Throughout the twelve emperors of the Qing Dynasty, there are some who have a good command of martial arts, such as Kangxi and Qianlong. But more of them are those who are talented and fair, without blame and reputation, such as Jiaqing and Daoguang. Xianfeng was the last emperor with real power in the Qing Dynasty, and similarly, he was also a mediocre guardian like his father. However, his life was very helpless, with too many helplessness and grievances. Z1z
Xianfeng’s grievances can be attributed to the five great hatreds
One is hating the Taiping Rebellion
Xianfeng has just ascended the throne and proclaimed the emperor less than a year ago, the scholar Hong Xiuquan launched the Taiping Rebellion in Guangxi. What is more unexpected is that the uprising quickly developed into a prairie fire, from Guangxi to Hunan, from Hunan to Hubei, from Hubei to Jiangxi, Anhui to Jiangsu, and even spread to the vicinity of Beijing for a while, making Emperor Xianfeng embarrassed. , Desperate.
The ancestors and ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, since entering the Pass, have been diligent in administration and loving the people, and have been light-hearted. In the years of famine, the court must have relief, but these people are still dissatisfied. They have to rebel and overthrow the Qing. Ting, really an unpardonable chaos. But how did Xianfeng know that the majority of people are actually living in dire straits, and they have to take risks.
The second is the hateful British, French and Yi people
The Qing Dynasty has vast resources, everything, and there is no need for foreign trade. Foreigners are inseparable from Chinese tea, rhubarb, silk, porcelain, etc. The Qing emperor allowed foreigners to trade in China, which in the eyes of Emperor Xianfeng was a gift to them. However, these foreigners, who don't understand etiquette, justice, and shame, and don't know how to respect the emperor, not only are not grateful, but they have become more intensified and asked for all kinds of non-discriminatory requests.
The most difficult thing for Emperor Xianfeng to accept is that these barbarians even let their ministers be stationed in Beijing and presented them with credentials, but with a sullen expression, they refused to kneel and kowtow to him three times. It's all about not paying great ceremonies, and openly claiming that the soldiers are compliant, invaded the capital of the heavenly dynasty, murdered, arsonized, and robbed everything, which is unreasonable.
The third is to hate the imperial court and the ministers and ministers to follow the perfunctory
government corruption is a chronic disease of the Qing Dynasty, when Xianfeng came to the throne, it was already unstoppable. However, when Emperor Xianfeng took the throne, he still made a difference. He implored and punished Mu Zhanga, a scholar who misled the country and the people, and Qiying, a foreigner, weak and incompetent. At the same time, Emperor Xianfeng promoted some courageous officials into the central organization.
However, many large and small officials have habitually acted their own way, or took bribes, or corpses, or deceived themselves. According to the words of the time, "takes ambiguity as a clear idea, takes weakness as a good plan; takes drills as a ladder of progress, and stubbornly serves as a means of serving officials." even publicly stated that "more is worse than less." Such a bureaucratic team made Emperor Xianfeng hateful.
The fourth is to hate himself at the wrong time.
After the British and French forces invaded Beijing, the Emperor Xianfeng fled in a hurry. He was resentful on the throne of the Yanbozhishuang Hall in the Summer Resort. He couldn't figure it out. Although he had no ancestors Master Kangxi is a genius, but he has never dared to slack off since he took the throne. Although he does not have to do everything by himself, he will not sleep and eat, but he still has to go to night clothes and eat. But why is it that God is unfair, so that you have a country that is not like a country, and only hates that you are born out of time.
Fifth is to hate the Eight Banners soldiers who can't muddy the wall.
was a mighty force in the past, but the Eight Banners are now rags. They could not suppress the Taiping Rebellion. In the ordinary days, once the majestic Eight Banners soldiers met the British, French and Yi people, they were defeated and defeated. And those high-ranking generals are mostly full of food all day long, do nothing. Although Emperor Xianfeng could punish one, two, three or five incompetent people, he couldn't reverse the situation. Who should he count on to govern the country?
In addition to helplessness and resentment, Emperor Xianfeng still has unspeakable difficulties.
After the British and French forces invaded Beijing, Emperor Xianfeng "Beishou Mulan". This is the first time that the emperor has escaped from the capital since the founding of the Qing Dynasty. How can such humiliation be worthy of love The ancestors and subjects of Xinjueluo? But what is even more puzzled is that after the situation subsided, Emperor Xianfeng refused to return to Luang, staying in Rehe and couldn't leave. In fact, Xianfeng had unspeakable difficulties at this time.
As far as Emperor Xianfeng is concerned, he does not want to live in Rehe for a long time. alreadyWhen he fled, there were ministers who strongly opposed and dissuaded him. The academician Jia Zhen had very good reasons for objecting. If the emperor leaves Beijing, it may lead to "civil transformation", and some people will even take the opportunity to support others. Man is emperor. Z1z
Emperor Xianfeng didn't know these truths, but he was forced to desperate by barbarians at that time, and had to make this move, and came to Rehe as a last resort. However, the situation of foreigners has not undergone a fundamental change, so how can I return to Beijing rashly?
Actually, as early as August 16th in the tenth year of Xianfeng, that is, the day when Emperor Xianfeng felt Rehe, Emperor Xianfeng sent a letter to Prince Gong Yiqi, ordering him to handle it with the camera and make a quick tie. As long as Britain, France and other countries and the Qing government After exchanging treaties and submitting credentials, he can return to Luang and calm people's hearts. But the most basic prerequisite is that after he returns to Luang, Britain and France and other countries should stop making trouble.
When Yimao signed the "Beijing Treaty" with Britain and France, although the state of war had basically ended, the British and French coalition forces did not withdraw from Beijing. On September 18th, Emperor Xianfeng once again stated to Yi Qi and others that as long as the British and French coalition forces retreat and do not repeat, he can return to Luang. The Mabu teams stationed in the Gubeikou area can assume the responsibility of escorting. These words showed that Emperor Xianfeng was eager to return to the capital. However, later Emperor Xianfeng changed his attitude on the issue of Huiluan.
From a subjective point of view, it was Emperor Xianfeng's concern that the representatives of Britain and France and other countries might once again ask for an audience and submit the credentials. The objective reason was that the weather at that time was getting colder and colder and winter was not suitable for long journeys. This was the main and most direct reason why Emperor Xianfeng refused to return to Luang immediately. In this regard, Xianfeng had a clear statement.
He believes: Although China and foreign countries have exchanged contracts and the British and French troops have also withdrawn to Tianjin, the Yi people have repeated dispositions and it is difficult to guarantee that they will not have trouble. On September 25th, Emperor Xianfeng wrote Zhu's comment on the memorial of Yiqi and others: Yiqi and others must negotiate and negotiate with Britain and France to completely abolish foreign ministers’ personal delivery of credentials to the Qing emperor. Otherwise, disaster Can't stop.
In addition, Emperor Xianfeng also specially warned Yi Cheng and others: if Britain and France only temporarily agreed to cancel the letter of credence in person, and after he returned to Beijing, Britain and France went to Beijing from Tianjin and once again raised the matter of seeing and submitting the letter of credence. If you continue to threaten, only Yimao asks. After all, as long as the British, French and Yi people no longer come to Beijing, Emperor Xianfeng can return to Beijing. Z1z
died in Rehe, and the tragedy of the coup d’état was finally brewed.
Emperor Xianfeng finally survived a new year in Rehe. On the second day of the first month of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng made a decision in early spring and the weather was slightly warmer. Starting from February 13th, he drove back to Luang, but was later changed to return to Luang on February 25 for some reason.
However, people are not as good as heaven. If Emperor Xianfeng could really drive back to Beijing in February, no matter when he died and returned to the West after returning to Beijing, there would probably not be a subsequent Xinyou coup, nor would there be a court situation where the Empress Dowager Cixi would dominate politics. . Helplessly, in February, Emperor Xianfeng's body no longer allowed him to return to Luan.
At this time, Emperor Xianfeng's health was getting worse and worse. He coughed more and more every day. According to the medical records of the Qing palace, it was roughly changed to diseases such as pneumonia or tuberculosis. On February 22nd, Wang Yizhen of Jinjun and others played, on the grounds that Emperor Xianfeng had violated the Eucharist, and persuaded the suspension of returning to Luang. Emperor Xianfeng Zhu wrote: "I wanted to return to Luan immediately, but I didn't want to feel a little bit of support since ten days ago, but coughing ceaselessly, red phlegm is common, so I have to follow the instructions of the imperial physician and rest assured. I also sent to the cabinet to announce, I will postpone returning to Luang. As for when to return to Luang, I will issue an decree in the autumn."
It can be seen that the Emperor Xianfeng at that time was indeed very embarrassed, unable to advance or retreat. He can only be a monk hitting the clock one day, all day long, depressed and extremely boring. He also personally wrote the "Qile Dao Ren" banner and ordered people to hang it in the hall. This move may be out of self-deprecating inaction, but it also shows the decadence of his spirit. On July 17, the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng, with endless regrets, passed away in the Yanbo Zhishuang Hall in Rehe, at the age of 31. The temple was named Wenzong.
