9, cancer treatment options in the 20th century were largely limited to aggressive triple treatments for surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, all with traumatic side effects and could save lives to bring patients to the brink of death.
Over the past few decades, as we understand the disease, the countermeasures for treating cancer have become more detailed. It is very important to recognize that using "brute force" to attack cancer cells, excise them with a knife, incinerate them with radiation, and kill cancer cells with chemotherapy drugs. The results are very significant, but there is still a major problem: cancer sometimes recurs and learn how to escape the next attack. However, new treatments such as immunotherapy offer hope to patients who fail traditional treatment and provide the potential for lasting treatment.
Source: PICI-Park Cancer Immunotherapy Research Institute official website
immunotherapy is no stranger to everyone. As the fourth largest cancer treatment method after surgery, chemotherapy and targeted treatment, it can also be called the only "killer weapon" that can overcome cancer!
1 Immunotherapy is used before surgery, and cancer patients have a 37% reduction in death risk, and adverse events 42% reduction in
At present, for the sake of clinical safety and approval process, immunotherapy is often used for surgery, chemotherapy and becomes a backline treatment after surgery, chemotherapy. Many patients participated in clinical trials because other treatment methods were notified to be effective before they were forced to choose.
So, should immune drugs be used early or should they be used as the final "life-saving straw"?
As medical researchers have more and more clinical data, the time to track patients is longer and longer, the answer is obvious:
If the existing conditions allow, the earlier the immunotherapy should be accepted, the better. Use it early and benefit from it early. Don’t choose when there is no cure or a way out!
At the 2022 European Society for Oncology (ESMO) held not long ago, researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center released a study result: Even for early and mid-stage cancer, the earlier the immunotherapy is applied, the better the effect.
researchers only moved three doses of K drug treatment in melanoma patients after surgery before the surgery, which allowed the risk of death in patients to be reduced by 37% and the risk of adverse events to be reduced by 42%!
The S1801 study released this time has added strong evidence to the benefits of early application of immunotherapy:
study included 313 patients with stage IIB-IV melanoma who were preparing to undergo surgery.
(1) Neoadjuvant treatment group: First use Keytruda for neoadjuvant treatment, and then use Keytruda for auxiliary treatment after surgery. Assisted treatment;
(2) Adjuvant treatment group: directly undergoes surgery, and use the immunotherapy drug Keytruda for adjuvant treatment after surgery;
median follow-up for 14.7 months, 51% of the patients in the adjuvant treatment group had adverse events such as relapse, death, or inability to receive treatment as planned within 2 years, while only 28% of the patients in the neoadjuvant treatment group had these events within 2 years. Compared with adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy reduces the risk of adverse events in patients by 42% and the risk of death by 37%.
study confirmed that the risk of death is reduced by 30% for the first-line use of immunotherapy and dying
In August 2017, a big data about 20,013 non-small cell lung cancer patients published in the journal JAMA Oncol in August 2017, a total of 20,013 patients with non-small cell lung cancer have given everyone iron evidence:
study found that if immunotherapy is used as a first-line therapy and then treated with other drugs, the risk of death is reduced by more than 30% compared with patients who receive other drugs first and then immunotherapy!
As the third revolution in tumors, do you know?
Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, is a cancer treatment method that enhances the body's natural defense against cancer. It uses substances made by the body or laboratory to improve or restore immune system function.
On the one hand, the immune system recognizes and eliminates invading bacteria, viruses, etc., and on the other hand, the immune system will also remove very small tumors in the body by itself. However, as we grow older, our immunity gradually decreases. The occurrence of cancer is like a battle between cancer cells and the immune system in the body. In the end, the immune system is defeated. The cancer cells dominate the world and grow freely in the body, causing cancer. There are many reasons for the defeat of the immune system. In the final analysis, there are two:
1. The cancer cells are well disguised, making dendritic cells unable to recognize and kill cancer cells;
2. The number of immune cells in the body decreases, and there is not enough force (killer T cells) to eliminate cancer cells.
An immunotherapy will prevent or slow the growth of cancer cells through the following methods.
. Helps train the immune system to better identify and attack cancer cells.
. Activate cancer fighters in the body using specific drugs from the immune system, such as antibodies.
. Eliminate cancer cells by releasing the molecular "brake" mechanism of the immune system's attack on cancer.
Whether at home or abroad, these immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of multiple malignant tumors. For domestic cancer patients, I must have heard of the "big name" of immunotherapy many times, but I don't really know it.
In-depth understanding, there is always one of the five major categories of immunotherapy suitable for you!
Compared with targeted therapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy has an essential difference. It does not directly kill cancer cells, but mobilizes immune cells in the body that can recognize tumors, and rely on them to indirectly kill and control cancer.
At present, immunotherapy can be divided into five categories:
1. Monoclonal antibodies/immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/L1, CTLA-4 inhibitors);
2. Oncolytic virus (T-VEC);
3. Cancer vaccine (provenge/cimavax, etc.);
3. Cancer vaccine (provenge/cimavax, etc.); m l2
4. Adoptive immune cell therapy (specific therapy mainly for CAR-T and TCR-T, non-specific therapy mainly for NK and DC);
5. cytokine and non-specific immunomodulator
Note: Dendritic cell (DC) cells can also be used as adoptive immunotherapy, but the anti-tumor properties of dendritic cells are consistent with the vaccine principle, so in recent years, more are called dendritic cell vaccines in clinical practice.
Next, the editor will briefly introduce several of the more important immunotherapy methods for reference by all carcinoma friends.
monoclonal antibody/immune checkpoint inhibitor
PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways are crucial to the immune system's ability to control cancer growth. These pathways are often referred to as immune checkpoints. Many cancers use these pathways to escape the pursuit of the immune system.Antibodies specific to immune checkpoint inhibitors can block these pathways in response to cancer. Once the immune system can detect and cope with cancer, it can stop or slow the development of cancer.
Speaking of this, we have to mention that the biggest difference between immunotherapy and traditional treatment is the tailing effect of immunotherapy, that is, patients who benefit can continuously obtain stable effects from immunotherapy and bring long-term survival. The following is a brief use of two clinical studies to prove the long-term benefits that immunotherapy can bring to patients.
-year survival rate has increased by 3 times. PD-1 opens the road to long-term survival for advanced lung cancer
On June 15, 2018, Bristol-Myers Squibb PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab (nivolumab) was officially approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer! This is the world's first PD-1 inhibitor O drug to be launched!
At the 2017 American Cancer Research Association (AACR) annual meeting, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab was amazing!
According to the data from 2008 to 2015 statistics by the National Cancer Institute, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer was only about 5%, while , and the 5-year survival rate of the CheckMate-003 study at the AACR annual meeting was 16%! The median overall survival (OS) was 9.9 months.
This means that O drug can triple the 5-year survival rate of advanced non-small cell lung cancer by 3 times, which is simply good news for advanced patients!
The largest population size long-term follow-up data, and the second-line immunity of lung cancer won!
At the AACR annual meeting held in April 2019, a research on the largest and longest follow-up period of PD-1 antibody therapy to date jointly released by 17 research institutions.
In this summary analysis called the Megacurve, the researchers calculated the 4-year survival rate of 664 patients in four large clinical studies of Nivolumab (CheckMate-017, CheckMate-057, CheckMate-063 and CheckMate-003). These patients have received other treatments before using immunotherapy.
Even in such a large population, patients treated with nivolumab can still maintain the overall survival rate of html for 14 years. In addition, we can also see in the figure below that from the third year, the patient's survival will enter the platform period, and the benefits will continue to exist.
Megacurve supercurve
More importantly, it can be seen from the survival curve. For patients responding to tumor immunotherapy , the curve is almost flat after two years. What does this mean?
shows that almost all patients who have lived for two years can survive for four years. This once again proves a huge advantage of immunotherapy: long-term survival!
cell immunotherapy
cell immunotherapy utilizes the self-protection and killing ability of the human immune system to achieve anti-tumor effects. introduces cells with immune function in vitro to culture and proliferate, and uses technical means to give them the ability to attack tumor cells, and then input them into the patient's body to achieve their own anti-cancer. This therapy targets immune cells, not cancer cells , and does not cause huge harm to the patient's body like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. can be treated directly for early cancer patients, especially after surgery, the attack on residual cancer cells is most obvious.
Judging from the rapid development in scientific research and clinical practice in recent years, cell immunotherapy has given people high hopes for accuracy, effectiveness and safety, and is expected to rapidly rise to become the fourth pillar of anti-cancer therapy.Especially by 2022, cell immunotherapy will continue to continue its strong momentum in 2021 and develop more rapidly. There are many therapies that are being clinically recruited in China, covering patients with a variety of cancer types, allowing more and more Chinese cancer patients to benefit clinically!
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CAR-T cell therapy
CAR-T therapy is chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy, which is a new precise targeted therapy for the treatment of tumors. activates T cells through genetic engineering technology and installs a location navigation device CAR (tumor chimeric antigen receptor), transforming T cells, an ordinary "warrior", into "super warrior" , that is, CAR-T cells. specifically recognizes tumor cells in the body and efficiently kills tumor cells , thereby achieving the purpose of treating malignant tumors.
At present, with the 2021 Akilanse Injection and Rekialense Injection successively approved for marketing in China, and in 2022 Sida Kialense was approved for marketing by the US FDA , CAR-T therapy has entered a period of explosion. In particular, CAR-T technology has shown good therapeutic effects in various hematologic tumors, such as leukemia , lymphoma , and multiple myeloma , which has enabled most of the patients with blood cancer who are on the verge of despair and have no cure to obtain good therapeutic effects.
On June 1, 2022, Samik Upadhaya, Ph.D., from the American Cancer Institute, conducted in-depth analysis of the current cancer cell treatment prospects, R&D pipelines and clinical trials, among which CAR-T therapy took the lead!
As of April 15, 2022, there are 2756 cell therapies in the global immuno-oncology pipeline in that are in an active development state, an increase of 36% over the same period in 2021. Among them, CAR-T cell therapy has the largest number, with the largest number, an increase of 24% compared with last year. The growth rate of based on 's natural killer cell (NK) therapy also slowed down, up 55% compared with last year.
In terms of popular targets, like in 2021, CD19, BCMA, CD22, CD20, CD123 are still the most common targets in the field of hematologic tumors ; in terms of solid tumor , tumor-associated antigens (TAA), HER2, mesothelin (MSLN), GPC2/3, EGFR are the most common targeting proteins.
It is worth mentioning that CAR-T therapy has made outstanding progress in the fields of gastric cancer , liver cancer , pancreatic cancer , etc. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out various modifications to CAR-T and have continuously discovered new targets for the treatment of various solid tumors.
Related articles: First time in the world! The remission rate reached 100%, and the first patient had no cancer for more than 2 years! Domestic CAR-T therapy targets lymphoma and more solid tumors!
Patients with advanced liver cancer have survived for more than 3 years without cancer! The tumor lesions completely disappeared! Guoyan's CAR-T therapy targeting GPC3 has made rapid progress!
Currently, it is urgent to recruit B cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma , T cell leukemia (T-ALL), acute lymphocytic leukemia , multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , liver cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer , thyroid cancer , mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and other cancers!
If you want to evaluate whether your condition can receive CAR-T therapy, you can submit pathological report, treatment experience and discharge summary to cancer-free home medicine department for preliminary evaluation!
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TCR-T treatment
CAR-T cells and TCR-T cells are both T cells modified by genetic engineering technology. Compared with CAR-T therapy, TCR-T therapy has unique advantages in the field of solid tumor treatment.
TCR-T cell therapy can identify tumor-specific antigen from the surface of the cell membrane or intracellular sources. It has entered clinical applications from the initial basic immune research and has shown initial efficacy in solid tumors, becoming the T cell immunotherapy that is most likely to make breakthroughs in the field of solid tumors!
. A number of domestic TCR-T cell therapies have been approved for clinical trials, becoming a new force in the treatment of liver cancer
hepatic cancer TCR-T product has been approved for clinical trials
On May 9, 2022, Xinghande Bio's SCG101 autologous T cell injection was approved by the Singapore Drug Administration (HSA). On March 10, the Drug Review Center of the China National Drug Administration (CDE) publicly stated that SCG101 autologous T cell injection successfully obtained implicit permission for clinical trials to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
▲ Image source: CDE official website
April 20, 2022, Xiangxue Life Sciences' innovative product TAEST1901 injection has obtained clinical trial license from the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). It is intended to be used to treat advanced liver cancer or other advanced tumors whose tissue genotype is HLA-A*02:01 and tumor antigen AFP expression is positive.
▲ Image source: CDE official website
. Advanced liver cancer ushers in a new dawn! TCR-T therapy allows cancer patients to completely relieve
As early as the 2020 International Liver Disease Conference (ILC), a new TCR-T therapy for liver cancer based on T cells ADP-A2AFP caused a big sensation and also gave new breakthroughs in new therapies for liver cancer.
Among the included patients, one patient had a complete remission (CR) performance in , and the other participants' alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) also showed varying degrees of decline. means that the trial has made progress, which also shows that the treatment of advanced liver cancer is effective. All 9 patients who participated in
had undergone surgery and routine chemoradiation and chemotherapy, but failed or intolerable. Among the 4 patients who received the highest dose of treatment, 1 patient in received complete remission. The CT scan showed that all the lesions in the patient's body disappeared, and after the complete remission, it had lasted for more than half a year without any recurrence!
The best response for other patients (cohort 1, cohort 2) is the stable condition. In one patient in cohort 2, the volume of the primary lesion did not shrink after one month of treatment, but the volume of the mediastinal lymph node metastasis was significantly reduced!
Therefore, TCR-T therapy targeting AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) can kill tumor cells expressing AFP. Based on the positive results of this study, the researchers are expected to expand the maximum dose to 5 billion cells for treatment. We look forward to the updated data for this study to be disclosed!
related articles: Big news! The world's first TCR-T cell therapy has been approved for marketing! Solid tumor cell therapy is expected to usher in a breakthrough!
Currently, there is a TCR-T therapy developed to recruit patients with liver cancer to conduct clinical trials. Patients who want to participate can consult Cancer-free Home Medical Department for detailed entry and ranking standards.
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NK/CAR-NK treatment
In the past two years, in addition to the above-mentioned T cell therapy, another new cancer cell therapy - Natural killer (NK) cell therapy has also gradually attracted attention. The researchers say NK cell has more potential as a cellular anti-cancer therapy, and it may be safer, cheaper and faster.
. Survival period exceeds 4 years. NK therapy completely disappears in patients with liver cancer, and the tumor is significantly reduced. The effect of
on the field of NK cell therapy in the field of liver cancer treatment. The editor of Cancer-Free Home Today started with a case report of NK therapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma published in a well-known foreign journal "Oncotargets and Therapy", to introduce the efficacy and safety of NK cell therapy to all cancer friends.
This male patient was diagnosed with advanced diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma in June 2016, T3N1M1 [i.e. IV stage according to the tumor-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) stage system].
From March 2017 to July 2018, completed 17 courses of NK cell treatment, each course was performed once a month and injected for two consecutive days. It is worth mentioning that patients did not receive other treatments during NK cell treatment.
After 17 months of treatment, the treatment effect of this patient was particularly surprising! After
courses of treatment, the patient's pleural effusion and ascites decreased significantly. Patients have maintained this status since the end of treatment. In addition, after 17 courses of NK cell treatment, the volume of multiple tumors in the right liver lobe decreased.
It is worth mentioning that so far, the patient's survival time is >48 months, that is, more than 4 years!
NK cell CT scan results before and during treatment and during treatment
Figure A1~A5: CT scan showed that pleural effusion completely disappeared after 6 treatments;
Figure B1~B5: CT scan showed that ascites disappeared almost completely after 6 treatments;
Figure C1~C5: CT: Scan showed that the size of multiple tumors in the right lobe of the liver was 17 It significantly reduced after one course of treatment;
, the disease control rate reached 71.4%! NK cell therapy has strong lethality against liver cancer!
A recent prospective study on the treatment of liver cancer in the journal Journal of Modern Oncology, medical scientists from the Cancer Research Institute of Fuda Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University conducted NK cell immunotherapy on 17 liver cancer patients admitted from February 2016 to September 2017, injected highly active NK cells into the patients, and tracked and observed the patient's condition.
treatment results are surprising! After NK cell immunotherapy, the objective response rate of all patients was 14.3%, and the disease control rate was 71.4%. In terms of short-term clinical efficacy, patients with a large number of treatments were slightly better than those with a small number of treatments; and before and after treatment, no adverse reactions occurred in patients, which fully demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of NK cell immunotherapy. The success of
CAR-T cell therapy has inspired people's enthusiasm for modifying NK cells with CAR genes to enhance their tumor killing ability.
CAR-NK is a chimeric antibody that can recognize tumor cells and activate NK cells to kill tumor cells by genetic engineering. In 2020, CAR-NK immune cell therapy was included in the authoritative academic journal "Nature-Medicine" and one of the ten generations of attention in the field of biomedical .
Increasingly, in vitro and in vivo studies have verified the activity of CAR-NK cells on solid tumors, and most of the preclinical data can be used for gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma , breast cancer , ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer . These results contributed to the initiation of the first clinical trial of CAR-NK cells for solid tumor treatment.
Want to seek help from NK cell therapy or CAR-NK cell therapy and other new domestic and foreign treatment technologies. If economic conditions allow, patients can first submit their medical records to Cancer-free Home Medical Department for preliminary evaluation.
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Tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) treatment
TILs therapy, to put it simply, isolate and purify lymphocytes in surgically removed tumor tissue, select lymphocytes that can specifically fight cancer, and then amplify and activate and return to inject. This type of therapy has a history of more than 30 years and was first used in malignant melanoma. In recent years, it has given outstanding data in various solid tumors such as cervical cancer and lung cancer.
This therapy is equivalent to directly pulling back veterans with combat experience from the battlefield. After a round of "political review" and "big competition" of business capabilities, the traitors and traitors should be eliminated as much as possible, leaving the strongest combat power, providing supplies, and then sending them back to the battlefield to continue fighting.
Looking at the entire industry, the call for "the innovative therapy LN-144 (Lifileucel) based on TILS cells is expected to be approved in 2022". TILs therapy, as an "old" cell therapy, is expected to usher in the first approved product this year. Its huge potential in the treatment of solid tumors cannot be underestimated. Its strength is strong and relatively "out of the circle".
If economic conditions allow and you want to consult TILs cell therapy, you can submit the pathological report, treatment experience, discharge summary and other information to Cancer-free Home Medical Department to evaluate the condition in detail.
cancer vaccine
For decades, cancer vaccines have become a form of immunotherapy, preventing cancer from developing or killing existing tumors by stimulating or restoring the human body's own immune system.
In addition to the HPV vaccine is a well-known preventive cancer vaccine, is currently the world's first and only cancer treatment vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is Provenge (sipuleucel-T) . This vaccine has realized the idea of using the patient's own immune system to attack cancer cells for the first time.
dendritic cell vaccine has actually made many major breakthroughs in animal experiments and early clinical trials. Among them, the development of dendritic cell vaccines for brain tumors, renal cancer , and melanoma has entered the third phase of clinical trials and is expected to be launched. Cancer-free home has specially listed some major research for you by looking up a large amount of literature. If you want to know more detailed clinical trials, you can call us for consultation.
1. Melanoma—TLPLDC vaccine
2.AV-GBM-1 vaccine—glioblastoma
3.Renal cancer—ilixadencel vaccine
4.Ovarian cancer—DCVAC/OvCA vaccine
5. Lung cancer—CCL21-dendritis vaccine
6. Brain tumor—DCVax-L vaccine
7. Lymphoma-dendritis vaccine
8. Breast cancer-Her2 pulse dendritic cell vaccine
Related articles: COVID-19 technology helps fight cancer? ! The blessing of cancer patients! Individualized cancer vaccines have made many breakthroughs!
major breakthrough! Can cancer be ended by a new vaccine? The era of cancer-free is coming soon!
Can cancer be conquered by tumor vaccines? YES! A variety of dendritic cell vaccines are ushering in an era of boom!
The editor has something to say
In recent years, due to the development of medical standards, new cancer treatment methods have emerged one after another, among which cellular immunotherapy is in full swing, bringing new hope to tumor patients.
According to the latest statistics, compared with advanced lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and other patients who only undergo surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, auxiliary cell immunotherapy can enable patients to prolong their survival and significantly improve the data effect.
In fact, tumor treatment is actually a complex "engineering". It is difficult to achieve good results simply by relying on a certain treatment method. Tumor treatment requires the cooperation of various treatment methods to achieve the final victory in the fight against cancer.
This article is an original cancer-free home
