1. Which of the following statements about human organs is correct: A. The liver is the largest immune organ in the human body. B. Hair and nails are not human organs. C. The large intestine and kidneys both belong to the digestive system. D. The atria in the heart pump centrifug

　1. The following statements about human organs are correct:

　A The liver is the largest immune organ in the human body

　B Hair and nails are not human organs

　C The large intestine and kidneys both belong to the digestive system

　D The atria in the heart will Centrifuged blood is pumped into the artery

2. Blood pressure is an important vital sign. During the measurement, we obtain two values, high pressure and low pressure, and use this to evaluate the blood pressure level. Which of the following statements related to blood pressure is incorrect:

A Hypertension refers to the phenomenon that high and low pressures are both higher than normal values ​​

B The measured low pressure refers to the pressure produced during ventricular diastole

Important risk factors for hypertension in the population

D Hypertensive patients are often accompanied by dizziness and other symptoms when their blood pressure is too high

3. Which of the following statements related to biological disasters is incorrect:

A China The most serious area of ​​the locust plague is the Lianghu region.

| B The natural enemies of rice planthoppers include spiders and frogs

| C Pine caterpillars are more likely to reproduce in high temperature and drought environments

| D Rodents will eat the stems, leaves, roots and seeds of crops

| 4. According to Bernoulli effect , when the fluid passes through the surface of an object, the pressure on the side with a faster flow rate is smaller, and the pressure on the side with a slower flow rate is greater. When the pressure difference on both sides of the object reaches a certain level, displacement will occur. The following objects do not utilize the Bernoulli effect:

A racing car tail

B airplane wing

C submarine shell

D sailing boat sail

5. Shampoo is a daily chemical product that keeps the scalp and hair clean. Shampoo and rub Sometimes, there will be "foaming" phenomenon. Which ingredient in the shampoo is mainly responsible for the generation of this foam?

　A The fragrance ingredients in the shampoo

　B The smooth ingredients such as vegetable oil in the shampoo

　C Functional ingredients such as anti-dandruff or conditioning in shampoo

D Surface active ingredients in shampoo that have cleaning functions

Reference answer for political education:

1. This question tests scientific and technological knowledge.

Item A is wrong. The spleen is the largest immune organ in the human body. It is located in the upper left abdomen and has the function of filtering and storing blood. The liver is an organ in the human body that mainly functions in metabolism. Its main functions are to secrete bile, store glycogen, regulate the metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrates, detoxification, hematopoiesis and coagulation.

Item B is correct. Nails are flat thyroid-like structures on the back of the fingers (toes) of humans and apes. They belong to the connective tissue . Hair follicle tissue includes hair, pores and hair follicles. Therefore, hair and nails are not human organs.

Item C is wrong. The digestive system includes two parts: the digestive tract and the digestive gland . The digestive tract can be divided into the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus; the digestive glands include salivary glands, gastric glands , intestinal glands , liver and pancreas . The kidneys belong to the urinary system.

Item D is wrong. Arteries are pipes between the ventricles and capillaries. They are close to the ventricles. They have large diameters and thick walls. The ventricles in the heart pump centrifuged blood into the arteries.

Therefore the correct answer is B.

　2. This question tests scientific and technological knowledge.

Item A is wrong. The "China Hypertension Guidelines 2010" points out that systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or those who have taken antihypertensive drugs within 2 weeks are defined as hypertension, so only one indicator is not required. If it meets the normal value, it is high blood pressure.

Item B is correct. When the ventricle contracts, the aortic pressure rises rapidly and reaches the maximum value in the middle of systole. At this time, the arterial blood pressure is called "high pressure", also known as systolic blood pressure. Its normal value is 90- Between 140mmHg; when the ventricle relaxes, the aortic pressure drops. The lowest value of arterial blood pressure at the end of diastole is called "low pressure", also known as diastolic blood pressure. Its normal value is between 60-90mmHg.

Item C is correct. Important risk factors for hypertension in our country include genetic factors, age, and various unhealthy lifestyles." China Hypertension Prevention and Treatment Guidelines " points out that high-sodium and low-potassium diets are important risk factors for hypertension in the Chinese population.

Item D is correct. Hypertension is a common disease nowadays. It can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension . It is characterized by systemic and slow onset. Patients with high blood pressure are often accompanied by a series of symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue.

This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is A.

　3. This question tests scientific and technological knowledge.

Error in item A: Locust plagues are mainly caused by drought. There have been many locust plagues in the history of our country. Their geographical distribution is mainly concentrated in the three provinces of Hebei, Henan and Shandong. The two lakes areas are relatively humid and are not the most serious areas of locust plagues.

. Item B is correct. Rice planthopper is one of the important pests on rice. Its natural enemies can be divided into , predatory natural enemies, , such as spiders, frogs, etc., and parasitic natural enemies, such as tasseled wasps, Beauveria bassiana, , etc.

　Item C is correct. Pine caterpillars are forest pests that seriously threaten larch forests. They eat a lot and have strong fecundity. Drought is one of the most important factors causing large outbreaks of pine caterpillars.

Item D is correct. Rats are omnivorous animals and may cause damage to crops from planting to harvesting and during the storage of agricultural products. Rodents mainly damage the underground rhizomes of plants, and also eat flowers, leaves, seeds, etc. above ground.

This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is A.

　4. This question tests scientific and technological knowledge.

item A is correct. The curvatures of the upper and lower surfaces of the racing car tail are different. When the air flows through the racing car tail, the distance through the lower surface is longer and the flow speed is faster, while when it passes through the upper surface, the distance is shorter and the flow speed is slower. According to the Bernoulli effect, The pressure on the upper surface of the racing car's rear wing is greater than the pressure on the lower surface, so the air exerts downward pressure on the car, that is, the car generates greater adhesion to the ground. It can offset part of the lift force, effectively control the car's floating, reduce the wind resistance coefficient accordingly, and enable the car to run closely on the road, thereby improving driving stability.

　Item B is correct. The cross-section of the aircraft wing is designed to be asymmetrical up and down, so that when the aircraft is flying, the air flow speed above the wing is large and the air flow speed below it is small. According to the Bernoulli effect, the pressure above the wing is small and the pressure below is strong, creating an upward lift force acting on the wing.

Item C is wrong. The hull of double-hulled submarine is divided into an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell is a steel pressure-resistant hull to ensure that submarine can withstand the hydrostatic pressure corresponding to the depth when moving underwater; the outer shell It is a non-pressure-resistant hull made of steel and does not withstand seawater pressure. The water holes that control the submarine's floating and diving, the ventilation valve that ensures air circulation, and the periscope used for combat are all connected through the outer shell. The inner shell and the outer shell are Main ballast water tanks and fuel tanks, etc. The single-hull submarine only has a pressure-resistant hull, and the main ballast water tank is arranged in the pressure-resistant hull. A half-shell submarine has partially non-pressure-resistant shells on both sides of the pressure-resistant hull as the submarine's main ballast tank. Submarine hulls are mostly streamlined (advanced submarines are generally designed in a teardrop or cigar shape) to reduce resistance during underwater movement and ensure good maneuverability of the submarine. Submarine hull design has nothing to do with the Bernoulli effect.

item D is correct. The sail of a sailboat has an arc like an airplane wing. When the airflow passes through the sail, the airflow in front of the sail (the bulging side) has to travel a longer distance to the airflow behind the sail. Therefore, the air flow in front of the sail is fast and the air behind the sail is slow. According to the Bernoulli effect, the pressure where the flow speed is slow is stronger than the pressure where the flow speed is fast. This pressure difference causes the sail to gain forward momentum. .

This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is C.

　5. This question tests scientific and technological knowledge.

Error in item A. The fragrance ingredients in shampoo mainly refer to essence, which can adjust the taste.

Error in item B. The smoothing ingredients in shampoo can be used to reduce friction and increase the smoothness of hair washing.

　Item C is wrong. Functional ingredients such as anti-dandruff or conditioning ingredients in shampoo mainly play antibacterial, anti-dandruff, anti-itch and other functions.

| Item D is correct. The main surfactants include lauryl alcohol sulfate salts, laureth sulfate salts, sulfosuccinate salts, etc. In the early 1940s, liquid emulsified shampoo and paste emulsified shampoo made with sodium lauryl sulfate as the base material came out. Compared with soap and soap, shampoo has several advantages: it has strong foaming and cleaning capabilities, and can produce rich foam even in hard water.

Therefore the correct answer is D.