1. Content overview
"Why am I living" is an essay on the thoughts of the British philosopher Russell , and is an essay about the ultimate question of life. During the writing process, the author devoted himself to some philosophy propositions such as life and the value of life, and gave his own answers in his thinking. The whole text is short, distinct, and full of rational power. The broad feelings of the thinker and noble personality charm are revealed between the lines. The desire for love, the pursuit of knowledge, and the unstoppable sympathy for human difficulties are the author's goals for life. Although this article only has five short paragraphs, as a reasoning prose, in addition to its characteristics of prose being dispersed in form and spirit, it also has its own characteristics.
1. Use direct reasoning to express your thoughts directly, and it is concise and clear. This article is a model work of philosophical prose, which touches people's hearts with its inner ideological power and is impressed by its lofty intentions.
2. A concise and philosophical language. The writing is both rigorously logical and has a strong emotional color, and is good at using rhetorical techniques such as metaphors. The language is expressive and vivid and touching. For example, these three emotions are like hurricanes, blowing me around in the deep sea of suffering, and blowing to the brink of despair, vividly expressing the impact of the three pursuits on me.
3. The broad feelings and lofty personal charm of thinker Russell are revealed between the lines. Learning is for thinking, and thinking grows after thinking. When students think about their own goals of living and their minds are inspired, it is undoubtedly the best result of the text and teaching influencing people's thoughts.
2. Unit positioning
The four essays in this unit represent four different types of essays. This article is a classic work of argumentative prose and philosophical prose. Reasoning prose often contains emotion in reason and reason in emotion, giving people philosophical inspiration and emotional influence. The author of this article starts from phenomena and personal feelings, and advances to explain the philosophy layer by layer, explores the profound meaning behind things, reveals the philosophy of life and life in essence, and shows the author's thoughts on life and life to the world. In terms of class type, this article is a self-reading text, requiring students to learn independently based on learning teaching texts, and under the inspiration of the teacher, with the help of side reading prompt reference books, understand the author's philosophy under the simple and passionate language, and improve their literary literacy.
3. Learning goals
As mentioned in the previous article, this article is a rational prose. The author's passionate and philosophical language embodies the author's thinking. The author's understanding of the goal of living and the reason for the line is permeated between the lines. After reading it, it attracts people's thoughts, allowing students to have their own little understanding of such deep issues in the process of growth. The value of text and teaching are reflected here.
1.Clear the ideas of the article, understand the central point of view, and understand the philosophy contained in it. This is a foreign literary work, and the expression is different from that of Chinese works. Clarifying the ideas will help you grasp the structure of the article, understand the central point of view, and understand the philosophy contained in it.
2. Experience the concise and philosophical language of the article. The writing is both rigorously logical and has a strong emotional color. It is good at using metaphors and other rhetorical techniques, and its language is expressive and vivid and touching. For example, "These three emotions are like hurricanes, blowing me around in the deep sea of suffering, blowing to the brink of despair." This vividly expresses the impact of the three pursuits on me.
3. Feel Russell's broad feelings and lofty personal charm, and inspire students to establish a correct outlook on life and values. After learning, I have thoughts and the theme of how I should live. Teachers and students discuss this major life issue together and think deeply about their outlook on life and values.
4. Learning method
This is a self-reading text. When teaching, you should fully reflect the typical characteristics of self-reading text. The focus of self-reading texts is on students' thinking and preventing two extreme tendencies. One is to equate the articles to read the texts with teachers as the main ones and students as the supplement; the other is to let them read them casually, and fail to achieve the expected learning results.The study of this article mainly runs through three activities throughout the text teaching, and goes deeper layer by layer. Students cooperate in discussions, analyze texts in cooperation, and discuss why people live in cooperation.
Chinese literacy is penetrated into it.
5. Learning process
combines the text characteristics, learning goals, class characteristics, etc. of this article. In order to let students better understand this rational prose, the learning process of this article can be developed from the following aspects
1. Search for information to understand Russell's main life, achievements and spiritual world. Russell is a writer who is both familiar and unfamiliar to my Chinese students. The students know very little about Russell's life experience, spiritual world, and the ideological and artistic nature of literary works, and these are the essential knowledge backgrounds for in-depth study of this article. The information about famous quotes about living is conducive to students' accumulation and also helps students have a deeper understanding of the texts they are taught later. It is not only conducive to enriching accumulation, but also has a certain understanding of the author and the background of this article.
2. Improperty imports, which triggers thinking. Before class, teachers and students read a short poem by Hungarian poet Petofi, Student: Life is precious, love is more expensive, if it is for freedom, both can be abandoned. The receiver quoted a famous quote and pointed out that people with different goals in life also have different meanings of life. This can not only stimulate students' interest and think, but also narrow the distance with students, but also allow students to enter the text and lay a solid foundation for the following teaching.
3. Read the text for the first time and clarify the ideas of the article. Students read the text circles, outline the context and main content of the article, and guide students to summarize the text from the following aspects: First, the content of the whole text and the reasons why I was alive, the structure and context of the article, and the emotions hidden between the lines of the article. Teachers and students summarize the ideas and structure of the text. First, ask questions, then analyze the questions, explain the three reasons for my life, and finally summarize the full text. The author uses the two words "pure and strong" to describe these three emotions. They are the powerful spiritual driving force for the author to struggle throughout his long life.
4. Read the text carefully and explore "Why am I alive?" This link is carried out in the form of an activity. Activity preparation students are divided into three groups. Each group analyzes and discusses the author's pursuit throughout his life. The activity requires the teacher to present the activity tasks, and the members of each group actively participate in the discussion and guide students to discuss why I am alive based on the text, so that students can think about their own study and life. The three groups of questions are: the flower of love, the flower of knowledge, and the flower of compassion. During the student activities, teachers actively participate and give guidance at key points to finally form a conclusion. For example, in the author's eyes, love makes people's lives better, and pursuing love is the pursuit of the realm of life. Here, the author describes love extremely beautifully, shining with the brilliance of human nature. Regarding knowledge, understanding how numbers control all things, we understand the laws of the emergence, development, change and disappearance of all things in the world. By pursuing this knowledge, it seems that this is the mystery of the world, and to understand the true face of the entire human race and the pursuit of truth. Regarding compassion, Russell's greatness lies in his sympathy for human suffering. The people he sympathized with were not his relatives, but he devoted great enthusiasm for life to them and even sacrificed his own lives. This is the most reflective of a person's noble feelings. Finally, I ask, what is the internal connection between these pursuits and can the order be reversed? After the joint efforts of teachers and students, the unstoppable sympathy for human suffering is the real driving force for the pursuit of love and knowledge, and the degree of social responsibility is deeper.
5. Expansion and extension: How should I live? According to this article, learning guides students to ask their hearts: Why should we live? What kind of thinking and planning do you have for your life? For example, everyone's life pursuits are different. Even the same person will be different at different stages of life, but one thing is the same. Each of us bears responsibilities and we have the responsibility to live well, for ourselves and others. Then play the video to read the excerpt of Zhou Guoping "Responsible for Your Life".
6. Giving each other famous quotes, savoring articles, concise and philosophical language. Einstein once said that reading Russell's works is one of the pleasant things in my life. Please select the best sentences to give to your friends based on your reading experience and explain the reasons. This link is intended to guide students to grasp literature and art from the perspectives of rhetoric techniques and writing techniques, and then enter the text. Students think independently and fully respect students' subject and individual differences.
7. Summary
The ancients have always said: Establish a mind for the heaven and earth, establish a destiny for the living and the people, carry forward the unique knowledge for the past sages, and bring peace to the ages. People will not think that life is meaningful because they receive a lot of love, but they will affirm the value of life because they give a lot of love. I hope everyone can have a good heart, firmly grasp the knowledge and skills, take the world in mind, and work hard to create an ideal world that everyone pursues.
6. Summary and evaluation,
"Why am I alive" is a philosophical prose, which often contains emotion in reason, reason in emotion, and profound meaning. Through the previous study, the teacher guides students to summarize and sort out the text.
1. Use direct reasoning to express your thoughts directly, and it is concise and clear.
2. A concise and philosophical language.
3. Third, the broad feelings and lofty personal charm of thinker Russell are revealed between the lines.
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