There are hundreds of scholars in ancient times, among which the most famous is Legalists, with Guan Zhong, Shili, Zichan, Li Tiao, Wu Qi, Shang Yang, Shen Dao, Shen Buhu, Le Yi_ represented by span4span , legalists advocate an important school with the rule of law as the core idea, and take as its mission. Legalists also derive a lot of torture. According to legalists, torture is a means of prohibiting crime. Once a crime is banned, there will be "no punishment" on that day. Everyone is afraid of the harsh criminal law and naturally dare not commit a crime. The national policy of the Qin Dynasty was to follow the legalist policy theory. Qin State There were many tortures at that time, and with the changes of the times, many tortures of the Qin State at that time still existed in later dynasties. Xiao Nan will take you today to take a look at the twelve major tortures in feudal society. In ancient China, where civilization was not yet civilized, the torture that was used to punish human bodies was more cruel than the other!
1. Span2span Lingchi
The most cruel punishment of was first seen in 2 in the vulgar society in ancient times. one. Liao was the first country to include Ling Chi in its criminal law. Subsequent Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing laws all included the penalty of Ling Chi. Ling Chi used a total of 3357 dollars, and the last cut must be to stabbing the criminal to death to be considered successful, and the previous 3356 dollars did not allow the criminal to die. The famous anti-Qing general in history Yuan Chonghuan , because the emperor Chongzhen at that time believed in the countermeasures and mistakenly believed that Yuan Chonghuan was treason with the enemy, and the emperor Chongzhen ordered Ling Chi to be executed.Before the execution, he used fishing nets (fishing nets would make the muscles protrude and make the knife easier), and then paraded him to the public. At that time, the ignorant people in Beijing rushed up to bite Yuan Chonghuan’s meat piece by piece. In that environment, The physical pain is far less than the psychological pain, and the people rush to eat Yuan Chonghuan's meat! Generally speaking, the penalty of Ling Chi is mainly aimed at criminals who seriously endanger the order and interests of the ruling class.
2. Cracked car
The cracked car was called the shaft or shaft in ancient times. "_Span4span Zhouli · Qiuguan · langs " said: "Owed to say car 轘 ." span also said that "strong_span car cracked" span said that the car also said that "strong1span2 " said _Span4span "It can be seen that as early as the Zhou Dynasty, the car splitting punishment , commonly known as five cows divided by corpses or five horses divided by corpses, tied the head and limbs of a person to five carts and put on horses Pull them in different directions, so that the person's body is torn into five pieces, so it is called a car crack. Sometimes, a car is not used to execute this sentence, but five bulls or horses are used to pull them directly. It takes a lot of effort to chop off a person's head and limbs, let alone pulling. The physical suffering of the tortured person is even more conceivable. When it is really torn apart, I am afraid that the victim will no longer feel pain. The pain is when it is being pulled. In history, the Shang Yang died when the car broke,During the Western Han Dynasty, Peng Yue was also cracked by a car. When people in ancient times talked about the punishment of cracking a car, they talked about the discoloration of the tiger, which shows how cruel punishment was at that time.
3. Waist cut
This kind of punishment has appeared in Zhou Dynasty, and it was not abolished until the beginning of Yongzheng. Divided into two. Later, in order to make executions more convenient, guillotines were used. For example, Bao Qingtian, which we often see, has tiger head guillotine and dog head guillotine. The waist cut is particularly cruel, because our human internal organs are all in the upper body. After the waist is cut off, people will not die immediately, and it will take a long time to breathe. Speaking of beheading, many celebrities in history were also beheaded, such as Li Si, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty, Chao Cuo from the Western Han Dynasty, and Fang Xiaoru from the Ming Dynasty. According to the records of wild history, after Fang Xiaoru was cut in the waist for opposing Zhu Di, he kept crawling on the ground with his arms, and he died after writing twelve "miserable" characters in his own blood.
IV. Punishment
[yuè] is one of the punishments in ancient China. It is usually one of the ancient Chinese tortures. It is also called _spanspan 4 Cut off the victim's left and right feet. In Xia dynasty, torture was called mutton, Zhou dynasty was called 刖, and Qin dynasty was called cutting toe. There is also a saying that torture is to cut off the kneecap ( patella ) so that the prisoner cannot stand. Persecution is one of the five previous tortures in the Sui Dynasty. It belongs to the corporal punishment ; it is also referred to as one of the ten major tortures in the Manchu dynasty. Penalty is different from punishment. Petting refers to the removal of the kneecap. During the Warring States period, the famous military strategist Sun Bin was tortured for this and changed the name " Sun Bin " _strong _strong _strong 4The torture refers to cutting off both feet. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the discoverers of He Chobi, and , were executed.
5. tattooed face
tattooed face, also known as tattooing and ink on the face. Compared with 劓, palace, 刖, and killing, the ink punishment is obviously the slightest. However, this kind of punishment also hurts skin, flesh and even muscles and bones. The tattooed words are permanent. This kind of punishment will be applied to prominent parts of the body. It will not only cause physical pain, but also make people suffer a huge heart. humiliation. For example, in "Span2span Water Margin ", the faces of Song Jiang, Lin Chong, Wu Song and others were tattooed. When the ink penalty was originally stipulated as a penalty, it was executed with a knife instead of acupuncture, which was adopted by later generations. Human facial nerves are extremely sensitive, and you can imagine the pain of prisoners when they are tattooed. Due to wound infections, some prisoners will also die from tattoos.
Six, skinning
skinning, hearing it, it makes people brutal than the official punishment _ is not less brutal than the official punishment _ The death penalty way inside. However, it has indeed been used many times in history, and is seen in historical records. When peeling, use the spine to cut the back skin in half with one knife, slowly separate the skin and the muscles with the knife, and tear it apart like a butterfly spreads its wings.The hardest thing is to be fat, because there is a pile of fat between the skin and muscles, which is not easy to separate. The movie " Ten Great Tortures of Manchu Dynasty " describes another stripping method, whose credibility is unknown. The method is to bury the person in the soil with only one head exposed, cut a cross on the top of the head with a knife, and after pulling the scalp apart, pour mercury into it. Because of the high density of mercury, it will pull the muscles and the skin apart. People buried in the soil will writhe in pain and cannot break free. In the end, the body will "smooth" from the top of the head Climbing out, there is only one piece of skin left in the soil. After the skin is peeled off, it is made into a double-sided drum, which is hung on the at the gate of . The earliest peeling was done after death, and later developed into alive peeling.
seven, all five punishments
called all five punishments refers to beheaded , cut off the feet , cut hand , eye-gouging , Cutting ears in one, that is, " removes eight pieces of ", usually after kills ,Then he chopped off the head, hands and feet, and then chopped the torso into three pieces. This method is quite similar to car split , but there are still subtle differences. After the death of the Han emperor Liu Bang, who founded the Han Dynasty, Empress Lu grabbed his concubine , Mrs. Qi, chopped off his hands and feet, cut off her nose, ears and tongue, and dug out her eyes, forcing her to drink the dumb medicine. Mrs. Qi said no After he came out, the evil-hearted Queen Lu was not enough, and asked someone to smoke Madam Qi’s ears, and then threw them in the pigpen to feed them, named " people 彘" . Later, Lv Hou Chuan asked the supervisor to lead his son (Hui Emperor Liu Ying) to see the wife who was made "人彘" , Han Huidi Liu Ying Yinshen This shock made him almost fainted on the spot, and he couldn't help but lose his voice: "The matter of human beings is not done by human beings. Madam Qi has been with the emperor for many years. How can she make her so miserable? The minister is the queen dowager and cannot be cured. The world!" became seriously ill after returning to the palace. From then on, he drank and had fun day and night, no longer involved in government affairs, and soon died.
8. constricted head
in the first foreign country, also known as the strangulation Hanging is a commonly used penalty. The hanging of the Chinese is to hang the bow with a bowstring, which means putting the bow around the victim’s neck. The bowstring faces forward, and the executioner begins to rotate the bow behind. As the bow turns tighter and tighter, the victim’s anger becomes less and less. Slowly breathe out. The famous Yue Fei father and son died at wind wave pavilion because of hanging their heads, (because he is a hero, he can't beheaded, he needs to keep the whole body) 4 and the king of span_span was also exiled in the late Ming Dynasty 吴三桂 hanged himself.
9. Cooking
Cooking is one of the cooking methods, which is to put food in a large pot of boiling water. It often refers to a type of torture in ancient times, in which prisoners are put to death in a wok filled with boiling water and hot oil, which is boiled or fried in a large cauldron to execute the punishment , also called cooking punishment, wok cooking , tripod Cooking etc. There is an idiom called "please enter the urn". When Wu Zetian was the emperor, there was a torturous official who called Lai Junchen. This person especially liked severe punishments, and often used the torture he inflicted to punish disobedient prisoners. The method is to find a big urn, throw people in, and then use fire to heat the bottom continuously. As the temperature in the urn gets higher and higher, if the victim refuses to confess, he will be burned alive in the big urn. Urn. Later Wu Zetian heard that Lai Junchen was particularly talented in interrogating prisoners.So he called Lai Junchen, and Lai Junchen proudly said his own method. After Wu Zetian heard it, he said lightly: "If this is the case, then please enter the urn." Then Lai Junchen was also burned to death. According to historical records, when the ancestor of Zhou, Sibo, was imprisoned in Yili , Sibo’s son Bo Yikao was taken hostage in Yindu , and was the husband of king . . King Zhou put the Bo Yi test in a big pot "cooked into soup" and gave it to Sibo. Sibo didn't know it was human meat soup, so he ate it. King Zhou triumphantly said to others: "Who said that Sibo is a saint? He ate his son's meat soup and don't know yet!" This is the earliest example of ancient cooking people.
X. Palace punishment
palace punishment, Han konganguo 1 punishment of the palace, the second palace punishment of the woman, "span4span _span 2span" . Palace punishment is for both men and women, and there is no need to say more about men. The imperial punishment for women was certain, and at least it was still applied to women in the Ming Dynasty. But the implementation method,The opinions are different and more complicated. The famous historical celebrity Sima Qian wrote historical records only after he was tortured. Generally, after the palace sentence is over, some people will take the incense ash to stop the bleeding, and insert a goose feather into the urethra. After waiting for a few days to remove the goose feathers, if the urine comes out, the castration is considered successful. If you cannot urinate, you will eventually die of uremia.
11. Buried alive
Buried alive is a commonly used method in wars and is generally used for mass killings. During the war, the prisoners of war were buried alive. Sometimes the prisoners were killed before they were pushed down, but when time was not enough, they were pushed directly to cover the soil. Buried alive has been there since ancient times, but few celebrities have been punished like this. In the typical Warring States period, Qin general became white and was buried alive in one shot. Zhao Guo killed 400,000 soldiers. Qin Shihuang 's confucianism action is only a little bit insignificant.
12. The poisonous poison
Among the poisons in ancient China, the most famous poison is "drinking poison", which is the "drinking poison to quench thirst". Here. Often used to grant death, poison is probably the more humane method among the twelve great tortures. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, poison has been used as a means of murder. In 656 BC, Jin Xiangong's favorite concubine Li Ji attempted to murder the prince Shensheng ,She put the poison into the wine, put the viola (a poisonous weed) into the meat, and let Shen Sheng eat it. Shen Sheng hadn’t touched his lips, and the father-in-law came, and he sprinkled the wine on the ground to pay homage to the ancestors. Blow up a big bag. Shen Sheng discovered Li Ji's conspiracy and was very frightened, so he ran away from the palace and hanged himself soon. Although Shen Sheng did not directly die of poison, but according to historical records, the toxicity of poison wine is really daunting.
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