Modern science believes that the reason why the Earth can give birth to life is mainly because the Earth meets the basic conditions for the birth of life. These basic conditions are suitable temperature, sufficient air and abundant water resources. In addition to these, there are powerful magnetic fields, thick atmosphere, etc. Scientists believe that if a planet can meet these three basic conditions, then the possibility of other planets giving birth to life is very high. Among the eight major planets in the solar system, only the Earth planet has given birth to life. The emergence of life has added a lot of color to the Earth planet, especially after the appearance of human beings, it has unlocked many mysteries on Earth. If human beings do not appear, then the mysteries on Earth may never be solved.
According to scientists' research, we can know that the universe is an extremely huge interstellar space. There are many celestial bodies in the universe, such as stars, planets, comets, , asteroids, neutron stars, etc. These celestial bodies were born after the Big Bang . The earth is a planet in the solar system. The earth can give birth to life, and we have to thank the sun. After all, the temperature we feel on the earth does not come from the earth itself, but the heat released by the sun. Among the eight planets in the solar system, the position of the earth is the most suitable position. If it is too close to the sun, the temperature will become very high. If it is too far away from the sun, the temperature will become very low. In the solar system, Mercury is the closest to the sun. The temperature can reach 432 degrees Celsius when it is directed by the sun during the day, and the lowest temperature at night reaches minus 172 degrees Celsius.
Because the temperature difference between day and night of Mercury is very large, scientists believe that life should not be born on Mercury. There are many extreme temperatures in the universe, especially stars. The temperature inside the stars is very high. The temperature on the surface of our sun is as high as about 6,000 degrees, and the temperature on the core is as high as 15 million degrees. This temperature has exceeded human imagination. The highest temperature can reach hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius. However, scientists found through research that the temperature in the universe has a maximum upper limit and a minimum lower limit. The lowest temperature is minus 273.15 degrees Celsius, also known as absolute zero. Seeing this, many people may have a question, which is what the temperature is?
In fact, temperature is a physical quantity used to indicate the degree of hot and cold of objects. According to scientists' research, we can know that under a standard atmospheric pressure, the freezing point and boiling point of water are fixed. Scientists found that the temperature is related to the speed of particles' movement in microscopic world . If a particle's movement speed is very fast, then its temperature is very high. If the particle's movement speed is very slow, it means that its temperature is very low. If according to this theory, then when the particle stops moving, the temperature reaches the lowest point. After research, scientists found that when particles stop moving, the lowest temperature is -273.15℃, but so far, scientists have not discovered absolute zero in the universe.
Because according to Einstein's theory of relativity, any object is doing relative motion , so no object can be completely stationary. Since no object can be completely stationary, there is no absolute zero. At present, the lowest temperature discovered by humans in the universe is minus 272 degrees Celsius, which is very close to absolute zero, but it is basically impossible to reach absolute zero. If we look at this theory, then when the particle's movement speed becomes faster and faster, its temperature will also become higher and higher. When the particle's movement reaches its limit, that is, when the temperature is at its highest, scientists calculated that the maximum upper limit of temperature is 140 million billion degrees. This temperature is also called Planck temperature . This temperature has only appeared during the Big Bang. Scientists believe that if the temperature reaches this limit, the four basic forces that dominate the universe (gravity, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force) that dominate the universe will become a force.
At this time, all the particles in the universe will become pure energy. This temperature appeared in the moment of the Big Bang (within 5*10^-44 seconds). Later, as the universe continued to expand, the universe space became larger and larger, and eventually the temperature in the universe slowly decreased. Now the average temperature in the universe has reached about -270 degrees Celsius. These two temperatures are the most extreme temperatures in the universe. At present, scientists can only calculate. Scientists believe that if absolute zero and Planck temperature appear again in the universe, it is definitely a very terrible thing, because the existing physics of human beings will collapse at that time. Why do you say so?
According to scientists' research, we can know that the universe was born in the Singularity Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. 13.8 billion years ago, an singularity exploded. The Singularity is a point with infinite mass, infinite energy, infinite density, infinite heat, and infinite volume. After this point exploded, the universe quickly expanded to the surroundings. After 13.8 billion years, the universe became what we see now. However, in existing physics, according to the existence of infinite or infinite small matter, the singularity is too mysterious, so scientists can only describe it as infinite or infinite. If the singularity really exists, then the existing physics cannot explain this mysterious point at all.
Since the singularity cannot be explained, why can't absolute zero appear? If we follow Einstein's theory of relativity, then there is no absolutely static object in the universe at all, so absolute zero cannot appear. If absolute zero appears, it means that all matter in the universe is stationary, which means that the universe is dead, because only after the universe dies, absolute zero will appear. At this time, all physics will lose its meaning. So when will the universe die? According to scientists' research, the lifespan of the universe is far longer than we imagined, and our universe is still in youth.
There are many statements about the death of the universe in the scientific community. Some scientists believe that when the universe expands to a certain level, the universe will begin to shrink rapidly. The speed of the universe expands, and how fast it will shrink. The universe will eventually shrink to what it was before the Singularity Big Bang. At this time, the universe will die. However, after the death of the universe, it may explode again, and then a new universe will be born. In addition to this conjecture, some scientists believe that the universe will eventually move towards heat silence, and eventually all matter in the universe will disappear, leaving only a darkness. According to scientists' research, we can know that the celestial body with the greatest gravity in the universe is a black hole.
Black holes can swallow any matter, and even light cannot escape the gravity of the black hole. During the movement, black holes will constantly swallow the surrounding matter. Any matter that enters the black hole's horizon will be swallowed by the black hole. However, black holes do not swallow celestial bodies in one mouthful, but there is a process. Because the tidal force generated by the black hole is very large, the planet will be torn into pieces by the black hole first, and these black holes will be sucked in by the black hole one after another. Under normal circumstances, the matter swallowed by the black hole will rotate around the black hole while approaching the black hole. In this process, due to the conservation of angular momentum, the closer these fragments are to the black hole, the faster their rotation around the black hole. When the density of matter is higher, a large amount of matter will form a disk-like structure around the black hole that rotates at a high speed around the black hole, which is also called an accretion disk.
However, black holes do not always exist. If a black hole cannot swallow matter for a long time, the black hole will slowly disappear. The famous physicist Hawking believes that when virtual particles appear at the edge of the black hole's vision, four situations may occur. 1. virtual particles annihilate normal, 2. Two virtual particles are swallowed by the black hole at the same time, 3. Negative virtual particles are swallowed by the black hole, and positive virtual particles escape, 4. The positive virtual particles are swallowed by the black hole, and negative virtual particles escape.According to Hawking's calculation, in these four cases, the probability of the third case occurring is the greatest, and the negative virtual particle carries negative energy, so after the black hole swallows the negative virtual particle, its energy decreases, and this mechanism is called Hawking radiation. Hawking believes that black holes will eventually evaporate continuously through Hawking's radiation, and as time goes by, all black holes in the universe will evaporate.
When the last black hole in the universe also evaporates, the universe will die. However, these are all scientists' speculations. What is the final outcome of the universe? Now scientists cannot give an accurate answer. After all, human civilization has only been born for thousands of years, and the Big Bang has been around for 13.8 billion years. What happened before the Big Bang? Scientists cannot explain it now. Perhaps the universe had existed before the Big Bang, but we just don’t know that from the birth of mankind, we have been constantly exploring the mysteries of the universe. Although we think we have a certain understanding of the universe, the mystery of the universe is far more than we imagined.
The theory we once thought was right may eventually be overturned with the development of human science and technology, so now scientists dare not say that humans’ current understanding of the universe is completely correct. However, the editor believes that humans are the wisest life on the earth, and human science and technology are constantly improving and developing. With the advancement of human science and technology in the future, maybe we can unravel all the mysteries in the universe. The editor hopes that this day will come soon. Do you have anything to say about this?
