Tang Hualong is a well-known constitutionalist in the late Qing Dynasty. The Revolution of 1911 , the former chairman of the Hubei Consultative Bureau, actively participated in petitions and urged the Qing court to quickly convene a parliament. After the Wuchang Uprising , Tang Hualong responded immediately and actively participated in the organization of the Hubei military government , and urged the provincial advisory bureaus to respond to the revolution and became the first "rebel" among the upper-class gentry in Hubei.
Tang Hualong
Tang Hualong is a standard new-style gentry. He was a gentry in 1904 and then went to Hosei University, Japan. He can be in charge of the Consultation Bureau in the nine provinces with abundant talents, which shows that his ability and influence are not trivial.
Tang Hualong is a radical among the Constitutionalists, radical to radical, but at first he never meant to rebel. For the Qing court, the constitutionalists should help rather than tear down the platform. In the final analysis, the fundamental purpose of the gentry for the constitution was to share some power with , but this soap bubble of hope was ruthlessly shattered in the end.
In May 1911, the Qing government announced the first reformed cabinet. ), Xu Shichang (Han); Minister of Foreign Affairs Liang Dunyan (Han); Minister of Civil Affairs Shanqi (Royal); Minister of Duzhi Zaize (Royal); Minister of Academic Affairs Tang Jingchong (Han); Minister of Army Yinchang (Man) ; Minister of the Navy Zaixun (Royal Family); Minister of Justice Shaochang (Royal Family); Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Pu Lun (Royal Family); Minister of Posts Sheng Xuanhuai (Han); Minister of Lifan Shouqi (Royal Family).There are 13 members in the cabinet, including seven from the royal family, two Manchu , and only four Han people. This is the infamous " royal cabinet ". Almost at the same time, the Qing government announced the "railroad state-owned" policy, which took back the rights of road construction and mining from the hands of the locals and the gentry.
The Qing government’s move made the Constitutionalists completely desperate. Their confrontation with the Qing court reached an extremely sharp point. Many people have tended to take risks and make other plans. Tang Hualong is one of them. It can be said that the imperial court forced them on the road of no return.
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out. Due to the rush of the uprising, the party members did not have a comprehensive plan. The main leaders who participated in the uprising were some grassroots officers in the new army, lacking the prestige and qualifications to command the world. The officers and soldiers of the uprising without a leader first thought of Tang Hualong, who is well-known in Hubei, and planned to elect him as the military governor. However, Tang declined this request from the party members on the grounds that he did not know the soldiers. He said: "I agree with the revolutionary cause, but at this time Wuchang is in trouble, and all provinces don’t know about it. You must power on all provinces first. Please respond unanimously. , To help you succeed. Kuang Ruizhen since his escape, there must be a telegram to Beijing, the Qing court heard the letter, will send soldiers to Hubei, embarrass us. This is the military era, I am not a soldier, I don’t know how to use troops, please plan for the military. , I did my best to help.” Later, Hubei New Army Coordinator Li Yuanhong was promoted as the governor, and Tang Hualong was elected as the minister of political affairs in charge of government affairs.
Hubei military governor Li Yuanhong
Unlike Li Yuanhong’s “being revolutionized”, Tang Hualong’s attitude towards revolution is proactive and active. He was indignant about the perverse actions of the Qing court and praised the party’s uprising. And supportive attitude. Soon after the uprising broke out, Tang Hualong immediately energized the provincial advisory bureaus to urge the provinces to respond to the Wuchang Uprising. It is precisely because of this vital energization that the Wuchang Uprising will not die halfway.In the end, most provinces across the country responded, and the decadent Qing Dynasty also collapsed in this turbulent historical trend. The full text of Tang Hualong’s power on is as follows: "The Qing court has no way, calling itself to perish, and turning the dragon knows that the disaster will never happen. He joined the public to go to Kyoto to represent the country and call for the establishment of a constitution. It is a nine-year agreement. There is no sincerity of reform. Puyi Jianzi Huangkou, the regency is foolish and faint, the military and wealth are powerful, the survival is tied, but he abandons the Han people, fully teaches relatives and nobles, Pulun, Zaitao, Tongdai children's play, separates the navy and the army Department, 载泽 Greedy and ruthless, governing the support, intended to suppress the Han people, force autocracy, reform desperate, the mainland will sink, the descendants of my emperor gods, how can we die with it, although the Chu has three families, swear Qin is bound to perish, it is not called revenge, and seek self-help in reality, Wuhan's righteous flag, the soldiers and the people raised their arms, full of chieftains and ruins, hurriedly nights, the Yangtze River important town, the sun and the moon, the foundation of the creation of the universe, waiting for the response of the whole nation, I hereby give my consolation to the telegraph. I hope that I will not let my sword wear my sword. I will stand up and return to China without a bloody blade. The public will stand under the cliff for a long time and share the enthusiasm for crime. The museum, come to ask about the purpose, express the political revolution, and express sympathy. China and foreign countries are jubilant, the general situation is set, the time is too fast, the time is no longer, waiting for good news, no one is eager. The chairman of the Hubei Advisory Bureau, Tang Hualong and all his colleagues knocked. "
Tang Hualong’s power-on conveyed what was in the minds of intellectuals at the time, and immediately received a positive response from the local advisory bureaus. The famous historian Zhang Ming commented in "Xinhai: Shaking China": "So In response, the subsequent provinces became an ensemble of the Revolutionary Party and the Constitutional Party. Almost every province is independent, and there are Constitutionalists. In some important provinces, such as Zhejiang and Jiangsu, the Constitutionalists are still in charge. "In other words, it was with Tang Hualong’s cry that the revolution became a prairie fire, and 17 of the country’s 22 provinces declared independence—this was Tang Hualong’s greatest contribution to the Revolution of 1911.
After that, Tang Hualong used his position and influence to contact the consuls of Western countries stationed in Hankou, so that the United States, Britain and other countries were strictly neutral in accordance with international practices, and recognized the Hubei military government as a warring group; Tang also passed the Hankou business group under his control. ,Together with the uprising officers and soldiers to maintain order, the three towns of Wuhan that have experienced this great change are basically calm and calm as before.
There is one more detail that must be mentioned. After the uprising broke out, the Qing navy admiral Sa Zhenbing was ordered to suppress it. At that time, Tang Hualong’s younger brother Tang Xiangming served in Sa Zhenbing’s hand, and Tang Hualong was dedicated to the book. Ming, asked him to instigate Sa Zhenbing to rate the navy to be attached to justice. As a result, Sa left the army and returned to Shanghai and acquiesced to the uprising of his men. “There are a few remaining ships, and the more promising sea captains Huang Zhongying and Tang Xiangming are appointed to lead them to join the revolutionary camp.” (Tang Degang: "The Yuan Family" The story of Tang Hualong's letter instigating an anti-navy officer was passed down as a good talk at the time. Huang Zhongying and Tang Xiangming were also honored with important responsibilities for this. They served as chief and deputy chief of the navy in the Nanjing Provisional Government that was later established.
Revolution and improvement were originally two different things, but they were miraculously combined during the Xinhai tide a hundred years ago, and they have also made remarkable achievements. It can be said that the constitutionalists headed by Tang Hualong contributed to the success of the Wuchang Uprising as the head of the Revolution of 1911.
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