My excerpts (forty-nine) Richard Grieg Philip Zimbardo "Psychology and Life" 1. Longitudinal design, the same individual will be continuously observed and tested, usually for many consecutive years without interruption. The data collected in longitudinal studies allow researchers

2024/06/0423:52:32 psychological 1525

My excerpts (Forty-nine) Richard Grieg Philip Zimbardo " Psychology and Life "

1. Longitudinal design, the same individual will be continuously observed and tested, usually for many consecutive years without interruption. The data collected in longitudinal studies allow researchers to draw strong conclusions about the role of preschool education on an individual's life-course development.

2. Researchers often use longitudinal designs to study individual differences. To understand different life outcomes among different populations, researchers may need to evaluate a range of possible influences early in life to determine how such factors influence an individual's life course.

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Longitudinal Research:

① Advantages: Participants live in the same socioeconomic period, so age-related changes will not be confused with changes caused by different era conditions.

② Disadvantages: Some types of theoretical models can only be applied to people who lived in the same generation as the participants. Longitudinal studies are expensive and difficult to follow the same group of participants over a long period of time; the data are also easily lost due to participants dropping out or disappearing midway.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional design:

① Advantages: This design allows researchers to observe and compare participants at different physiological age stages at the same time, and draw conclusions about age-related behavioral differences.

② Disadvantages: It stems from the comparison between participants with different birth dates and living years. Age-related changes are confounded in differences arising from being born in different decades and experiencing different social or political conditions.

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