Seventy Lectures
The Great Rescue of Chinese Cultural Celebrities
Liao Chengzhi took a group photo with the escaped cultural figures in Guangzhou (front row from left: Mao Dun, Xia Yan, Liao Chengzhi; back row from left: Pan Hannian, Wang Fuquan, Yu Feng, Ye Wenjin, Situ Hui Min)
In December 1941, the Japanese invaders occupied Hong Kong. At that time, hundreds of well-known cultural figures and democrats, including Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Liu Yazi, Zou Taofen, Liang Shuming and others, were still working in Hong Kong to fight against Japan and save the nation, and they were in very dangerous situation. At the time of this crisis, Zhou Enlai, the then secretary of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made several urgent calls to Liao Chengzhi, director of the Hong Kong Office of the Eighth Route Army, to do everything possible to transfer these cultural elites of the Chinese nation as soon as possible and escort them to safety at all costs. zone.
A group photo of people from the literary and art circles in front of Xiao Hong’s tomb in Repulse Bay, Hong Kong (front row from left: Ding Cong, Xia Yan, Bai Yang, Shen Ning, Ye Yiqun, Zhou Hefu, Yang Hansheng. Back row from left: Zhang Junxiang, Wu Zuguang, Zhang Ruifang, Cao Yu)
Original Liao Zhihua, head of the traffic sub-station of the Dongjiang Column: The traffic network, if you want to pass the enemy's blockade, the sentinel will ask the post, or you will be killed if you don't. Specially walking on small roads, they are all cut through thorns and thorns, through high mountains and dense forests, and through (the enemy's) blockade.
In January 1942, rescue work began in secret. After the Japanese army attacked Hong Kong, many cultural figures were scattered and hidden and lost contact with each other. After many setbacks, the rescuers found all the rescued objects and placed them in safe and secret residences, and then began to study specific rescue plans.
Group photo of some cultural celebrities after the victory rescue
TV series "Provincial-Hong Kong Rescue"
Zhang Mingshen: Comrades, the rescue and evacuation work can be divided into three steps. First, we must quickly contact these cultural elites and democratic patriots. Then they were secretly escorted to the bases of the Hong Kong and Kowloon guerrillas; secondly, they were escorted to the Dongjiang Anti-Japanese Base through the traffic channel of the Ding'an and Huiyang guerrilla areas; thirdly, they were escorted from the Anti-Japanese Base to Laolong, and then from Lao Long went to Shaoguan again, until the safest rear area!
The head of the Eighth Route Army Hong Kong Office, Liao Chengzhi (son of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning)
According to the spirit of Zhou Enlai's instructions, the rescue plan finally determined the Sanshui Road and one land evacuation route. On the afternoon of January 9, 1942, more than 20 people, including Zou Taofen and Mao Dun and his wife, as the first batch of evacuees, dressed as refugees, mixed in with the evacuees, and traveled a long distance of more than 100 miles to finally arrive at Baishilong Village in Shenzhen. Jiang Shan, a descendant of the Dongjiang Column Short Gun Team who was responsible for the transfer of He Xiangning, Liu Yazi and others, recalled that the evacuation of the waterway also overcame many difficulties.
Jiangshan: The Japanese dismantled all the machines on the ships, and then these ships have no power. They can only rely on God and the wind to blow the ship wherever they go. He Xiangning is on this ship. There are also no machines.
In January 1942, after Zou Taofen escaped from Hong Kong, he wrote an inscription in Baishilong: "Defend the motherland and be a pioneer for the people." After leaving Hong Kong on the last flight, Kai Tak Airport was captured by the Japanese.
Chang Ruiqing, deputy research librarian of the National Museum of China: Through this rescue, the prestige of the Chinese Communist Party has been improved, and they have firmly believed in the Chinese Communist Party's proposition of the War of Resistance. The famous writer Mao Dun, in particular, wrote in "Miscellaneous Notes on Getting Out of Danger" that the Hong Kong rescue was very well organized and could be said to be the greatest rescue in history.
The Memorial Hall of the Great Rescue of Chinese Cultural Celebrities is located in Baishilong Village, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.
In the following 100 days, thousands of cultural celebrities, patriotic democrats, family members, and international friends who were stranded in Hong Kong were escorted by anti-Japanese guerrilla fighters. Hong Kong miraculously "evaporated", no one was sacrificed and no one was arrested, creating a miracle of "Victory Rescue". This rescue has preserved a large number of cultural elites for the Chinese nation and the new China. It has far-reaching significance in promoting the development of the anti-Japanese national united front, and has left an indelible mark in the history of the Chinese revolution.
Important Discussion
May 30, 1938
Mao Zedong published the article "Strategic Issues in the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War" in the 40th issue of "Liberation". In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there were many people inside and outside the Chinese Communist Party who despised the important strategic role of guerrilla warfare, and only pinned their hopes on regular warfare, especially the operations of the Kuomintang army, and expounded the importance of guerrilla warfare. status. The article points out: In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, regular war is the main, guerrilla war is auxiliary. This, we have correctly resolved.Why bring up the strategic issue of the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War? It was because China, a big and weak country, was attacked by a small but strong country, and because China had a strong army led by the Communist Party and a large mass of the people, the main reason for the anti-Japanese guerrilla war was not to directly cooperate with the regular army at close range on the inside. In this way, the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War, which was still in an auxiliary position in the whole Anti-Japanese War, ran out of the tactical scope and knocked on the strategic door, demanding Consider the problem of guerrilla warfare from a strategic point of view. Guerrilla warfare has its special strategic position. The article stipulates six principles for the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War: proactively, flexibly and planned to carry out offensive warfare in defensive warfare, quick-decision warfare in protracted warfare and external warfare in internal warfare; coordination with regular warfare; establishment of base areas; Strategic defense and strategic offense; development to mobile warfare; correct command relationship. The article also describes in detail the methods and means of how to implement these six principles, and finally points out: these six are the strategic principles of the entire anti-Japanese guerrilla war, which aim to preserve and develop oneself, destroy and expel the enemy, cooperate with regular warfare, and strive for the ultimate goal. necessary path to victory. The article "Strategic Issues in the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War" played an important role in unifying and improving the understanding of the strategic position of the whole Party and the whole army in the anti-Japanese guerrilla war, and in promoting the rapid development of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war. This article is included in the second volume of Selected Works of Mao Zedong.
1939年5月30日
Mao Zedong speaks at the Model Youth Award Conference held by the Northwest Youth Salvation Congress. The speech pointed out: Twenty years ago, the youth who participated in the May 4th Movement in Beijing were true model youth, because they opposed the traitorous government, shed blood during the May Fourth Movement, and participated in that struggle. Many revolutionary youths at that time later became Communist Party members.China's youth movement has a very good revolutionary tradition, and this tradition is "permanent struggle". Our Communist Party has inherited this tradition, it has been passed down now, and it will continue to be passed down in the future. What is a model youth? It is to have a perpetual struggle. This is the most important one, without this one, everything is empty. How much have you struggled? We say: to struggle forever is to struggle to the death. This perpetual struggle is very important. If we want to talk about morality, we should talk about this morality. A model youth should be a model in this regard. Of course, there must be a correct political direction, but this correct political direction is not enough. After we have the correct political direction, we must be firm, that is to say, we must have a "firm and correct political direction." This direction is unshakable, and we must adhere to this direction with the backbone of "the rich and the noble cannot be promiscuous, the poor and the lowly cannot be moved, and the mighty cannot be subdued". Such young people are the real model young people. This kind of morality is the real political morality. The model young people here today must fight against the anti-communist elements, oppose compromise and surrender, and oppose anti-communism. Model youth, you must remember this - "Striving Forever".
1945年5月30日
Zhu De made the conclusion of his report on military issues at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Regarding Mao Zedong's military thought, he pointed out: Mao Zedong's military thought has gone through two stages of civil war and war of resistance, and this kind of thought has been completed and matured. Mao Zedong's military thought is the Sinicization of Marxism. The Chinese people need armed struggle. There are many peasants in China, and armed forces are peasant armed forces. It can also be said that most of the thoughts on the agrarian revolution were produced by Mao Zedong's thoughts.
1947年5月30日
Xinhua News Agency published Mao Zedong's comments on the current situation.The comments pointed out: Chiang Kai-shek's government, which is the enemy of the whole people, has now found itself in the siege of the whole people. Whether on the military front or on the political front, Chiang Kai-shek's government was defeated, surrounded by forces it proclaimed to be the enemy, and could not think of a way to escape. There are already two fronts in China. The war between Chiang Kai-shek's invading army and the People's Liberation Army was the first front. Now a second front has emerged, which is the sharp struggle between the great and just student movement and the reactionary government of Chiang Kai-shek. The slogan of the student movement is to beg for food, for peace, and for freedom, that is, against hunger, against civil war, and against persecution. The student movement is part of the whole people's movement. The upsurge of the student movement inevitably promotes the upsurge of the entire people's movement. The historical experience of the past May Fourth Movement and the January 29 Movement has shown this. Military repression and political deception, the two main tools Chiang Kai-shek used to maintain his reactionary rule, have now been seen to rapidly go bankrupt. Chiang Kai-shek's army was defeated no matter which battlefield it was in. In a total of eleven months from July last year to the present, about ninety brigades have been wiped out by the regular army alone. As news of Chiang Kai-shek's army's defeat at the front spread to the rear more and more, the broad masses of the people, who were oppressed by Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary government, felt increasingly hopeful that they could make a comeback. It was at this time that all the political deceptions of Chiang Kai-shek quickly went bankrupt due to Chiang Kai-shek's quick performance. All events proved our estimation correct. We have repeatedly pointed out to people that the Chiang Kai-shek government is nothing but a government of traitorous civil war dictatorship. This government wants to use the means of civil war to flatten the CCP and all democratic forces, so as to achieve the goal of turning China into a colony of the United States and maintaining its own dictatorship.Because of these reactionary policies, this government has become politically discredited and powerless. The strength of Chiang Kai-shek's government is only temporary and superficial. Its attacks can be defeated, wherever and on any front. Its future is bound to be the betrayal of the people and the annihilation of the entire army. All events have proved and will continue to prove the correctness of these estimates. The development of the incident in China was faster than expected. On the one hand, the victory of the People's Liberation Army, on the other hand, is the advance of the people's struggle in the Jiang-administered area, and the speed is very fast. In order to build a peaceful, democratic and independent new China, the Chinese people should quickly prepare all necessary conditions. This commentary is titled "The Chiang Kai-shek government is already under siege by the whole people" and is included in the fourth volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong".
May 30, 2014
When Xi Jinping participated in the celebration of the International Children's Day on June 1 at the Minzu Primary School in Haidian District, Beijing, he emphasized that children are the future of the motherland and the hope of the Chinese nation. All parties must work together to let the seeds of socialist core values take root in the hearts of children and truly nurture them. He pointed out that the progress of a nation's civilization and the development and growth of a country require the continuous efforts of generations. If the Chinese nation wants to move forward, it must inherit and carry forward our national spirit and excellent national culture, especially the traditional virtues contained in it, according to the conditions of the times. The socialist core values we advocate embody the thoughts of ancient sages, the long-cherished wishes of people with lofty ideals, and the ideals of revolutionary martyrs. Special attention should be paid to starting with young children.
He pointed out that it is the responsibility of families, schools, Young Pioneers organizations and the whole society to cultivate the core socialist values among children. Parents should set an example for their children at all times, and educate and guide their children with correct actions, correct thoughts, and correct methods. Pay attention to observe the changes of children's thoughts and behaviors, and be good at teaching children to appreciate the truth, the good and the beautiful, and stay away from the false and ugly from the little things. The school should put moral education in a more important position, comprehensively strengthen the construction of school spirit and teacher morality, follow the characteristics of children and children, and strive to make every class not only spread knowledge, but also impart virtues, and every activity is not only healthy physically and mentally, but also cultivates temperament. The Young Pioneers must persist in carrying out organizational education, independent education, and practical activities, so as to unite, educate, and lead the majority of children. The whole society must understand children, respect children, care for children, serve children, and provide a good social environment for children. Words and deeds that damage the rights and interests of children and their physical and mental health must be resolutely prevented and cracked down in accordance with the law.
Review of the Party History
1925
On May 30, Shanghai students and other representatives of the masses held anti-imperialist demonstrations and gave speeches. The concessions patrolled and opened fire to suppress them, killing 13 people and injuring dozens of others, resulting in the "May 30 Massacre". That night, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened an emergency meeting again and decided to organize an action committee to establish a united front of all classes to launch workers' strikes, students' strikes, and businessmen's strikes to protest the imperialists' massacre of the Chinese people.
2014
On May 30, the executive meeting of the State Council decided to conduct the first comprehensive inspection of the implementation of the policies and measures that have been issued. Since then, the State Council has carried out major inspections every year. On April 22, 2019, the State Council's "Internet + Supervision" platform was officially launched.
2016
From May 30th to June 3rd, the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference, the 18th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 13th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 9th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology were held. Xi Jinping emphasized that we must adhere to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, accelerate scientific and technological innovation in various fields, grasp the opportunities of global scientific and technological competition, and build a world power in science and technology.
2018
On May 30, the State Council issued the "Notice on Establishing the Central Adjustment System of Basic Endowment Insurance Funds for Enterprise Employees".
Historical Moment
On May 30, 1925, the anti-imperialist and patriotic May 30 Movement broke out in Shanghai, setting off a nationwide upsurge of revolution.
Party History Hundred Questions Hundred Answers
How important is the role of the Party's "Central Revolutionary Military Commission" in history?
Looking through the party history documents, we found that in the middle and late stages of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the "Central Military Commission" and the "Central Revolutionary Military Commission" once co-existed. As we all know, the Party's Central Military Commission is the highest organ for the Party to lead military work. Then, why did the "China Revolutionary Military Commission" coexist with the "Central Military Commission", and what important role did it play in history?
After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communist Party began to independently create armed forces and lead the armed struggle. According to the needs of the rapid development of the national revolutionary situation, in March 1930, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to change the name of the Central Military Department to the Central Military Commission, and to unify all the command power of the National Workers and Peasants' Red Army under the Central Military Commission.
The former site of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic
On January 15, 1931, in order to strengthen the leadership and work guidance of the Soviet area across the country, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area, under which the Central Revolutionary Military Committee was established.In November of the same year, the First National Congress of Soviets was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi, and the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established. According to the resolution of the First National Congress of Soviets and the order of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviets, on November 25, established the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Republic, referred to as the "Central Revolutionary Military Commission".
Seal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission
The Central Revolutionary Military Commission has a presidium consisting of a chairman, a vice-chairman, a secretary-general and a technical secretary. It was originally the Military Medical Office), the General Military Station Department, the General Mobilization Department, etc. Zhu De was the chairman, Wang Jiaxiang and Peng Dehuai were the vice-chairmen, and 15 members including Mao Zedong were members of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Although the China Revolutionary Military Commission is subordinate to the Chinese Soviet Central Government in its organizational system, it is under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area, and actually has the powers of the Central Military Commission. Under the command and control of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. "
At this time, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China still exists in Shanghai, chaired by Zhou Enlai, Nie Rongzhen, etc., mainly responsible for the military work of the Chinese Communist Party in the Bai area, and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission in the Soviet area, The main Red Army's operations and other major decision-making guidance, but do not directly command the Red Army's combat operations. Subsequently, due to the increasingly severe situation in Shanghai, the Central Military Commission was unable to work normally. The Central Military Commission gradually began to become the highest command organ of the Workers and Peasants' Red Army, managing the organization, education and training of the Workers and Peasants' Red Army in the revolutionary base area, and commanding the combat operations of the Workers and Peasants' Red Army. As Nie Rongzhen, the then chief of staff of the CPC Central Military Commission in Shanghai, said: "By November 1931, the Central Military Commission established in the central revolutionary base area, and the Red Army of the whole country was under its command, which was different from the earlier military commissions."
In addition, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission also often issued circulars to the Red Army across the country, promulgated regulations, and instructed the Red Army in each Soviet area to strengthen the construction of its troops. Mao Zedong pointed out: "The establishment of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission unifies the leadership of the National Red Army, so that each Soviet area will be strengthened. The Red Army troops on the front began to act in concert with each other under the unified strategic will. This was an important key to moving from the actions of the loose guerrillas to the actions of regular and large Red Army units. "
However, when the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was established, the National Red Army was still divided and surrounded by the Kuomintang army. , Although the Central Revolutionary Military Commission leads the National Red Army in name, it is actually difficult to truly achieve unified leadership and command of the entire army, and more direct command of the Central Red Army. In Shanghai, the Executive Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Executive Military Commission were established, which were subsequently destroyed. In May of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to increase Bo Gu and Xiang Ying as members of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. After that, the work of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was actually carried out by Bo Gu, Hosted by Xiang Ying.
In September 1933, Li De (German, formerly Otto Braun), a military adviser sent by the Comintern, arrived in the Central Soviet Area, and with the support of Bo Gu, the chief executive of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, took control of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. In October 1934, after the fifth anti-encirclement campaign in the Central Soviet Area failed, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission began the Long March with the Central Red Army.
In January 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi to elect Mao Zedong as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. , Zhou Enlai was the person in charge of the final determination to command the military entrusted by the party.
After that, when the Red Army was in the middle of the war, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee divided the labor and decided to use Mao Zedong as Zhou Enlai's facilitator in military command. In view of the rapidly changing combat situation and the need for centralized command, in mid-March, a new "three-member regiment" composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Jiaxiang was established to direct the military operations of the entire army. In a war environment, this is the most important central leadership agency.
After the three main forces of the Red Army joined forces, in order to strengthen the centralized and unified command of the entire army, on December 7, 1936, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was expanded to 23 members, including Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Guotao, Peng Dehuai, Ren Bishi, He Long and other 7 people. Formed the Presidium of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, with Mao Zedong as the chairman and Zhou Enlai and Zhang Guotao as the vice-chairmen.
On July 7, 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out. In order to establish an anti-Japanese national united front, the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet was changed to the Special Administrative Region Government of the Republic of China.
Luochuan Meeting Site
From August 22 to 24, the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Fengjia Village, Luochuan, Shaanxi Province. In order to strengthen the Party's absolute leadership over the military under the new situation, the meeting decided on the 22nd to establish a new Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, referred to as the "Central Military Commission", with Mao Zedong as the secretary (later renamed the chairman), Zhu De and Zhou Enlai as the deputy secretaries ( later renamed Vice-President). Since then, the Central Military Commission has been officially replaced by the Central Military Commission.
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