Diabetes is . Urinary disease is a group of characterized by high blood sugar. Metabolic disease . Long-term high blood sugar can induce a variety of diseases, leading to heart, kidney, fundus, blood vessels, nerves, etc. Chronic damage and dysfunction of tissues and organs seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients; and diabetes is a lifelong disease, once it is sick, it needs to be treated and controlled for life; friends often ask: Can diabetes be prevented ? Can diabetes be reversed? Can you not take medicine? In fact, type 2 diabetes is completely preventable, and if enough attention is paid in the pre-diabetes and early stages, it can completely prevent or delay the occurrence of diabetes; let’s learn about the prevention and reversal of diabetes;
1. The normal range of blood glucose and the diagnostic criteria of diabetes
The normal range of blood glucose is: fasting blood glucose <5.6mol/l,>
and the diagnostic criteria of diabetes Yes: fasting blood glucose≥7.0mol/L, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose≥11.1mol/L;
2. impaired fasting blood glucose :
if 5.6mol/L≤fasting blood glucose <7.0>
3. impaired glucose tolerance :
If 7.8.0mol/L≤2 hours postprandial blood glucose and urine <11.1mol/l,that> is called prediabetes According to statistics, the prevalence rate of pre-diabetes is as high as 15.15%; , Pre-diabetes is the only way to the natural course of diabetes
Patients with pre-diabetes are particularly prone to develop diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications is significantly increased. Pre-diabetes is the only way to the natural course of diabetes. If there is no intervention, most people will develop diabetes. Studies have shown that after 4 years of pre-diabetic patients, 10.8% to 20.9% of people will develop type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that people with impaired fasting blood sugar have a 5-fold increase in the risk of diabetes.
2, Pre-diabetes, also pre-cardiovascular diseaseIt is also a high-risk group of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because people with prediabetes already have insulin resistance (that is, insensitive to insulin), dyslipidemia, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, and early changes in atherosclerosis have appeared , That is, before the occurrence of diabetes, cardiovascular damage has already begun. This is the reason why many patients with diabetes are found to have symptoms as soon as they are diagnosed with diabetes.
6. Pre-diabetes is reversible
Although pre-diabetes is the only way for the development of diabetes, it does not necessarily develop into diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a reversible stage. The Daqing Diabetes Study in my country, Finland and the United States' Diabetes Prevention Program study all found that early intervention can reduce the risk of diabetes by 30%-40%. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with pre-diabetes reduce the risk of diabetes through diet control and increased exercise, regular blood sugar check, and long-term adherence; at the same time, strict control of other risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high uric acid, ) High homocysteine, proteinuria and dyslipidemia, etc.), and give appropriate treatment. my country's Daqing Diabetes Research 30 years of follow-up proved that early lifestyle intervention can not only delay the onset of diabetes, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events and microvascular disease, but also reduce all-cause mortality and prolong life. test proves that patients with prediabetes and early diabetes can be prevented or even reversed through lifestyle intervention, but only if they are in the prediabetes or early stage and have not had corresponding complications, lifestyle intervention should be carried out; when the diagnosis is confirmed After diabetes, regardless of whether the diabetes is reversed, long-term lifestyle intervention is still the most important measure in the treatment of diabetes.
1. Lifestyle intervention: the most important
Relevant studies at home and abroad show that in order to prevent the development of pre-diabetes into diabetes, lifestyle intervention is the most important measure, and the following should be done. Points:
(1) weight loss by 7%;
(2) at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (such as running and swimming) a week;
(3) saturated fatty acids (mainly derived from Animal fat) intake accounts for less than 30% of total fatty acid intake.
2. Control other risk factors:
Patients with prediabetes are often associated with obesity, smoking, alcoholism, lack of exercise, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia Acid, urine protein and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. These factors influence each other. They are both risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes and its complications. The more risk factors combined, the higher the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Risk factors must be discovered in time and strictly managed and controlled; the treatment goals are: to keep blood pressure below 130/80mmHg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.6mmol/l,> urine microalbumin to creatinine <30mg/g.>
3. Drugs to prevent the onset and development of diabetes:
Patients with prediabetes who still fail to meet the standard after lifestyle intervention can be treated with drugs under the guidance of a doctor.Studies have shown that metformin and acarbose can prevent or delay the development of pre-diabetic diabetes: metformin is safe and effective for long-term treatment, especially suitable for overweight or obese pre-diabetic patients; acarbose, is By delaying the decomposition and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, the goal of reducing blood sugar after a meal is achieved. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for patients with impaired glucose tolerance. A number of studies in recent years have confirmed that acarbose can significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and hypertension, and even has the effect of delaying atherosclerosis in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
7. Diabetes treatment:
If the lifestyle intervention in the pre-diabetes phase is missed, the diabetes treatment is still effective, and the lifestyle intervention in the diabetes is still effective. During the process, we must always adhere to lifestyle intervention. In addition, if there are no contraindications, metformin should also be retained in the diabetes treatment plan. On this basis, other types of hypoglycemic drugs should be added as soon as possible according to their own specific conditions, and blood sugar and blood sugar should be adjusted as soon as possible. Other risk factors are controlled within a reasonable range. We must not blindly pursue the "reversal" and "radical cure" of diabetes and walk on the path of wrong treatment of diabetes.
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