September 12, 2022 is the 18th " China's Day for Preventing Birth Defects ". The theme of this year's event is "Preventing and Treating Birth Defects and Promoting Reproductive Health". How is the progress of the work of preventing birth defects in Shaanxi Province, what measures are taken, and what precautions are there for the public? On September 9, Health Guide reporter interviewed Qiang Rong, director of the Medical Genetics Center of Northwest Women and Children's Hospital.
Reporter : Please introduce the progress and effectiveness and measures of the prevention and control of birth defects in our province?
Qiangrong : Birth defects are one of the main causes of neonatal death, and preventing and treating birth defects is increasingly becoming the focus of maternal and child health work. In order to do a good job in preventing and controlling birth defects and improving the quality of the birth population, under the direct concern of the leaders of the provincial party committee and government, and under the unified arrangement and deployment of the Provincial Health Commission, our province focuses on the critical nodes of pregnancy and neonatal periods, focusing on the serious and frequent occurrence and technology. Mature, good prognosis, and controllable key diseases with high costs, from the perspective of general and basic insurance, a prenatal screening and neonatal disease screening service system covering the entire population has been established. Simply put, the government provides free prenatal screening for pregnant women with , Down syndrome , neural tube defects and other major death-related birth defects, according to the standard of 452 yuan per person per pregnancy; provides free prenatal screening for newborns Phenylketonuria , congenital hypothyroidism, congenital heart disease and hearing screening.
Since its implementation on August 1, 2019, as of the first half of this year, 4.05 million pregnant women and newborns have benefited from it, and more than 5,300 cases of birth defects in newborns such as genetic metabolic diseases, hearing impairment, and congenital heart disease have been discovered and effectively intervened in more than 5,300 cases of birth defects in newborns such as genetic metabolic diseases, hearing impairment, and congenital heart disease. , after early diagnosis and treatment, physical, intellectual, hearing and other disabilities caused by birth defects are avoided to the greatest extent, and are widely welcomed by the masses. At the beginning of 2022, the Provincial Department of Finance organized a third party to conduct key performance evaluations of the project, and the satisfaction with the implementation effect of the masses reached 94.86%, and the overall evaluation reached the highest "A" level. In 2021, the 4th China Birth Defect Intervention and Rescue Science and Technology Award specially awarded the Commission Special Contribution Award .
In order to do this work, First, focuses on improving the birth defect prevention and control service system covering provinces, cities and counties, and has successively established provincial prenatal diagnosis centers, neonatal genetic metabolic diseases, hearing impairment diagnosis and treatment centers and neonatal congenital congenitality, and neonatal congenitality. Heart disease treatment institutions, etc., continue to strengthen the quality management of screening, diagnosis and treatment links in prevention and treatment services.
The second is the unified specification of the screening service standards of . Formulate a unified implementation plan and various screening service specifications across the province, and include screening technology in the quality control system of medical care, inspection, etc. for unified management. formulates an information management system for issuing information, develops a birth defect prevention and control information management system and puts it into operation, summarizes and evaluates screening information and results every quarter to ensure that screening services continue to be implemented well.
Third, actively builds a full-chain closed-loop management model from screening to diagnosis and treatment to rehabilitation and assistance. It has joined hands with the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, Medical Insurance Bureau, Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments to control birth defect prevention and control policies and civil affairs assistance, medical insurance reimbursement, and rehabilitation assistance. The policies are organically connected, and children with birth defects can enjoy relevant people-friendly policies in a timely manner through timely sharing of information.
Fourth, effectively strengthens the construction of a talent team for the prevention and control of birth defects. One provincial-level talent training base for the prevention and control of birth defects and four collaborative units will be established, and medium- and long-term training will be carried out in conjunction with the provincial prenatal ultrasound training base and other departments.
5: continues to improve the full-process fertility service. Vigorously implement pre-pregnancy eugenic health examinations, supplementing folic acid , maternal health management, Aimei B mother-child blockade and other projects covering pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and neonatal periods, strengthen services for key nodes throughout the birth process, and continuously improve the comprehensive birth defects Prevention mode.
Reporter : Marriage examination and pregnancy test and folic acid supplementation are important measures to prevent and control birth defects. Please introduce the implementation of the marriage examination and folic acid supplementation project in our province.
Qiangrong : actively promotes free premarital medical examinations. will fully implement the free premarital medical examination system into the " Shaanxi Province Population and Family Planning Regulations ", and clarify the main responsibility of governments at all levels to promote free marriage examination in the form of local regulations. As of 2021, 10 cities and 1 district in our province, 10 cities and 1 district in our province All have established a free premarital medical examination system, with 128 free marriage examination institutions covering all counties, districts and cities. Through continuous guidance, the marriage inspection rate in our province has increased year by year, from the lowest point of 1.97% to 58.7%. Here we also call on everyone to actively participate in the marriage examination, which also requires strong support from all sectors of society and relevant departments to jointly increase the marriage examination rate in our province.
implements free pre-pregnancy eugenic health checks. includes free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examinations into the management of basic public health service projects, establishes and improves quality management systems, and provides free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination services to 1.9703 million people from 2018 to 2021, and the annual pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination rates are above 90%.
implements folic acid replenishment to prevent neural tube defects. actively broadens the channels for folic acid distribution, and set up free folic acid distribution points in the marriage registration office, pre-pregnancy eugenic examination clinic, pregnancy health clinic, village clinic , etc. to ensure that all the distribution should be distributed. From 2018 to 2022, a total of more than 1.49 million women of childbearing age in the province were given free folic acid. The service rate of folic acid reached more than 98%, which had a significant effect. The incidence of neural tube defects in our province dropped from 12,600 per million in 2018 to 61/00,000 in 2021, a decrease of 52%.
Reporter : We know that there are many links in the occurrence of birth defects, so how should the public prevent birth defects?
Qiangrong : Preventing birth defects is a systematic project. We must strengthen health awareness and risk prevention in all periods such as before marriage, before pregnancy, and intrapregnancy. Specifically, before marriage, , should avoid getting married in close relatives and reduce the risk of hereditary diseases. ; Both men and women who are preparing to get married should take the initiative to receive premarital health care services such as premarital medical examinations. Before pregnancy, should develop a healthy lifestyle and prepare for pregnancy scientifically. Couples who plan to get pregnant should undergo eugenic health checks before pregnancy. Couples with family history of genetic diseases or bad pregnancy and birth should go to the medical institution for targeted consultation and guidance; Women who plan to become pregnant should also take 0.4 mg folic acid or 0.4 mg folic acid or 0.4 mg every day starting from the first 3 months of pregnancy A complex vitamin containing 0.4 mg of folic acid should be taken for at least 3 months after pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects.
, especially during pregnancy, should have a reasonable diet and balanced nutrition, maintain moderate weight growth, and improve self-protection awareness to avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances. For example, avoid contact with lead, mercury, benzene, formaldehyde, , pesticides and other toxic and harmful substances. Avoid contact with radiation, and should not be in close contact with cats, dogs and other animals; medication should also be used with caution during pregnancy, and medication should be used reasonably if necessary under the guidance of a doctor; prenatal examinations should be received during the entire pregnancy, and prenatal screening for Down syndrome in the early pregnancy In the middle of pregnancy, you should receive ultrasound prenatal screening. If there are abnormal situations, you should actively receive guidance from doctors and have prenatal diagnosis.
Finally, after the baby is born, must also undergo relevant diseases screening in a timely manner to promote the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of congenital diseases, and reduce the occurrence of children's disabilities. (Reporter Yu Fei)
