Mr. Zhang, 52 years old, has a history of hypertension 4 years . According to Mr. Zhang's family, Mr. Zhang has been listening to doctors since he has hypertension, correcting his bad diet, and putting less oil and salt when cooking, , but in the past month, he fell in love with eating chocolate pie packaged in the supermarket, and ate two or three packs every day.
In the past week, Mr. Zhang has upper limb paralysis every day, and occasionally dizzy, , but he thought it was a minor physical problem, so he didn't go to the hospital for examination.
On that day, Mr. Zhang felt that his left limb was weak after waking up. Then Mr. Zhang fell into a coma . His family hurriedly called 120 to send Mr. Zhang to the hospital. When he was admitted to the hospital, his blood pressure was 185/100mmHg. The head CT showed that cerebral hemorrhage was found in the right basal ganglia area.
Doctor immediately gave emergency antihypertensive drugs, and then Mr. Zhang gradually restored his consciousness .
So the doctor started to perform surgery on the patient. unilateral ventricular injection of urokinase promotes the dissolution and excretion of hematoma. The operation was relatively smooth, the ventricular drainage tube was unobstructed, and re-examination on the third day of the head CT showed a significant decrease in hematoma. was finally cured and discharged from the hospital.
There are many cases of sudden cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hypertension like Mr. Zhang. Cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension is urgent and is more common in daily life. elderly patients with hypertension should pay more attention.
1. How does hypertension cause cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage is a common Acute cerebral vascular disease . Among them, cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension is called hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage .
Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is bleeding from the basal nuclear area, thalamus , ventricle, cerebellum and brainstem in patients with hypertension.
The sudden increase in blood pressure causes rupture of blood vessels in the brain parenchyma and bleeding, The blood forms a mass and compresses brain tissue The disease caused by severely affecting the central nervous function of the brain. Clinical manifestations are hemiplegia , headache, aphasia , nausea and vomiting, and incontinence.
In addition to the damage caused by hematoma compression, cerebral hematoma will also cause inflammation damage, insufficient brain perfusion , etc., and further cause ischemic brain damage.
In terms of disease diagnosis and treatment, uses craniocerebral CT to diagnose cerebral hemorrhage in clinical practice.
The elderly patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage have a high risk of surgery, and are prone to infection and recurrence after the operation, and the treatment effect is poor. Currently, the treatment method for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage of is mainly through directional puncture. The surgery has little trauma and quick recovery. In addition, supplemental medications and rehabilitation treatment are needed.
Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is onset and the condition is dangerous. and the disability and mortality rate are high. The mortality rate for 30 days of cerebral hemorrhage is as high as 35% to 52%.
Most patients with cerebral hemorrhage will also lose their ability to take care of themselves. data shows that only about 20% of patients can recover their ability to take care of themselves after 6 months. Cerebral hemorrhage reduces the quality of life of patients and increases the burden on families and society.
Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is a common and serious complication for Hypertensive people. Both the treatment and prognosis are poor, which seriously threatens the safety of patients' lives.
In addition, the recurrence rate of cerebral hemorrhage in is very high. should carry out rehabilitation treatment in the early stage to restore the patient's health and living ability, and reduce the occurrence of complications and sequelae.
At present, with the development of population aging, the number of patients with hypertension in my country has increased year by year.
Chinese hypertension survey data show that the cumulative incidence of hypertension in men and women in my country in 2019 was 9.9% and 19.2% respectively. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension is also increasing year by year.
Increased blood pressure is the main factor for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Studies have shown that systolic blood pressure increases by 10 mmHg, and the probability of cerebral hemorrhage increases by 49%. Therefore, patients with hypertension should attach great importance to the issue of increased blood pressure, and prevents and controls cerebral hemorrhage in the early stage.
In recent years, the age of onset of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage has been earlier, and This is related to the lifestyle of modern people. Therefore, the prevention of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage should start from middle age and start from all aspects to prevent it.
Most cerebral hemorrhage can be prevented by reasonable diet and nutrition, proper physical exercise, adequate sleep, a good mentality, etc. . Daily diet is closely related to the level of blood pressure.
2. If you don’t want cerebral hemorrhage with high blood pressure, it’s best not to touch 3 foods
Unstable blood pressure is closely related to bad eating habits. In order to prevent the increase in blood pressure, patients with hypertension should pay attention not to eat or eat less of the following 3 foods.
The first type: high-salt food
Chinese Nutrition Society emphasizes that high-sodium diet is the first factor in cardiovascular disease death .
High sodium diet is an important environmental factor that causes hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular damage. A large number of animal and clinical studies and epidemiological investigations confirmed that eating too much salt can not only cause an increase in arterial blood pressure by increasing the load, but may also directly damage the blood vessels.
So if patients with hyperemia stick to a high-salt diet, will cause the blood pressure of the brain blood vessels to rise and directly damage the cerebrovascular . After the human body consumes too much sodium, water and sodium will be retention in the blood vessels, causing swelling of the smooth muscle of the blood vessels and causing vascular endothelial damage.
High sodium in plasma will also cause plasma cholesterol to increase, causing atherosclerosis, makes blood vessels lose elasticity and greatly reduces the ability to withstand hypertension.
The above mechanisms will lead to cerebrovascular damage and increased blood pressure, and the probability of cerebral hemorrhage caused by is greatly increased.
Chinese scholars calculated through population data analysis that reduces the daily salt intake by 3 grams, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure can reduce 3 and 1.8 mmHg, and can reduce 1 13% stroke , including cerebral hemorrhage.
Currently, the recommended low-sodium diet for The daily salt intake of less than 5g. In addition to salt, typical high-salt foods include bacon, pickled vegetables and pickled vegetables. You should pay attention to the intake of salt in these foods in daily life.
In addition to these common foods, there are also some invisible processed foods with high salt content , which need to be carefully identified.
Generally speaking, Stay foods, processed meat products and baked or puffed foods are all higher in salt content , such as instant noodles, jerky, shredded squid, biscuits, potato chips, etc. Patients with hypertension should pay attention to check the sodium content in the nutritional content of the product to avoid unknowingly taking too much salt.
The second type: high-fat and high-sugar foods
Excessive intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods will lead to obesity, and This is one of the reasons for blood pressure instability for patients with hypertension.
High-fat diet will directly damage the vascular endothelium, forms atherosclerotic plaques, causing cerebral vascular sclerosis , making rupture and bleeding more likely.
High-fat diet will also form hyperlipidemia, which is more likely to cause cerebral hemorrhage. The content of saturated fatty acids in plasma increases, increasing blood viscosity, and forms a thrombus to block blood vessels, causing increased blood pressure, which is more likely to lead to cerebral hemorrhage.
In addition to a high-fat diet, a high-sugar diet is also something that patients with hypertension should avoid. According to statistics, children who contain a lot of sweet drinks or love sweets in their diet will have a great risk of heart disease when they are adults.
High sugar diet can cause rapid increase in blood sugar within two hours after meals. Excessive blood sugar will increase blood viscosity and higher blood pressure. A long-term high sugar diet will also lead to diabetes . In addition, hyperglycemia damages the vascular endothelium, causes the generation of a large number of atherosclerotic plaques. If the cerebral blood vessels are blocked, will also cause acute cerebrovascular events.
For patients with hypertension, try to eat less high-fat foods such as fat, nuts, and animal offal. At the same time, eat less fried foods, such as junk foods such as hamburgers and fries.
There are more and more processed foods in modern society. When eating, pay attention to the fat content in the nutritional content list. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 022 points out that should not exceed 25g daily fat intake; patients with hypertension can control their fat intake more strictly according to the doctor's advice.
The third type: Alcohol
Elderly patients with hypertension should quit drinking as much as possible. Drinking a lot of alcohol is one of the important factors that cause hypertension. Drinking too much alcohol will cause to vascular harden, increase blood viscosity, and increase blood pressure .
Long-term heavy drinking will not only lead to a decrease in self-immunity, but will also affect the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs to a certain extent. causes unstable blood pressure or continuous increase, which is more likely to cause acute events of cerebral hemorrhage.
Generally speaking, patients with hypertension should prevent cerebral hemorrhage, and should avoid high salt, high fat, high sugar and alcohol foods such as . The hidden salt, fat and sugars in various processed foods in life should also be avoided to prevent excessive intake of these foods without knowing them.
If patients with hypertension do not pay attention to diet in daily life, causing sudden increase in blood pressure and sudden cerebral hemorrhage, it will be a very urgent situation. needs to take some first aid measures to prevent their death. below introduces some first aid methods for cerebral hemorrhage.
3. First aid methods for sudden cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral hemorrhage progresses rapidly, so first aid measures are very important. First aid for cerebral hemorrhage is mainly to keep breathing smoothly, is waiting for professionals to treat. The following should be done mainly.
First: Based on clinical symptoms, , mainly hemiplegia , aphasia, incontinence , etc., call 120 immediately.
Second: Do not shake the patient's head at will, It is best to wait on the spot.
If the patient is clear, don’t let him have too much emotional fluctuations.The patient's collar can be unbuttoned, or the patient's tongue can be pulled out to prevent the suffix from blocking the trachea. Clean up oral secretions, ensures smooth breathing.
In addition to understanding the above first aid measures, patients with hypertension should pay attention in their daily lives to be low in salt and low in fat, eat more vegetables and fruits, and keep their blood pressure stable.
Summary:
Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is a sudden disease with high mortality and disability rates. is one of the possible serious complications for patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension should keep their blood pressure stable, and should pay attention to less salt, less sugar, low fat and quit alcohol in terms of diet.
patients with hypertension like Mr. Zhang must pay attention to eating, especially when eating processed food.
Processed desserts bought in supermarkets not only have high sugar content, but also have high fat content. Mr. Zhang eats two or three packs every day. This will lead to blood sugar and blood lipids problems, which will lead to increased blood pressure and cerebral hemorrhage. If someone around you suddenly suffers from cerebral hemorrhage, you should call 120 immediately, take corresponding measures to ensure that the patient's breathing is smooth, and wait for the doctor to arrive.
References:
[1] Zheng Zhiqiang, Wu Xueqin, Huang Fangming. How to prevent hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage [N]. China Food News , 2020-12-30(003). DOI: 10.2813
[2] Zhang Jianping. The occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in people with diabetes and hypertension and influencing factors [J]. Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use , 2020, 13(23): 147-148
[3] Yu Bing. The impact of health education on self-management of hypertensive patients in the community [J]. Chinese Community Doctor, 2022, 38(13): 138-140.
