Seeing a very interesting topic, I couldn't help but want to say a few words, is Sumer an alien civilization?
The answer is of course no. If Sumer comes from an alien, now that you have mastered the space travel technology, you have to leave a few electronic products. Why is the Sumer ruins, no matter how developed and bright, but always limited In the concept of prehistoric civilization. It's far from modern technology, what can I do to cross the interstellar.
Let's talk about the demise of Sumer. Fate was defeated by the Kingdom of Babylon. If it came from an alien, how could it lose? By the way, Sumer is actually much more advanced than the Semitic-dominated Babylonian kingdom. The reason for its failure was actually its own failure. It was because of the over-exploitation of the land that caused salinization and gradually declined.
If you only answer the question in this way, of course it is not interesting. What we are going to talk about today is not from the stars, but the indissoluble bond between the Sumerian civilization and the Chinese civilization.
What is Sumerian civilization
Among the four ancient civilizations, the ancient Babylonian civilization originated in the two river basins, and the plain between the two rivers is called Mesopotamia, so Also called the Mesopotamian civilization. But in fact, positioning it in the four major civilizations of is obviously questionable, because in this area, there is an earlier and more advanced civilization, Sumer.
Sumer is a place name, located at the southernmost end of the Mesopotamia, near the mouth of the Persian Gulf. I won’t say much about the awesomeness of Sumerian civilization. In short, it is quite powerful. It is not a transcendence but a leap. Some people have concluded that Sumerian created the first place in at least 38 aspects. .
is so awesome, why is it not in the four major civilizations? I don't know, you have to ask about the people with the title of the Four Great Civilizations, but it may be related to its mysteriousness.
said its mystery mainly lies in three points.
1. Different races.The Sumerians call themselves black-headed, and they are incompatible with the blond white Semites around them and are very abrupt.
2. Different languages. Use cuneiform writing , although it is not related to all modern languages according to research, but cuneiform writing is hieroglyph , which is a graphic meaning. In addition to the fact that it is all alphabetic culture, Napanta in the Mesopotamia is completely unconnected.
Well, Chinese characters are typical pictographic characters. When we first learned the characters, the teacher taught you, you must start with what the character looks like. Not to mention Oracle, which is represented by cuneiform writing.
Third, too developed. I can’t understand what concept it has reached. Compare it with others. It is almost the difference between postdoctoral and preschool. It may not be accurate to say that a post-doctoral fellow should add a teacher, a post-doctoral teacher.
In short, Sumer is a brilliant and wonderful flower in ancient history. I don’t know where they came from or how they eventually disappeared. A group of strangers descended from the sky on the two rivers, creating A weird and surpassing culture has emerged.
There are many articles on the Internet about Sumerians who are descendants of Chinese. To be honest, they are basically unreliable. Although the three points are listed above, the Chinese look very kind, wow, with black hair and hieroglyphs. Isn’t this your own?
But only from the blackheads that it is related to China, it is a hooliganism. One is that blackheads are not necessarily black hair, maybe they are just honorific names; even if they have black hair, they are not only Chinese. Black Africans are all black-haired, and the ancient Egyptians next door have black hair and yellow skin. If it is possible, they are more likely to be related to them. The geographical factor lies in the proximity, which is much more reliable than traveling from China to the past.
The writing is wrong. Sumerian writing has no connection with all modern languages, including Chinese. It's like seeing a long six-finger and suspecting that it is your long-lost brother who is silly. It can't be said that people also use hieroglyphs to be Chinese.
So we have to talk about the logic and evidence of the truthfulness. When it comes to evidence, the most powerful is still culture,It doesn’t matter what it looks like, not what it looks like, but whether it’s culturally relevant. For example, the Japanese are a Yamato nation, which is different from us, but who dares to say that Japanese culture has nothing to do with China?
is not a long story, only the key points are concise.
Sumerian polytheism
Sumerian beliefs are very interesting. First, they worship many gods; second, there is no main god. For example, they have seven creation gods. The first six gods have been tossing for a long time without making any noise. When it is the seventh god, he quit and demanded a strike.
At this time there happened to be a dragon rebelling, so the seven gods united and defeated the dragon, tore it or she (a woman in Sumerian mythology) to pieces, the upper body turned into the sky, and the lower body turned into The land, tears turned into a river, and her blood was turned into a human being.
There are so many creation gods, it is conceivable that, so there are a lot of Sumerian immortals, each performing their duties, which can be said to be very important or not. Why? Can you come over so much?
Do you understand a little bit, why the Chinese culture is so open, whoever loves to believe in, don't cause trouble, but Islam and Christian culture are different. If you don't believe me, you are a heretic and disrespectful.
So things like monotheism create contradictions, and polytheism does not have this problem. Anyway, I can't worship it. I need to worship that. If there are more gods, it will dilute the faith.
Sumerian Tao
If we only talk about relevance from polytheism, we are still a hooligan, because what is the god of the family? Even if you can't hit the pole, even if you can make a relative for the Jade Emperor, you can't get him a foreign brother-in-law.
There is a concept in the Sumerian cuneiform literature,In other words, the appearance rate is extremely high. It looks like an uppercase T (sorry I can’t type this thing). Modern scholars call it "me" by transliterating it.
What does this me mean, it is difficult to describe, that is, it is specific and abstract. It can be used to describe the names of people, gods, places, and even guide certain professional norms. The so-called blindness, inaudibility, and incompetence are probably to this extent.
So foreign scholars want to explain it very hard. German archaeologist Landsberg said that me is the order of the gods, eternal and unchanging, while the American historical magnate Kramer believes that me is a collection of cultures, since the beginning of the creation, the sum of all gods, laws and regulations.
The Chinese can explain with one word, this is "Tao". Tao can be Tao, very Tao, the avenue is boundless, the avenue is nameless, omnipresent, everything is nothing, it is the mother of heaven and earth, and the ancestor of all things.
In 3000 BC, there was a powerful country in the Sumer region named Lagash. King Lagash built a temple and named it Fifty Temples, which means that the temple contains fifty kinds of avenues. The inscription of Lagash King Gudia wrote: "My Fifty Temples, An Shen (An is Heaven, An Shen is a God of Heaven) was made by his own hands. Its Tao is the greatest and transcends the Middle Tao."
One of the Sumerian city-states is called Nipur, which is regarded as a holy domain. Sumerian wars are frequent, but Nipur has never been affected, and its status is almost equal to Jerusalem. There is also a temple of fifty temples in Nippur. The document enshrining it states: “The avenue is also named by the world.”
The temple’s path is called the temple path. There are fifty kinds of temple paths, and there are others. how much? countless. When the god of love Inana entered the underworld, she wore seven kinds of jewelry, each of which contained one Tao. These were only seven of the hundred Taoisms she obtained from Enji. There are also documents saying that Inana obtained All the Tao.
Inanna taught these Taoisms to humans. There are dozens of Taoisms mentioned in Sumerian literature. In addition to temple Taoism, there are "all things Taoism, possessing Taoism, great wisdom Taoism, etiquette Taoism, and immortality Taoism." and many more.
Interestingly, Sumerians also have the concept of kingly way. An inscription written by the last monarch of the Uma Dynasty, Lukal Zageshi, wrote: "The king of the world,In all the dynasties, they all went to Uruk, because of their royal power. _P3p
This is a bit of a system of "all nations coming". Before the Uma dynasty, the Kish dynasty ruled. The Kish dynasty had 23 monarchs, probably based on the same view of Lukal Zageshi. A certain king of the Shi dynasty simply named himself "Wang Dao Wang" (en-me-nun-na), meaning the king of the king, and there was another named Wang Daoying, and those with more kings could not survive.
, "The kingly authority, power, property and prestige. "This means the kingship granted by the monarchy and the gods, but when it comes to the kingship, it contains not only the kingship, but also the way of governing the country and the way of being king.
Unearthed cultural relics
After talking about cultural things, let’s talk about material evidence. , What material evidence? Unearthed cultural relics.
Although ordinary people think that Sumerian civilization is mysterious, in the eyes of historians, it does not appear out of thin air, but is in the same line and has a clear development track.
Sumerian civilization I also experienced the Neolithic period. The most typical one is the Khalaf culture, which is about 6000-7000 years ago. Khafra is famous for its painted pottery. Its most typical site, Alpachia, has unearthed a pottery plate and restored it. The picture looks like this.
Friends who are familiar with traditional culture will probably jump up. Isn’t this the four-sided eight-digit nine-square grid? If you count the black dots in the picture, you will find four separate groups There are 16 in each group, and the total is exactly 64, which is exactly the eighty-eight sixty-four hexagrams.
The outer circle and the inner square of the pottery plate symbolize the place of the sky and the circle. The one point symbolizes the year. The four arcs have three in each The dot symbolizes the four seasons of the year, and three months per season.
The relationship between the nine palaces , the gossip , the Heluo book and the astronomical calendar, I believe I don’t need to elaborate. Although the gossip is performed by Zhou Wenwang, he is acting The day after tomorrow gossip. It is said that gossip was transformed by Fuxi and is the source of Chinese civilization and a unique symbol of Chinese civilization. It is believed that there can be no second nation in the world with similar inventions.
Fuxi's gossip theory is only recorded in ancient books. It is difficult to verify when it started, but in archaeological discoveries, the earliest gossip patterns appeared in Banpo culture .
Banpo culture is part of Yangshao culture, it is 6000-7000 years ago, and it is similar to Khalaf culture. And speaking of Yangshao Culture , what is your first impression? Isn't it just painted pottery? Yangshao culture is the originator of the country of Chinese porcelain.
The Khafre culture also makes painted pottery, and is actually tattooed with nine palaces and eight trigrams. Is this a coincidence? I dare not assert anything, because any judgment requires more evidence and investigation to support it. Based on the existing evidence, I can only say that I am very suspicious that the Hafra culture comes from the cultural immigrants of Banpo, China.
Why do you say that, because of the age of the porcelain, Khafre is late. This pottery plate was probably produced in 4300 BC, while the Banpo colored pottery, such as the red pottery bowl of Yuanjun Temple, was dated to 4500 BC -5000 years.
The correlation between Khafre culture and Banpo culture is more than this. For example, the restoration drawings of houses in the middle and late period of Khafre have a circular inner room and a square outer room, which also implies a round sky.
Hafra also unearthed pottery containing bones. This is called "bone burial", also known as the second burial. In order to prevent the bones of the deceased from being eaten by insects and ants, the ancients would dig up graves and put the bones in a container for a second burial. Although the second burial has been found all over the world, it is also the Banpo culture if it is the earliest one, and the pottery is a significant feature of Banpo culture.
Finally, I will talk about an irresponsible conjecture. The ancient book said that there were two major events in ancient times, one is the battle of Huangdi Chiyou; the other is Dayu's control of water. Both of these incidents occurred during the Banpo culture period. Either way, some of the Central Plains residents may be forced to leave their hometowns and find another way out.
Whether because of war or flood, a Banpo man chose to flee to the west. The west is either a plateau or a desert,It was difficult to find a place to live, so they went all the way west, crossed the Pamirs, and finally reached the Mesopotamia.
The exchanges between Central Asia and East Asia may have begun in ancient times. The Sumerians may not necessarily be descended from Banpo people, but they are indeed influenced by the Central Plains culture, and thus created a similar China, but extremely unique Civilization.
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