monk clothing is one of the signs of monkhood, the Tang Dynasty monk Yijing's "Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan" says: "Anything that is a clothing ritual, Sinai's outline for a monkhood", in one word, the importance of vestment sex. In the process of Sinicization of Buddhism, monk clothes are gradually changing.
The Buddha once had strict regulations on the sewing and quantity of monk clothes. In terms of color, it is stipulated that "bad colors" should be used, and colored or pure colors are not allowed. The Buddha taught the monks to extract dyes from tree roots, bark, tree sap, and flowers, destroying the order of clothes, so as to avoid the greed for clothes. NS. When the Buddha was alive, he pointed out that the five colors such as yellow, red, blue, black, and white were not allowed to be used.
The origin of Sanyi
br11 p0img
span 1span The clothes are very simple. In the first five or six years after enlightenment, the Buddha did not formulate precepts at all, only some principled norms, so there is no mention of the system and regulations of the coat. Except for the method and style of wearing, which are different from those of laymen and foreigners, there is no limit to how many clothes a monk should have.
Later, in the winter of the year, the Buddha and his disciples marched and begged on the earth. The Buddha saw that his disciples got a lot of cloth, some put on his head, some hung on his shoulder, and some Wrapped around his waist, it seemed both imposing and cumbersome, so the Buddha planned the restrictions of his clothes.
At that time, it was the midwinter in India. That night the Buddha personally tested: one piece is enough for the first night; it feels cold in the middle of the night,So add one; after the night, I still feel cold, so add another one, it will be enough to keep out the cold. Therefore, the Buddha stipulated that the monk should not exceed three garments. This is the source of the so-called "three garments".
From the inside out, the first Yianduohui, the second Yiyudara, and the third Yisangha pear. Ming Yang Zhuo's "Compilation of Buddhist Studies": Bhikkhus should wear three garments, that is, robes. The cassock is made by cutting thin strips of cloth and stitching them horizontally, and they are divided into different types according to the number of cuts. The cassock is a kind of color. For example, Tang Huiyuan's "Sound and Meaning" (Part 1) said: "The cassock is dyed, and the lay people in the Western Regions wear white clothes." Xuanying's "Yin Yi" (Volume One Five) also said: "The robes, this cloud is not correct." The Buddhist monk's clothing must not use the white of the Indian lay people, nor the pure blue and pure yellow, which is called cassock, so it is said to be "dyed" and "uncorrected". The evolution of monk clothes
to Buddhism was introduced to China and became Chinese Buddhism , mainly Mahayana Buddhism. Since China is different from India in terms of climate, it cannot withstand the cold without clothes. The Buddhist monk's clothes are covered with three Indian clothes with a small coat to protect against the cold. In terms of color, the Buddha's blouse is almost yellow-green, and the skirt is almost reddish-brown. Buddhism The ministry advocates the use of red and yellow.
can be restricted by the monarchs of the Han dynasties wearing yellow and the ministers wearing red. Chinese Buddhist monks can only give up the use of these two colors. Physically, bare-shouldered Han Chinese can't accept it either.
Therefore, monk clothing is gradually localized in Han in China. Its characteristics are: on the one hand, it obeys the rules of the precepts and refers to the style of monk clothing from India; on the other hand, it takes into account the climate, geographical environment, and National customs, etc.; factors such as restrictions and interference from the emperor and the government must also be considered.
The monk's clothes have changed from color to shape.
In the Three Kingdoms period, the color of the monk gradually embodied in the colors of the Chinese monks. feature. Eastern Han Dynasty "Muzi's Theory of Doubts" recorded: "Today, the sand gate was covered with red cloth, and the sun was eclipsed...", it can be seen that the monk's clothes at that time were red. In the Three Kingdoms period, the color of the monk's clothes tended to be indifferent, that is, black with a little red. "Baoyi" and "white clothes" are the symmetry of monks and customs. During the Three Kingdoms period, due to the desolation of the world and the hardship of the people, white clothes were often worn, while monks often wore robes, so robes gradually became a reference to monks.
The purple robe was the most noble in the Tang and Song dynasties. Chinese rulers often expressed praise and bestowed robes on high monks. The gift of purple started from Tang Wu Zetian , and the color of the robes bestowed to some extent affected the color development of the monk's clothing. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the official uniforms of officials above the third rank were purple, and those of the fifth rank and above were scarlet. Therefore, according to Zi Zi and Ci Fei, the color of the robes corresponds to the color of the official rank. The emperor bestowed the robes on the monk's great virtue, and purple also entered the color series of the monk's clothes.
The color system of monks' clothes during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty is clear
After Tang and Song Dynasty,The color freedom of monk clothes is greater. By the Ming Dynasty Hongwu early years, the perfect monk clothing color system has been formulated. At that time, Buddhism was divided into three categories: Zen, preaching, and teaching. Zen, namely Zen . Speaking, namely Tiantai, Huayan, and Faxiangzong. To teach is to engage in funeral ceremonies and rituals. The color of the ordinary clothes was stipulated by the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The ordinary clothes of the monks were dark brown, blue for the monks who preached, and black for lvzong .
The yellow monk's clothing has been used since the Qing Dynasty.
After the Qing Dynasty, there were no official regulations, but since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the general monks' uniforms were yellow.
Contemporary Buddhist dressing sutra
5
0, yellow, brown, yellow, brown, yellow, yellow, yellow green. The various ministries and factions vary in depth, and there is no specific regulation. In form, " haiqing " or "big robe" is one of the main costumes.
Nowadays, "Haiqing" is still used as a coat by the seven Buddhist congregations in worshipping Buddha and more formal occasions. ,Put one of the three clothes over the big robe. The remaining five people can only wear large robes, not robes.
The sea green color of the monk's clothes has two colors:
one is black, which is worn by ordinary Buddhist disciples when worshipping the Buddha;
or one of the abbots of the temple is yellow Worn by the master.
In addition, the monk clothes in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, India, and Nepal are now yellow, with only different shades. Burmese Buddhists are especially forbidden to wear black clothes, because in ancient Myanmar there was a cult monk who wore black clothes, and they did many illegal things. Later, they were strictly forbidden. Mongolians and Tibetans also avoid wearing black clothes.
.
![[English] Who Am I - Lecture 1 - Ven. Guan Cheng - DayDayNews](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KU0fUs2It5o/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNAFEJQDSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLDFpQUN_QwRfC7bmP4sUadq-RcYdg)
![A Moving Masterpiece 清明上河图 [English narration] - DayDayNews](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kxff-4GktOI/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCOADEI4CSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLBtHGLeUpJNCYDJYnZTuISQ1N5Vag)
