October 8 is the 25th National Hypertension Day . Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and a major public health problem worldwide. With the aging of the population and the improvement of living standards, the prevalence of hypertension has increased year by year. According to statistics, the number of patients with hypertension in my country has reached 300 million, with more than 3 million new cases per year.
Compared with the huge population of hypertension patients, the awareness, control rate and treatment rate of hypertension are still at a relatively low level, and blood pressure control is a difficult point. What is the difficulty? A reporter from Benliu News interviewed Xie Ping, director of the Cardiovascular Disease Research Center and director of the Department of Cardiology 1, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital.
Question: It is said that if you adjust your lifestyle well, take medicine and treat it well, you can control your high blood pressure well. But there are still many people who cannot effectively control it. What is the difficulty?
Answer: Most patients with hypertension do not know that they have hypertension, which is a difficulty in control. Many people believe that hypertension is an elderly disease. In fact, this disease has become younger now, and there are many 18-year-old young people suffering from hypertension. Therefore, if you want to control your blood pressure, you must first understand your own blood pressure. Only by monitoring your blood pressure regularly can you promptly know whether you have hypertension. It is recommended that every adult monitors blood pressure regularly, especially high-risk groups: adults over 18 years old should measure their blood pressure at least once every two years, people over 35 years old should measure their blood pressure every year, and people who are prone to hypertension should measure their blood pressure every 6 months. If the measurement frequency is increased, it is also beneficial to the body.
Question: What is the criterion for judging hypertension?
Answer: 1. Without antihypertensive drugs, if blood pressure exceeds 140/90mmHg three times on the same day, it can be diagnosed as hypertension and start lifestyle intervention and drug treatment. 2. If the blood pressure exceeds 130/80mmHg, it should attract attention. As the blood pressure rises, it may bring harm to the heart, brain and kidneys, and lifestyle intervention should be carried out.
Question: hypertensive acute has an acute onset and a poor prognosis. What are the causes?
Answer: causes a sharp increase in blood pressure. The most common reasons are such as stopping the use of antihypertensive drugs or not taking antihypertensive drugs as prescribed by the doctor; taking drugs that affect the metabolism of antihypertensive drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid , immunosuppressant , antiangiogenesis treatment, gastric mucosal protective agents, etc.; taking sympathomimetic drugs, such as cocaine, lysergic diacetamide, amphetamine; severe trauma, surgery; acute and chronic pain; acute infection; emotional excitement, mental stress, panic attacks, etc., as well as smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes , etc.
Question: What are the clinical manifestations of hypertension acute?
Answer: The main clinical manifestations of hypertension acute diseases are sharp increases in blood pressure in a short period of time, accompanied by obvious dizziness, headache, vertigo, blurred vision and visual impairment, irritability, chest pain , dyspnea and other symptoms. In addition, some atypical symptoms may occur, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, etc.
But it should be noted that symptoms such as acute aortic dissection and acute heart failure are similar to those of hypertension and are easily misdiagnosed as hypertension and need to be distinguished.
Question: The patient knows that his blood pressure is high, but he has no symptoms. He also forgets antihypertensive drugs once and once. How harmful is this situation?
Answer: If a patient with hypertension is diagnosed, he or she must start drug treatment while having lifestyle intervention. Never take antihypertensive medications after one meal. Because hypertension unknowingly damages the arteries of the body until complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke , renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, etc. occur. It is too late to treat again.
In addition to following the doctor's advice for medication, you must also have a healthy lifestyle, limit salt, lose weight, exercise more, quit smoking, quit drinking, and have a calm mind.
Question: How can blood pressure be considered as blood pressure meets the standard in patients with hypertension?
Answer: patients with hypertension should insist on taking medication for a long time and encourage the choice of long-acting antihypertensive drugs that can be taken once a day to ensure stable blood pressure.The standard for blood pressure meeting the standard is: Generally, patients with hypertension have a blood pressure drop below 140/90mmHg, patients with diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, , chronic renal disease and proteinuria should reduce it to below 130/80mmHg; patients aged 65-79 will reduce the blood pressure to below 140/90mmHg. If tolerated, it can further reduce it to below 130/80mmHg; patients aged 80 and above will reduce it to below 140/90mmHg. The blood pressure meeting is not just about the blood pressure dropping to the normal range, but also for the standard to meet the standard smoothly, the morning standard and the long-term standard.
text·picture丨Benliu News reporter Ouyang Haijie
