Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of pregnancy anemia. About 19.1% of pregnant women in my country have symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, and the prevalence of anemia in the late pregnancy is as high as 33.8%. Iron deficiency anemia not only affects maternal immune function and increases the chance of infection, but also causes adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy has no obvious symptoms. In severe cases, dizziness, fatigue, tinnitus, , palpitations, , loss of appetite, pale complexion, etc., which may lead to complications such as fetal growth restriction, premature birth, neonatal asphyxia and other complications.
After 6 months of pregnancy, pregnant women's demand for iron increases. If not supplemented in time, it is easy to lead to an increase in the incidence of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Studies have shown that maintaining a reasonable dietary structure of three meals can prevent and reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
1. The middle pregnancy is the period of highest demand for iron. You can start with dietary supplements:
" Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents " recommends iron intake: 20mg/day in the early pregnancy, 29mg/day in the middle pregnancy, and 24mg/day in the late pregnancy.
(1) Best iron supplement food: Animal blood
Chicken blood, duck blood and goose blood are 25mg/100g, 30.5mg/100g, and 37.7mg/100g, respectively, which is much higher than mammals such as pig blood, sheep blood . Among them, the content of cholesterol in chicken blood is relatively high, while goose blood is relatively rare in life. Relatively speaking, duck blood is an ideal choice.
(2) Excellent iron supplement food: animal liver
chicken liver, foie liver , and duck liver iron content is 12 mg/100g, 23.1 mg/100g, and 7.8 mg/100g, respectively. The iron content of pork liver is a little ahead, reaching 23.3mg/100g, and pork liver is also rich in a variety of vitamins and is very nutritious.
However, it should be noted that the cholesterol content of animal livers is generally high, so it is not advisable to eat too much. Whether it is a pregnant mother or a mother who is breastfeeding, consuming 1 to 2 meals of animal liver or animal blood a week, 20 to 50g each time is enough.
(3) Optional iron supplement foods: lean meat
Compared with the above ingredients, lean meat has much less iron elements. However, lean meat is rich in high-quality protein and calcium, which is more suitable for daily intake. It is recommended to consume 150~200g meat and 50g eggs per day.
(4) Auxiliary iron supplement foods: fruits and vegetables
In addition to foods that can supplement iron, fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamin C in life also have the effect of promoting the absorption of iron. They can be used as auxiliary foods and eaten with iron supplement ingredients. Such as: spinach, cabbage, broccoli , rapeseed, kiwi , lemon, etc.
2. In addition, pregnant women should also ensure the intake of protein :
protein intake in normal proportion is an important aspect of pregnant women maintaining a scientific dietary structure. It is recommended that pregnant women intake protein during pregnancy should follow the scientific and reasonable principles of . Too high protein intake will increase the risk of gestational diabetes , and too low intake will affect collagen synthesis and calcium absorption.
protein can be divided into plant and animal protein according to food sources. Plant protein is mainly provided by grain. The foods with the most abundant protein in plants are soybeans (soybeans, black beans and , green beans). Soybeans contain 35~40% protein. Due to the reasonable composition of amino acids, they are highly absorbed and utilized in the body, which is a very good source of protein.
Cereals contain about 10% protein and are not very high in content. However, due to the large amount of consumption, they are still the main source of dietary protein. In animal foods, the protein content of lean meat foods is 15%~20%, the protein content of fish, shrimp and molluscs is 15%~20%, the protein content of milk is 3%~3.5%, and the protein content of eggs is 11%~14%.
The amino acid composition of meat, eggs and milk foods is relatively balanced and is an important source of high-quality protein in the human body. In order to improve the quality of dietary protein, we must ensure that there is a certain amount of high-quality protein in the diet. Usually, high-quality proteins such as meat, eggs, milk and soy products should account for 30-50%.
Pregnant mothers should pay attention to the choice of food when eating. A certain amount of animal protein and legume protein can be eaten together to complement the amino acid in the food and increase the utilization rate of protein. Therefore, eating foods of different types of protein together can not only improve the cost-effectiveness of protein, but also make the food more diverse, which not only ensures the healthy development of the fetus, but also satisfies the appetite of "foodies" pregnant mothers.
3. Currently oral iron is still the first-line treatment method. When pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy oral iron agent treatment can be tolerated and effective, the advantage of oral iron is that it is cheap and convenient.
For example, you can choose the third generation of organic iron dextran iron dispersion tablets to supplement iron, because dextran iron is a complex formed by organic trivalent iron always absorbed in the intestines in a complete form, without free iron ion , without rust smell, and no gastrointestinal irritation symptoms after taking it, with good taste, good compliance, and more guaranteed iron supplementation.
In addition, the absorption of iron agents is not only related to the iron content of drugs and foods, but also to other foods intake. For example, the amino acids and polypeptide released by protein during digestion, as well as the "meat factor" in it, can effectively increase the absorption of iron; fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C, which can effectively promote the absorption of iron; and tannic acid , oxalic acid in tea, caffeine in coffee, etc., will significantly reduce the absorption of iron; in addition, the absorption of mineral elements such as calcium agent has a competitive effect with iron, so it should be avoided to take it at the same time.
In summary, women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy are prone to iron deficiency anemia, which may be related to the low intake of protein, vitamins and iron. Therefore, it is recommended that women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy adjust their dietary structure, supplement nutrition, and prevent and reduce the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia under the guidance of a doctor or nutritionist .
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Reference materials:
[1] Huang Yinping, Tan Mei, Ma Rui, Chen Xianzhen. Effects of individualized dietary guidance combined with iron agents on the treatment effect and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in the middle and late stages of pregnancy [J]. Chinese Food and Nutrition, 2022, 28(09): 65-68.
[13] Huang Kaikun, Liu Ruixia, Yin Fenghong. Research progress on iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy [J]. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 49(03): 335-339.
