The body is not old, the joints are prematurely aging, joint lesions and degeneration have become a major threat to national health. According to statistics, the incidence of arthritis in my country is about 13%, with more than 122 million patients, and it is increasing continuously. The prevalence of osteoarthritis among people over 65 years old is more than 50%, while in people over 75 years old, this value reaches 100%.
This year is the 26th " World Arthritis Day ". A reporter from Benliu News interviewed Zhou Shuhong, director of the Department of Immunization and Rheumatology of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, on common symptoms of joints and their daily maintenance measures.
↑Zhou Shuhong, Director of the Department of Immunization and Rheumatology at Gansu Provincial People's Hospital
Question: How do arthritis be classified in clinical practice?
Answer: Currently, there are 10 types of arthritis diagnosed in clinical practice. Clinical practice divides arthritis into four categories: degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis ), erosive arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), metabolic arthritis (gouty arthritis), non-erosive arthritis (systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis), etc. The most common are osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout.
Question: What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis is commonly known as "periosteal wear and long bone spurs" in the mouth of ordinary people. Osteoarthritis is mainly caused by joint aging. As we age, the cartilage accumulates and wears more and more, and in the end there is no cartilage, and severe osteoarthritis occurs. Osteoarthritis is very common among middle-aged and elderly people, and it is easy to develop in women, with the incidence rate of men and women being about 1:2.
Osteoarthritis is also a disease of joint aging, so the incidence rate becomes higher and higher as you age. Among people over 45 years old in my country, the proportion of people suffering from symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is 8.1%.
↑ Free clinic site of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital
Question: What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease . 80% of the disease occur in young and middle-aged people aged 35-50. It is more common in women, so it is also called "the killer of middle-aged and young women". Common manifestations are symmetrical pain in the joints of both fingers, wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, and feet, often accompanied by stiff joints when getting up in the morning. Joint deformities often occur without standardized treatment, which seriously affects work and life.
generally manifests as multiple and symmetrical arthritis of the hand and foot small joints. Long-term joint synovial inflammation and swelling invasion will lead to joint deformities and loss of function. Most blood tests are accompanied by rheumatoid factor , anti-cyclic citrulline antibodies, etc.
Question: Will ankylosing spondylitis be hereditary?
Answer: ankylosing spondylitis mainly invades the spine and is more common in young and middle-aged men. It is a "slayer of young men". It is mainly manifested as low back pain when getting up at night and in the morning. It can also cause asymmetrical arthritis of the lower limbs, and spinal deformity without treatment, which seriously affects the quality of life. Most of them have family history, and more than 90% of the patients are HLA-B27 positive.
Question: What symptoms will gouty arthritis cause?
Answer: After long-term hyperuricemia in the body, urate crystals in the joints are deposited and induce arthritis. The pain is severe, red and swelling is obvious, and it can naturally subside in the early stage. Intermittent attacks, if not treated, turn into chronic gouty arthritis, and then become persistent pain. In addition to causing joint deformities, gout can also cause renal insufficiency, hypertension, , coronary heart disease, , stroke, , etc. The trend of gout has now become a young male and obese patient.
↑Gansu Provincial People's Hospital Free Clinic Site
Question: What are the criteria for judging arthritis?
Answer: has five criteria for judging arthritis: redness, swelling, heat, pain, and dysfunction.
Red: It is acute infection with arthritis and will cause redness and swelling of joints; Swelling: It is the most common clinical manifestation of arthritis and is not necessarily related to the degree of joint pain; Heat: Because the joint blood circulation is particularly low, it is cool to the touch under normal circumstances, and the body temperature is lower than that of other parts.If the joint is hot or even hot, it proves that the joints are inflammatory and need treatment; pain: It is also a common manifestation of arthritis. The painful area should be clear, one joint is painful, other parts do not; dysfunction: When arthritis occurs, pain and inflammation will occur, which will cause edema in the tissues around the joints, resulting in joint movement restriction . Patients with chronic arthritis may lead to permanent loss of joint function due to long-term limitation of joint movement.
Question: Patients who often hear joint pain say that they have arthritis "predicted" and can accurately predict the weather forecast. Why?
Answer: When there are rainy weather, especially when there are continuous rainy and severe cooling, the air pressure and high humidity will cause arthritis patients to experience more obvious joint swelling and pain. Because when the temperature drops, the viscosity of synovial fluid between joints in patients with arthritis increases, which increases joint resistance, affects joint movement, and even causes pain. Therefore, the weather changes, and local capillaries and tissues of arthritis patients change, releasing inflammatory substances, resulting in a sensation of soreness and swelling. You can determine that the weather is about to change at the first time. Patients with arthritis should pay attention to weather changes, add clothes in time, wear knee pads, wrist guards and other protective gear to protect their joints, pay special attention to keeping warm in the joint area to prevent the body from getting cold.
Question: How to prevent arthritis in daily life?
Answer: joints also need maintenance. 1. Lose weight. Generally speaking, the occurrence of arthritis is closely related to obesity, so weight loss is the top priority for arthritis patients. To reduce your body weight means to reduce the weight load on your joints; 2. Keep warm. After getting cold and cold, the tissues and blood vessels around the joints will contract, causing poor blood circulation and aggravate the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Patients should keep warm, and female patients should also avoid wearing high heels; 3. Exercise. Correct and appropriate exercise can prevent, delay and slow down the progression of arthritis. Helpful exercises include: swimming, walking, riding bicycle , practicing Tai Chi , lying straight legs and raising activities. Incorrect over-exercise can worsen osteoarthritis, such as climbing mountains, climbing stairs, squatting and standing up; 4. Replenish calcium. Malnutrition can cause osteoporosis and reduce muscle strength supporting joints, which can also contribute to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Pay attention to increasing the intake of high-quality protein in your daily diet and supplement calcium agents and vitamin D in moderation. The best time to supplement calcium is before going to bed every night. Drink less carbonated beverages and beverages containing caffeine . The elderly should eat more dairy products, soy products, seafood, eggs, vegetables, etc. to ensure calcium intake; 5. Monitor bone density. It is recommended that people over 45 years old have bone density checks once a year, especially for women in menopause.
text·picture丨Benliu News reporter Ouyang Haijie
