognition of Mr. Lu Xun’s life by all the people, but also marks the There are successors to left-wing literature.
So, who will carry the coffin has undoubtedly become the top priority for the " Funeral Committee ".
In 1936, Mr. Lu Xun was buried in the funeral hall.
Due to China's domestic and foreign troubles at that time, and Lu Xun's identity was extremely sensitive, the "Funeral Committee" decided after collective discussion that influential young writers at the time would carry the coffin.
These young writers have all received the guidance and support of Mr. Lu Xun, and they will all be the backbone of the future Chinese literary world. They can be regarded as adhering to Mr. Lu Xun's consistent attitude of caring for young writers.
However, such a rigorous list of coffin bearers was very different from the coffin bearers at the time. In the photos of the coffin bearers, a pair of hands that did not belong to the coffin bearers appeared out of thin air. How could this be? What's going on?
A reporter conducted a series of investigations and interviews on this matter.
Photos of Mr. Lu Xun's funeral in 1936
In fact, the earliest list of coffin bearers was recorded in detail in "A Brief Account of the Death" written by Xiao Jun. There were 16 young writers in total, namely:
Ba Jin, Huang Yuan, Xiao Jun, Li Liewen, Nie Gannu, Jin Yi, Meng Shihuan, Zhou Wen, Zhang Tianyi, Wu Langxi, Chen Baichen, Xiao Qian, Ouyang Shan, Cao Bai , Lu Digen, Hu Feng.
Since Xiao Jun is a member of the funeral committee, this "A Brief Account of the Death" should be regarded as an official and authoritative report.
However, the number of coffin bearers published in many newspapers on the day of the funeral was different from Xiao Jun's record. "Shanghai Huamei Evening News" recorded: "A large number of young students sent Lu Xun to be buried, and fourteen writers personally carried the coffin."
1936 , Mr. Lu Xun’s body
is very obvious. One said 16 people, another said 14 people. Why is such a major funeral so trivial on key issues?
Some people may say, can’t you tell who is right and who is wrong just by counting the photos of that day?
This is indeed the simplest method. However, there was a huge crowd of people attending Lu Xun's funeral that day, and the scene was very chaotic. In the photos left behind, the images of all the coffin bearers were not clearly recorded.
However, almost all of the writers who have been confirmed to have carried the coffin at the time have written articles related to Lu Xun's funeral, many of which record the specific details of the coffin carrying, from which we can get a glimpse.
In October 1936, the last photo of Mr. Lu Xun was taken. Apart from me, I remember there were also Lu Di, Zhou Wen, Sha Ting, Ba Jin, He Qing, Lie Wen, Tian Yi, Hu Feng... I took extremely careful steps, in order to prevent Mr. Lu Xun from suffering any human consequences. Bumping... When we arrived at the cemetery, the black coffin was on our shoulders again. "
According to Jin Yi's memory, he felt extremely heavy at that time. Although the coffin was not big and the husband's body was also very light, he felt that it was on his shoulders. Extraordinarily heavy.
Jin Yi
From Jin Yi's article, we can see that young writers carried the coffin twice in total, once to wake up the coffin and once to the cemetery. In addition to himself, he could remember eight other coffin bearers.
Let’s take a look at what Ba Jin said in the article:
“After arriving at the cemetery, thirteen or four people lifted the coffin. The friend who had just read the eulogy in the memorial hall suddenly ran over from the crowd and put his palm down. Under the coffin, this scene moved me deeply..."
The "friend who read the eulogy" mentioned by Ba Jin in the article was actually Xiao Jun, but they were not familiar with each other at the time.
Xiao Jun
This is consistent with Xiao Jun's record that "he was the coffin bearer", but the number of people in Ba Jin's memory is still different from Xiao Jun's.
years later, Jin Yi's daughter showed reporters the photos of Lu Xun's funeral that her father had treasured for many years. On the back was a list of coffin bearers written by Jin Yi afterward as a mark of remembrance.
Unfortunately, due to the passage of time, three names written on the back of the photo have become blurred. Only 9 people can be clearly identified, namely Yao Ke, Ouyang Shan, Hu Feng, Ba Jin, Zhang Tianyi, and Jin Yi , Li Liewen, Wu Langxi, Lu Digen.
From this point of view, this matter is very strange. The list of these 9 people is different from the list of 9 people written by Jin Yi in his article. Zhou Wen and Sha Ting are missing; Yao Ke, Ouyang Shan, and Wu are added. Runcie.
In 1936, the people who carried Lu Xun's coffin
Later, a reporter took the photo and found Zhou Wen's daughter. She recognized that his father was the second to last person on the right side of the coffin in the photo, and also took out a souvenir of his father's year. Lu Xun's articles.
Zhou Wen wrote in the article:
"Everyone gathered in a large circle in front of the auditorium to lift the coffin containing his body. This is the last time! Thousands of people are vying to stretch out their hands, crowded , and carried it to the tomb. "
It seems that Zhou Wen was at the scene that day and must have been one of the coffin bearers.
In 2001, based on photos of Jin Yi's daughter, reporters found Huang Yuan, who was still alive among the coffin bearers.
Lu Xun, Xu Guangping and their son Zhou Haiying
Huang Yuan pointed to a small gap in the left row of the coffin behind Ba Jin and Hu Feng and in front of Jin Yi and said: "This is me."
Because Huang Yuan was small, and he was between the two tall people It's in the middle, so it's not obvious.
According to Huang Yuan, Xu Guangping did not tell Xiao Jun about Lu Xun's death. He was the one who brought Xiao Jun that day. After Lu Xun's body was transferred from home to the funeral parlor, Xiao Jun knelt in the funeral parlor. Huang Yuan and his wife Four people, Xu Yuehua , Xiao Jun and Hu Feng, kept vigil at the funeral. When Lu Xun died, Mao Dun did not come due to illness. His wife Kong Dejun came. Mrs. Mao was mainly responsible for taking care of Xu Guangping.
Mao Dun and his wife
According to this photo, the reporter conducted many visits and investigations, and finally determined the real list of the 12 people who carried the coffin:
Left 1: Ba Jin, right 1:Lu Digen
Left 2: Hu Feng, right 2: Ouyang Shan
Left 3: Huang Yuan, right 3: Zhang Tianyi
Left 4: Jin Yi, right 4: Yao Ke
Left 5: Wu Langxi, right 5: Zhou Wen
Left 6: Xiao Jun, right 6: Li Liewen
The above is based on the photo search to find out the list of people who were raised from the Wanguo Funeral Home for the first time and carried down the steps to the hearse.
In addition, the extra hands that appeared out of thin air in the photo are obviously not Chinese. Under the circumstances at that time, it was impossible for foreigners to appear on the list of coffin bearers.
So, who is this foreigner? In Ba Jin's memoirs, the reporter found the answer.
Ba Jin
"On the way to the tomb, the coffin was getting heavier and heavier. The Westerner who came with the coffin came over and asked in English movedly: Can I help? I nodded. He silently held his hand Reach under the coffin."
It turns out that the whole process of Lu Xun's funeral was not as rigid as people today imagine. A foreigner would be deeply moved when faced with this scene. It can be seen that everyone present at the scene, including those who came to see Mr. Everyone in the process felt so real grief.
According to the memories of the day, I am afraid that there were more than 13 people "carrying the coffin". In the end, how many people joined the procession of carrying the coffin. , I’m afraid I can’t explain it clearly.
Lu Xun
Yes, in that era when China was gradually awakening, who wouldn’t want to send this great “warrior” his final journey in person?
