September 12th of each year is the birth defect prevention day
September 12, 2021 _p17p p1span4 p1span _span_span_
4p theme this year is " gave birth to a healthy, protecting newborn "
birth defects scientific knowledge
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"What is a birth defect?"Structural abnormalities, functional abnormalities or abnormalities caused by metabolic defects that have occurred in the mother's stomach, including morphological abnormalities (such as spina bifida, foot varus, cleft lip and palate), cell abnormalities ( Such as congenital leukemia), chromosomal abnormalities (such as 21-trisomy), molecular abnormalities (such as phenylketonuria), mental and behavioral abnormalities.
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"caused birth defects reason."
There are many reasons for birth defects. Old age, environmental pollution, genetic factors, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases are all causes of birth defects.
* genetic factors. includes chromosomal abnormalities and genetic abnormalities, mainly refers to the family history of genetic disease;
* environmental factors _strong27 _strong27 . Including nutrition, disease, infection, medication and exposure to harmful substances, such as: women infected with rubella, cytomegalovirus and other viruses or Treponema pallidum during pregnancy; Mercury, lead, benzene, pesticides, X-rays and other toxic and hazardous substances ;
* used some teratogenic drugs _strongspan _strongsp 24 span4span _span4 other factors , such as tobacco, alcohol, and heavy drinking, the risk of fetal malformation is very high, which is characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, multiple microcephaly, etc.Smoking can cause miscarriage, premature birth, congenital heart disease and low birth weight.
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"reduce birth defects, critical in preventing"
under the provisions of the World Health organization, prevention of birth defects divided into three levels: prevention
01
a to "seed soil off" of birth defects-to prevent the occurrence of birth defects, including pre-marital check-ups, genetic counseling, and pre-pregnancy counseling. Since most birth defects occur in the third to eighth weeks of embryonic development , many people have missed the opportunity to prevent them when they discover pregnancy (more than 4 weeks).Therefore, the key time to prevent birth defects is before pregnancy. It is particularly important to strengthen pre-marital examinations, conduct eugenic genetic counseling before pregnancy, and conduct pathogenic microbial inspections. 02 secondary prevention
the good embryo sprout off birth defects - reduction of birth The birth of a defective child includes regular prenatal checkups, prenatal screening during pregnancy (NT check, Wyeth screening, four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, non-invasive DNA check), prenatal diagnosis ( amniocentesis, cord blood puncture), Through screening, prenatal diagnosis, early detection, early diagnosis and early measures; through obstetric examination, high-risk pregnant and lying-in women can be screened out, diagnosed and treated in time, so as to reduce the number of children born. Such as severe congenital heart disease can be detected by ultrasound at 20 weeks of pregnancy.
03
tertiary prevention
the good seedling growth off birth defects - after birth Diagnosis and treatment.Post-natal treatment of birth defects, or intrauterine interventional therapy or surgical correction, by collecting plantar blood, screening newborns for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, congenital dislocation of the hip, congenital heart disease And listening, etc.
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