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In an animation at the beginning of "Feng Qi Luoyang", a group of people used by the saint Wu Zetian and the informant system and the famous informant artifact copper 匦, then this inform system How horrible it is, we might as well look down:
1. The origin of the whistleblower system
In the first year of civilization (684), the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty and Pei Yan were framed for rebellion. Was arrested and imprisoned. Cheng Wu Ting In order to save his friend Pei Yan, he wrote to Wu Zetian, claiming that Pei Yan was framed by others and would never be able to rebel. But Cheng Wuting's letter not only failed to save Pei Yan, but he was also implicated. In the end, both of them were executed by Wu Zetian.
After killing Cheng Wuting, Wu Zetian was furious and called the officials to question: "I have nothing to lose in the world, do all the officials know?"
Wu Zetian continued to criticize:
"I have been worried about the world for more than 20 years before the emperor! The princes are rich and noble, and I will be with him; the world is peaceful and happy, and I will support it forever. Yu I, I don’t love my body but the people. I am now the leader of the army because of the generals and ministers, so why don’t I bear my depth!" ：
"There are veterans in the Qing generation who are stubborn and difficult to control Pei Yan? There are generals and noble species, who can meet and meet Xu Jingye? There are generals who hold soldiers, and support the process of victory. ? These three people,People’s hope is not good for me. I can kill them! Qing and others have had these three things right away; otherwise, I must change my mind and let the world laugh!"
"Only by Wu Zetian!"
In Wu Zetian's mind, a group of middle and low-level officials could call on more than 100,000 people to "rebel" against her. With this threat, Prime Minister Gu Ming will take the lead to force the palace. This situation is terrible.
Wu Zetian knew that unless she returned to her adult heir in accordance with traditional practices, the saying "the first emperor trusted Gu Yuzhen with the world" In other words, the ministers will not believe and convince, and the problem cannot be solved; However, she is an authoritative personality, now she is rare to enjoy the power, is she willing to give up easily? Although the elites of the Manchu Dynasty are temporarily deterred and convinced, they are rich in power and power. Will she believe in them because of her struggle experience?
According to the fact that Wu Zetian vigorously used Renjun's two handles-punishment and reward-in the future, the answer is obviously no.
Because Wu Zetian also knew that if he didn't want to Giving up power must face tremendous pressure and even power struggles. At this time, she must use means to go beyond the law, employ people in an unusual way, and pull a group of people from it to severely strike at another group in order to have a long-term deterrent effect; and only Only by successfully creating this kind of political environment and atmosphere can we receive the effect of effective governance, regardless of whether the subjects are true or false.
2. Health inspection system
Encouraging whistleblowing and establishing whistleblower channels is the guarantee for creating this political environment and atmosphere.
The actual case was reported by span_3span 4 span long before the anger of the officials Uncover,The real development begins with the establishment of a censorship system:
The so-called Feiqi report refers to the day when Wu Zetian established the new emperor on February 7th, the first year of the heir, there were more than a dozen Feiqi who participated in the emperor’s emperor. Quju drink. In the wine room, one of them said: "I knew there was no reward, it's better to still serve King Luling !" One person got up and went straight to the north gate to report. The North Gate is the Xuanwu Gate in the north of Miyagi. Feiqi is the closest military unit to the emperor. It belongs to the Yulin Forbidden Army and is stationed at this gate. Before the seat was scattered, the Forbidden Army covered it and arrested the drinkers and tied them to Yulin Prison. The speaker is cut, and the rest are twisted with "knowing the opposite but not telling it".
The tip of the whistleblower has arisen since then. At the end of the year, after Wu Zetian had dealt with the case of Pei Yan and Cheng Wuting, he pardoned the world on New Year's Day in the first month of the following year. Lower the system and adjust the existing Dengwen system.
Originally, Datang set up a Dengwen Drum in the Western Dynasty Hall and lungstones in the East Dynasty Hall in order to give the subjects a chance to speak up or appeal for major grievances. If the speaker beats the standing stone, his sentiment can reach the sky.
Now Wu Zetian made the cloud:
"The Dengwen drum and lungstones in the court do not need to be defended. There are drums and standing stones, which make the imperial history be heard."
strong according to this The system shows that it is tantamount to loosening the control of direct access to heaven and encouraging subjects to speak up. In order to further encourage the above, in March of the second year (686) of , a brand-new system-the censorship system was created to accept submissions.
The system is roughly as follows:
Invoking the theory of the five elements, each according to the position, with the seasons and colors, and given the relevant meaning , that is:
(1) The east is the wood position, the spring is the main spring, and the color is blue, so it is blue. Spring is a symbol of benevolence and is based on pavilion education, so I accepted the submission of "selling me to support people and persuading farmers", and named it "Yan Enyu".
(2) The south is the position of fire, the main summer is red, so it is Dan. Xia is a symbol of faith. It is based on weathering and is used to accept the submission of "can be admonishment on the gains and losses of current politics". is named as "admonishment".
(3) The west is the golden position, the main autumn is white, so it is vegetarian. Autumn is a symbol of righteousness, based on decision-making, used to accept the submission of "desire to be self-sufficient", and named it "redressing grievances."
(4) North is the water level, dominates winter, black, so it is mysterious. Winter is the symbol of wisdom and the foundation of conspiracy. It is used to accept the submission of "can tell me to seek wisdom". is named "Tongxuanyou".
(2) Set up the advisor: is in charge of the admonishment system, and the doctor, supplementary, and survivor are in charge, and the submission is accepted every day until the end of the day. . Before submitting a book, the submitter must be identified before the submission.
(3) Set the manager: is in charge of the supervisory system, and one person, Yushi Zhongcheng and Shi Yushi, handles the received submissions.
suggested that the person who created the copper noodles should be called Yu Baojia, the son of Yu Chengye, the servant of Pei Yan. It is said that he once taught Xu Jingye to make weapons, but he survived the exhaustion after his defeat.
Later he knew that Wu Zetian wanted to know about civil affairs,So the letter proposed to create this bronze female, the purpose is to accept the secret music of the world. The ancients said that the instigator had nothing to do with it, but as expected, after the bronze was completed, someone wrote a book, accusing him of teaching Xu Jingye to make weapons and killing many officers and soldiers, so he fell victim to punishment.
3. The whistleblower-cooler
The series of events that took place from Xu Jingye to Yu Bao’s family made Wu Wu Zetian, 62, suspect that there are many people in the world secretly ; I also felt that I was breaking the law and dictating state affairs for a long time, and his expertise was not correct. At the end of the Chuigong Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi Only a year after his death, there was a lover Xue Huaiyi, so I knew that the Li family clan and ministers must have Resentment and dissatisfaction.
In the face of this situation, Wu Zetian wants to open the door to inform the public and open up his prestige. In addition to the use of the prosecution system, all the informants and officials. They are not allowed to intervene. They must use stagecoach and provide five-product official food, and send him to the line. Arrange to live in the government guesthouse. After they arrive, even the farmer woodsmen will be deceived. Wu Zetian summoned the meeting, and if he said that he was in line with Wu Zetian's will, he would not be dismissed again, even though he was not guilty of what he said was not true.
Under this incentive measure, informants from all quarters have swarmed, and everyone held their breath.
After someone informs the public, someone must take over and manage the prison, and even expand the case to handle it, so that it can have a deterrent effect. However, court judiciary has certain system procedures, and the law cao also has certain training. Therefore, Wu Zetian needs to appoint a group of people outside the system to carry out his affairs directly.The people she employs are often selected from informants.
These people were only her "political thugs" at first. After continuing and expanding their attacks, became the "founding heroes" of Wu Zetian's "smashing the world". Because of their harsh combat methods, they were regarded as such. For the "Cool History", the two " Tangshu" set up "Cool Officials Biography" dedicated to his life.
Judging from the period when Wu Zetian came to the court, for example, the Hu Ren Suo Yuanli was the earliest cool official model:
He was called directly by Wu Zetian’s intentions, and was informed directly by Wu Zetian. For a guerrilla general who is a lower-rank martial officer from the fifth rank, he was ordered to jail him. Yuan Li has a cruel personality. Pushing one person will implicate dozens of people. Wu Zetian has summoned him several times to give him a reward and to show his power. So the followers of Zhouxing and to Junchen followed suit and followed suit.
In order to strive for merit, they met with hundreds of rogues. They used the "Luo Weaving Sutra" written by them as a textbook for training and taught them to specialize in whistleblowing. Luo Zhicheng, Wu Zetian After obtaining the dense state, Yuan Li, Junchen, etc. were ordered to push and press, and they would use all kinds of torture to train them into prisons, or kill or demote them, which would harm people hard to count. It is said that the reporters are also paid to officials of the five ranks on a regular basis.
So everyone is in terror, and the road is in sight.
Chen Ziang, the author of "Youzhou Taige", was a small official in Lintai's orthographic character. He may not know Wu Zetian's real motives. He thought that Wu Zetian was only for Xu Jingye's rebellious case to raise the wind and the great prison. The situation is serious and unwise, it is naive to write rules. is also criticizing Wu Zetian's mutiny in Yangzhou,Fake cruel officials execute the reign of terror, so in the book they repeatedly use "mighty punishment", "judgment", "love a person", "strong hegemony" and "fornication" to describe them.
Actually, Wu Zetian’s real motive was to get rid of the opposition, continue to face the court, consolidate authority and maintain prestige. Therefore, at this time, he used torture to implement the reign of terror. The bureaucracy is the main target of the attack, and it does not intend to cause the people to suffer, and the social order is out of control, which is not good for oneself. There are a small number of people who were framed but survived the disaster. Most of them are not in direct contact with Wu Zetian’s motives and taboos.
4. How powerful is the whistleblowing system?
The famous prime minister Di Renjie is the victim of the whistleblowing system.
He was known to Wu Zetian for his local political achievements. Soon after he worshipped the minister, he was actually imprisoned for Lai Junchen. Junchen told him that if he admits in the first instance, he can reduce his death, otherwise he will wait until he admits the sentence.
"The Great Zhou Revolution, everything is new, the Tang Dynasty veteran, willing to kill!" Renjie sighed, and could only admit that he rebelled. Later, his son reported to Wu Zetian and informed him that Wu Zetian saved him from death and still demoted the county magistrate of 彭泽 .
The prime minister cannot avoid being trapped. Even if the truth is understood, he will still be relegated. This is a fluke! Even so,Their fluke does not mean that most of the trapped people can have this lucky opportunity. This is where the horror lies.
Wu Zetian's high-handed tactics and terror rule will turn his subjects into three types of people: either Afu flattering, or swallowing to change, and most of them are wise to protect themselves.
For her, those who flatter Afu are the so-called "concubines" of and Mencius, while those who protect themselves are the "silent majority" who can take advantage of it; They are "conspirators" and must continue to be eliminated. In this situation, she has been able to tightly control the country. It is no wonder that the Litang clan has begun to face unprecedented difficulties.
(end of text)
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