The so-called description of scenery usually refers to the description of natural scenery, but also includes the description of social scenery, that is, the social environment. The description of scenery is very extensive, including mountains, rivers, land, wind, thunder, clouds, spring, summer, autumn and winter, morning and midnight... and the interlacing combination of these things constitute the object of description of scenery.
"Peach trees, apricot trees, pear trees, you don't let me, I don't let you, all flowers are blooming. The red ones are like fire, the pink ones are like clouds, and the white ones are like snow. The flowers have a sweet smell; when you close your eyes, the trees seem to be full of peaches, apricots, and pears. Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of all sizes are flying around. Wild flowers are everywhere: various, names, but without names, scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, and blinking." ( Zhu Ziqing "Spring")
It is not difficult to find that in this passage, the author writes about spring flowers from these aspects:
1. Describe spring flowers from three perspectives: vision, hearing, and taste.
2. The rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, personification, and parallelism vividly describe the characteristics of spring flowers. 3. Use the method of combining virtual and real, and combining movement and stillness to further enrich the connotation of the spring flower diagram. Along this idea, we can make further analysis: First, through direct observation of natural scenery, the experience and perception obtained by using vision, hearing, taste, etc.; Second, based on observation, supplemented by solid language accumulation, develop rich imagination and association, and appropriately use various rhetorical techniques; Third, starting from the perspective and level of our observation, in the writing process, the orderly combination expressed in accordance with the needs of literary and scientific and composition is the highlight of artistic techniques. Therefore, through the above analysis, we can draw a preliminary conclusion that to write a good scenery, students must be guided to master the following methods:
1. Grasp the characteristics of the scenery
There are no two identical leaves in the world, and the characteristics of the scenery are also different when the time is different. Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli said it well: "After all, in the middle of June, the scenery of West Lake is not the same as the four seasons." The texts in the third unit are written on the four seasons of the year: in spring, "the grass secretly emerges from the soil, tender and green"; in summer, "the thin grass on the hillside grows into a dense thick hair, and the faint green smoke on the forest belt also condenses into a dark Great Wall"; in autumn, "the grass is even wider with the sound of crickets"; in winter, "the snow is thicker in some places, and the grass is still exposed in some places", "one white, and the other dark yellow". The same plants and trees show different styles in different seasons. When Zhu Ziqing wrote "Spring", he first grasped the characteristics of spring mountains, spring water and spring, outlined it briefly, and vividly outlined the outline of the spring scenery. Then the pictures of spring grass, spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain and welcoming spring are thickly applied, and when drawing these pictures, they grasp their own different characteristics, and carefully describe the overall characteristics of spring's "new", "beauty" and "power".
grasping the characteristics of scenery is the prerequisite for writing such articles well. Students should be guided to observe the scenery carefully and keep the observation in mind. As the saying goes, "Stay and observe quietly, and be familiar with it in your heart." At the same time, the scenery should be compared in detail. The characteristics of scenery exist objectively. The main reason why some students describe the scenery is similar or even similar is that they do not carefully observe the scenery they write and are not good at discovering and grasping the characteristics of things through comparison methods. The successful and distinctive description of scenery is the result of the author's hard and meticulous observation and repeated comparison of the scenery he wrote. Therefore, students are required to be good at grasping the unique changes in the colors, shapes, sounds, smells, etc. of scenery present in different seasons, times, and regions during observation, so that they can grasp the characteristics of the scenery and describe them. To this end, we must pay attention to the characteristics of different seasons. There are four seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter in one year, and changes in seasons will cause changes in scenery. The scenery in each season has its own characteristics; second, pay attention to the characteristics of time changes. Some scenery often has its own characteristics at different times. Day, night, morning and dusk all paint different colors on the scenery; thirdly, pay attention to different characteristics of the climate.The landscapes displayed by the same scene in rain, wind, fog and snow are different. Fourth, pay attention to different geographical characteristics. The south, north, cities, rural areas, plateaus, flat lands, different regions have their own different scenic characteristics and must reflect the local colors. When Lu Xun guided the young author, he proposed: "The world environment is different now, and there must be local colors in art, so that it will not be the same." He also said: "Local colors can also increase the beauty and power of paintings. You will grow your own place, you are used to seeing it, or you don't think anything, but people in other places are unique."
2. Choose the right angle of description
dl2
dlb2
dlb6 2. Choose the right angle of description
dlb2
dlb0dlblb8
dlb6 2. Choose the right angle of description
dlb0dlblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblblb For the same scenery and the same attraction, the impression of the scenery obtained will also be different due to the different observation angles. To choose the perspective of description, you must first establish a good observation angle. Students should be guided to use the methods of observing the scenery at fixed points and moving points according to the needs of expression, either from a distance, close up, or looking up, or looking down, to observe and describe the unique appearance and style of the scenery.
1. Fixed-point observation: that is, the foothold of observing the scenery is fixed. The so-called foothold refers to the position people stand when observing things. We go to a scenic spot, fixed our foothold, and our vision rotates with our body and can move up and down and left and right. The description of the scenery has multiple angles: looking up, looking down, looking around and looking far, so that the scenery is written down layer by layer, so that the scenery is written clearly and vividly, giving readers an immersive feeling. When describing scenery using fixed-point observation, students should understand: First, pay attention to choosing the right foothold, where to best express the object and produce the best artistic effect, you should choose the foothold. Second, we must explain our foothold clearly.
2. Move and change the scenery: It means that the foothold changes with the changes in the whereabouts, and look at it while walking, wherever you go, wherever you see, and write down the scenery step by step. It is a continuity of fixed-point observation. When students use this method to write, they should first pay attention to clearly exchanging the changes of their footholds. If they are not explained clearly, it will make the reader fall into fog; second, they should pay attention to grasping the characteristics of the scenery and describe it, and cannot be written as a "flower account". On the one hand, the local scenery seen from different footholds should have their own characteristics. On the other hand, the local scenery combined must reflect the overall appearance and characteristics of the object of description, so that the description of the scenery can be successful.
3. Scattered observation: It is to select several scenic spots within a certain range to observe separately, and it is the scattered observation of fixed-point observation. Take " Winter in Jinan" by Laoshe as an example. The ancient Jinan has beautiful scenery and is known as "every family has a spring water, every household has willows" and "one city, a mountain is half a city and a lake". How can we better present these beautiful scenery to readers? This has a problem with the perspective of describing the landscape. Mr. Lao She first lets the readers take a bird's eye view of the whole city and get the whole picture (the second paragraph), and then lets the readers enjoy the mountains and the setting sun after the snow (the third and fourth paragraphs), and finally leads the readers to the weeping willow bank to appreciate the water scenery where "the water not only does not freeze, but it blew a little heat on the green duckweed" and the algae becomes greener the more clear the algae becomes (the fifth paragraph). As for each picture, it uses the description angle of fixed-point observation. In general, it uses the description angle of shifting scenery and scattered observation. This way, it is written from fixed point to moving point, from mountains to water, with clear layers and clear context. Naturally, this is about the major levels. Just from the perspective of each level, there are differences between the same. For example, when writing about Jinan under the sun from the perspective of looking down, and from the perspective of looking up, the mountain scenery under the light snow is stained with vivid brushwork and flexible changes.
3. Arrange the description order
You must also pay attention to the description order. Only when the description is appropriate can the description be clear, natural and harmonious, complex but not chaotic, and many but not complicated.
1. Describe the scenery in the order of the direction (i.e., spatial order).Each kind of scenery has its own location. We should ask students to choose a place to observe and describe the situation and style of the scenery in order from far to near (or from near to far), from inside to outside (or from outside to inside), so that the pictures of the scenery will unfold in an orderly manner. For example, when describing the scenery of "Winter in Jinan", it not only uses both far and near, but also uses both large and detailed, but also often goes from near to far, from thin to large, or from far to near, from large to detailed, and writes closely to promote nature. For example, the description of the landscape in the fifth paragraph is from near to far, from thin to large: first write about the water emitting a little heat, then write about the water algae, then write about the weeping willows, then write about the sky above the water surface and even in the air and in the sky. The fourth paragraph describes the scenery from far to near, from big to detailed: first write about outside the city, then the hillside outside the city, then the small village on the hillside, and then the snow on the roof of the village. This writing method not only meets the spatial order of the narrative, but also meets the readers' visual needs. Its distance and size are suitable for each place, so that the scenery can be as large as a hundred miles, or a small figure can be revealed.
2. Describe the scenery in the order of time changes (time order). Different seasons have different scenery. Even in different times, the colors, colors and conditions of the scenery will not be the same. Therefore, we must guide students to outline different pictures of the scenery as time goes by.
Like Zhu Ziqing in the Spring Rain Picture, he not only used the spatial order from the city to the outside of the city, but also used the chronological order from daytime to evening and then to to . He used both time and space to draw the "unique beauty" of the quiet and harmonious spring rain picture.
4. Cleverly use association, imagination and a variety of rhetorics
Zhu Ziqing's "Spring" is written to be joyful and intoxicating, and it can be described as a magical stroke, because the author combines observation with thinking activities such as association and imagination. From the fruit flowers in the orchard, he thinks "it seems that the tree is already full of peaches, apricots, and pears." Mr. Lao She's thinking is even more peculiar. He associates the scene of "white and dark yellow" mixed with snow and grass on the hillside outside Jinan City as "wearing a flower dress with water patterns for the mountains", and then imagines in a unique way that "this flower dress seems to be blown by the wind, making you want to see a more beautiful skin of the mountain". This way, from real to virtual, creates a new picture, makes the scenery more magical and beautiful, and makes the realm of the article deeper. This also mobilizes readers' imagination and makes people feel as if they are in the scene.
Associating the magical effect and effect of imagination. In actual teaching, students should be guided to carefully appreciate and learn from it. At the same time, they should be taught to continuously improve language literacy, enrich their vocabulary through reading accumulation, and learn the flexible use of various rhetorical techniques in the description of scenery.
When students study "Spring", they should let them see that the author writes about flowers, "You don't let me, I don't let you, all of them are full of flowers", using personification to draw a picture of flowers blooming in competition; using rain, "like cow hair, like flower needles, like thin silk", using metaphor and parallel to write the fine, shiny and long characteristics of spring rain; using wind, "like mother's hand caressing you", using metaphor to express the gentle and gentle characteristics of spring breeze. At the end of the article, the author uses three metaphors to write about spring, from the newly landed doll to the shiny little girl, to the strong young man, and wrote about different scenes of spring at different times, which is intriguing. Let students realize that the article starts with "the footsteps are close" and ends with "leading us forward", starting with personification and forming in personification. Their conception and layout and rhetorical polish are all ingenious, making the article full of fragrance that makes it unforgettable to read.
