Since the change of Jingkang (1127), the Southern Song Dynasty established by Lamphun has always been under the constant impact and high pressure of the northern nomads. Today, although the Jurchens are subjugated, the Mongolians who continue to go south are even more elite and deadly.
In the first year of Deyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1275), facing the Mongols who were coming to the city, Lin'an was in chaos. With the two prime ministers Chen Yizhong and Liu Mengyan as the leaders, the officials of the empire abandoned their posts and fled for their lives. The 66-year-old Queen Mother Xie Daoqing discovered that she and the 4-year-old Song Gongdi Zhao 㬎 (xiǎn) were lonely and helpless, and no one was available in the empire.
At this time, the precarious Southern Song court remembered Wen Tianxiang, a low-level civil servant who had offended the power official Jia Sidao because of his loyalty and was demoted out of the court. Jingshi.
But when Wen Tianxiang returned to the Phoenix Mountain imperial city in Lin'an, he found that almost no one came to the court. Apart from him, there were only a few low-level officials, and the elderly empress dowager Xie Daoqing who stood respectfully and respectfully stood there, and The 5-year-old Song Gongdi Zhao 㬎 is around. Xie Daoqing, the empress dowager who was unavailable, had to issue an decree and appointed Wen Tianxiang as the prime minister and secret envoy of the right, and was solely responsible for negotiations with Boyan, the chief of the Yuan Army outside the city.
In Wen Tianxiang's view, he was a high school champion at the age of 20. At the age of 39, he became the king of soldiers as the Zhizhou of Ganzhou. Now he is temporarily appointed as prime minister in times of crisis. He is even more responsible for his family and the world. A noble responsibility from the heart.
Wen Tianxiang, on behalf of the Southern Song Dynasty court, went out of the city to negotiate. Faced with the arrogant Yuan army commander Boyan, Wen Tianxiang did not cowardly retreat and insisted on fighting and debating with Boyan. Boyan became angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be detained and locked up. This day is the 24th day of the first lunar month in the second year of Deyou (1276). Ten days later, the Southern Song Dynasty court surrendered to the Yuan Army in Lin'an.
As a result, Wen Tianxiang was escorted northward by Mongolian soldiers, but escaped southward on the way, and went to Fuzhou after nine deaths. At this time, it was 7-year-old Zhao Shi who became the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fuzhou.It was Song Duanzong. At this time, Wen Tianxiang was again entrusted with an important task, and he was appointed to the Privy Council as Prime Minister You. Deeply favored by the emperor, he continued to organize volunteers to resist the Mongolian soldiers, but when his wives, concubines and children were captured, he was also arrested again in Haifeng, Guangdong.
Later, facing the coercion and temptation of the Mongolian soldiers, he would rather die than surrender. When he was escorted by the Yuan army to chase the Song army, he wrote the eternally famous "Crossing Dingyang":
After the beginning, there are few stars around. The mountains and rivers are broken, the wind is fluttering, the life experience is ups and downs, and the life experience is ups and downs. Anxious on the beach, sighs and sighs. No one has died since ancient times, and keeps his loyalty."
Wen Tianxiang said, in retrospect, I went through a lot of hardships from the imperial examination in the early years, and now it has been four years of hardships since the wars have disappeared. The country is in danger like catkins in the gusty wind, and the ups and downs of my life are like duckweed in the rain, drifting without roots, rising and sinking from time to time. The fiasco of Panic Beach makes me still panicked, but I've been sighed that I've been trapped in prisons in the ocean, and I've been lonely and helpless ever since. Since ancient times, people will inevitably die! If you can be loyal to your country, you will still be able to illuminate the future and leave your name in history.
This poem is full of sadness and sorrow. It sighs the country’s fortunes and sighs at itself, rendering the hatred of the family and the country, the hardships and difficulties to the extreme, but in the last sentence, it grows from sorrow to strength, from depression to prosperity, and bursts out " Life has never been dead since ancient times. The verse is impassioned and vigorous, showing the poet's national integrity and life-and-death view of life and death with his majestic momentum and high-pitched tone.
The first couplet of the poem "It's hard to come up with it, but there are few stars around it." The author reviews the main experiences of his life. In a nutshell, there are two major events. One is to be selected by the emperor and enter the official career after the imperial examination. Second, at the time when the Yuan army invaded and the Song Dynasty was in danger, in response to the imperial court’s call for the "King of Qin", in the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), he used all his belongings to charge for the army, raised troops to fight against the Yuan, and spent the fourth month in frequent battle year. In the past four years, he was born and died, and in order to save the danger, he tried his best and worked hard to support him.But the situation is getting more and more critical. At this time, most of the Southern Song Dynasty had fallen into the enemy's hands, and he was defeated and captured. Seeing that the general situation is gone, the poet can't help but feel sad.
"Mountains and rivers are broken, wind and fluttering, life experience ups and downs and rain beats." The two sentences are expanded and narrated in depth from both the country and the individual. Since the Song Dynasty abandoned Lin'an, Gongdi Zhao 㬎 was captured, and in fact has already perished. All that is left is that the local military and civilians automatically organize themselves to resist. Duanzong Zhao Yu, supported by Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and others, died of horror while fled. Lu Xiufu, who was eight years old, rebuilt Zhao Bing's palace in Yashan and went into exile everywhere. Describing this situation with broken mountains and rivers, and adding "wind fluttering", the image is even more vivid. At this time, Wen Tianxiang's mother was captured, his wives and concubines were imprisoned, and his eldest sons were lost. It was really like duckweed on the water, with no attachments.
Neck link "Fears on the beach and talks with fear, but sighs in the ocean." The two lines of poetry chose two typical examples in the battle experience to describe what he encountered and felt. They also vividly reflect that the poet has been prepared for hardships and dangers and has gone through a dangerous and difficult combat career. "Fear on the beach, say fear," traces the battle with the Yuan army in Jiangxi two years ago, and finally failed because of the enemy's widows and retreated from the panic beach to Fujian. At that time, he was facing the danger of annihilation of the entire army and the danger of crossing the sea. As the commander-in-chief of the army, he is particularly worried. "Ling Ding Yang Li sighed in the small" writing this time failed again, the entire army was annihilated, and he fell into the hands of the Yuan army, and now after the Ling Ding Yang, the past emerges in front of you, not only with deep emotion and worry, but also loneliness and loneliness The sense of.
slogan "No one has died in life since ancient times, and keeps his loyalty and history." When faced with personal life and death and national righteousness, the author believed that: Through the ages, people are inevitable to die for salvation. The motherland dies, sacrifices one's life for justice, a piece of loyalty will hang down in the annals of history and reflect the ages. These two passionate and generous poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for justice and fully embodies his national integrity. The whole poem has also become a masterpiece of a generation because of these two sentences ending, a Zhuang song through the ages.
This poem is a famous poem that permeates Changhong and enlightens future generations.In particular, "No one has died in life since ancient times, and keeps his loyalty and history" has influenced generations of patriots and the general public. It is said that Zhang Hongfan saw Wen Tianxiang's poem, especially the two lines at the end, and said: "A good man, a good poem!" It is true that Wen Tianxiang integrated poetry with being a man, poetry style and personality. The singular song of the ages and the high sentiment have profound enlightenment and far-reaching influence on future generations. It has inspired and inspired countless people of lofty ideals throughout the ages to dedicate their lives to justice.
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