Directory
01 Preface
02 Attack
03 Theory of attack
04 Factors of attack
05 The impact of media on attack behavior
06 Methods to reduce attack behavior
07 My reflection
08 My thoughts
09 Conclusion
01 Preface
Chapter 10 introduces the concept, theory, influencing factors and methods to reduce attack behavior.
02 Attack
Most terrorist activities are tool attacks, and most wars are tool attacks.
While humans are constantly enhancing their ability to destroy, they do not synchronize their ability to stop attacks.
Attack: refers to physical or verbal behaviors that intend to harm others. It is divided into hostile attacks and instrumental attacks.
Hostile Attack: Caused by anger and aimed at harm.
Tool attack: Use damage as a means to achieve other purposes.
03 Theory of attack
1. Biological theory.
includes instinct theory , evolutionary psychology , nervous system influence, gene influence, and biochemistry factors.
2.Frustration—attack theory.
targets hostile attacks.
When encountering setbacks, obstacles, and unpleasant things, small stimulation (attack clues) can trigger our great anger and lead to aggressive behavior.
At this time, the attack will be transferred, usually to other security targets.
So setbacks not only lead to prejudice, but also to aggressive behavior. Usually, outgroups are prone to scapegoats.
3.Social learning theory.
targets tool-based attacks. The theory of
has appeared many times. We can not only learn positive and positive behaviors, but also negative behaviors.
04 Factors influencing attack
The awakening state will only strengthen emotions.
Frustrated, hot or insulting situations will improve our awakening level.
Factors influencing attacks:
1. Aversion events: pain, frustration, heat, attacks from others.
2. Awakening level: The awakened state will strengthen emotions.
3. Media influence. The following will focus on the impact of media on offensive behavior.
05 The impact of media on aggressive behavior
Sex crimes in Canada and the United States generally recognize the role of pornography.
Should we restrict content in the media that derogates and infringes on women? Can educators motivate people to think critically about pornography? One day in the future, will we feel embarrassed when we recall the movies that were used to please the audience by vilifying black people, bloody murder, and sexual violence?
Evidence of media impact attacks is already overwhelming.
Effect of media on aggressive behavior:
1. Pornography and sexual violence.
Sexual violence in pornography has 2 effects.
(1) A distorted understanding of sexual reality, distorted the understanding of women’s true attitude towards sexual assault. For example, this type of sexual suggestion and "rapist fallacy": women like to be conquered, and women like to be sexually harassed.
(2) Increase men's attacks on women. Officially reported rape incident rates are significantly lower than the actual rape incident rates.
2.TV and the Internet.
(1) The impact of television on behavior: it has a role model and increases violence and aggressive behavior.
Reasons for affecting behavior: triggering arousal state; reducing inhibition; causing imitation; shaping an unreal world.
(2) The influence of television on thinking:
2.1 Desensitization effect: numb and get used to it.
2.2 creates social scripts: when we rely on a fixed set of patterns in a new environment.
2.3 Change perception: makes us overestimate the dangers of the world.
2.4 Cognitive startup: Causes us to negative explanations of things.
2.5 consumes time. This leads to reduced participation in public activities. So I have to organize more interesting activities in the future.
3. Electronic games.
Effect of electronic games:
(1) Induce aggressive behavior.
(2) triggers aggressive thinking.
(3) Arouse aggressive emotions.
(4) Reduce help and empathy to others.
(5) Desensitizes violence.
In short, violent video games have far more disadvantages than benefits, and they need to be moderate and controlled for playing time.
Especially for children, parents should create a good growth environment at home and encourage their children to play healthy games.
06 Methods to reduce attack behavior
1. Express our feelings in a non-attack way and inform others about how their behavior affects us.
This point was also mentioned in the communication chapter of "Intimate Relationship", so we should express our feelings more. For example, “What you just said made me angry and sad.”
2. Social learning method.
(1) Strengthened. Ignore the opponent's aggressive behavior and strengthen its non-aggressive behavior.
(2) Learn skills to solve problems in a non-attack manner. For example, emotional control strategies, etc.
(3) Model demonstration and communication skills, and actively express opinions. It should be noted that verbal attack is also a type of aggressive behavior.
In addition to using severe laws to punish attacks, what we should do is to transform our culture, remove the social cancers that erode us and rebuild our moral foundation.
07 My reflection
1. There is a conclusion in the book, "Electronic games are excellent teachers."
I think things that we often come into contact with will have a huge impact on us, but sometimes we don't realize it or discover it.
2. Regarding the relative deprivation mentioned in the book, I think it can also be called social comparison. Comparing with the people around you, the aggressive behavior caused by mental imbalance, envy, and jealousy.
So compare less with others, look more at your previous self, and see if there are any changes and progress compared to the past.
3. The media has a great impact on us, so we surf the Internet less and read more books.
I really think reading can make people calm and calm, while watching videos can make people anxious.
4. Watch less negative movies and TV series and return to reality.
I think watching too much violent films will have some impact on cognition and fantasy, and will fantasize about some violent behaviors and scenes.
I have watched too many suspense dramas before, and the victims are usually women, which leads to my sometimes victimization paranoia. I knew it was just a low-probability event, but I still couldn't help but think a lot.
5. The book mentions that in 2010, more than 100 sociologists jointly supported the bill to ban the sale of electronic games to children under the age of 18, but it was eventually revoked by the Supreme Court.
reminds me of the cases in "The Algorithm of Justice" I read a few days ago. Sometimes a decision happens to be opposite to the interests of individuals and groups.
is beneficial to some people, but it will harm the interests of other people. Who is sacrificed? Which party should be sacrificed? It is usually up to those who have the right to speak.
So sometimes it is really hard to say whether this decision is correct, but when we encounter setbacks, we can think about this issue from different standpoints.
08 My thoughts
This chapter mentions a few interesting points:
1. A strong man has significantly increased his aggression after drinking, but alcohol has little effect on women and smaller men. So you must avoid those drunk strong men. ——Alcohol and testosterone act simultaneously, so the impact on strong men is stronger.
2. Studies have found that men with wider faces are more aggressive and less trustworthy. ——Does this mean that people can be judged by their appearance?
3. There is a problem in the book: some violent sex offenders need to be castrated if they want to get rid of the ongoing, destructive impulses and receive a commutation of sentences. Should such a requirement be allowed? If so, and they are no longer likely to commit any sexual violence, should they be given a commutation of sentence or even released?
I think the requirement can be approved, but the sentence should not be reduced. Because the effect of testosterone on aggression is only one aspect and not a decisive factor, it is not guaranteed to completely eliminate aggressive behavior. It is too unconvincing to use this as a reason to commutate sentences or even release sentences.
4. The word "awakening" appears in both chapters, which is a little difficult to explain and is not particularly understood.
09 Conclusion
A separate case cannot prove anything because it is not a scientific study, and a better way is to conduct research in large samples.
This book is very well written. It not only conveys knowledge, but most importantly, it discusses it from both positive and negative aspects, training my thinking logic and organization, and thus looking at things dialectically.
I think the books I read have a very big impact on our thinking and cognition. I participated in two activities before, and I spoke very well without preparation and was very logical, so I started from different perspectives. The main reason is that this book is well written, which has caused me to be positively influenced by it.
Maybe my habit of loving deep thinking is also influenced by this book, so I will read more of this high-quality book in the future.
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