Revolving around the question of "who is my father", the stubborn young emperor alone fought against the civil forces of the entire Ming Dynasty, and played the main theme of fighting for power throughout the entire Jiajing period. The lax border defense could not prevent the free entry and exit of Mongolian iron hooves, but it made the construction of the Great Wall defense system of the Ming Dynasty reach its peak. Even if the Mongolian Khan said something heart-wrenching, the wall that stretched for thousands of miles was still built without hesitation.
The peak period of Shanxi's Great Wall defense system during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty
Zhengde In March of the 16th year (1521), the unruly and indulgent Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao played himself to death. With the support of the Empress Dowager Zhang, the chief minister of the cabinet, Yang Ting and , selected the eldest son of the cousin from his cousins according to the relatives of the eldest son, and Zhu Hougui, the eldest son of the king of Xingxian, and used the will of Emperor Wuzong to announce that he went to Beijing to inherit the throne, and the next year he changed the reign of Jiajing .
On April 21, Zhu Houcan and his party arrived in the suburbs of the capital from Anlu Prefecture, Huguang (now Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province). When he saw Mao Cheng, the Minister of Rites, presented the ritual of "Hotel Dong'anmen , enter the Wenhua Palace , choose a day to ascend to the extreme", he immediately turned his back. "The last order to inherit the throne of the emperor is not a prince." He strongly demanded to enter the capital with emperor etiquette.
When the fourteen-year-old boy entered the capital from Damingmen , the civil and military officials of the Ming Dynasty learned for the first time what the stubbornness of Emperor Shizong of Ming was.
According to the arrangements of Yang Tinghe, the chief minister of the cabinet, and Mao Cheng, the Minister of Rites, "Taking Xiaozong as the test, King Xingxian and his concubine were the emperor's uncles and parents." It is equivalent to Zhu Houcong adopting him to Ming Xiaozong , and officially becoming the younger brother of Ming Wuzong and inheriting the throne.
Yang Tinghe, who had the merit of winning, originally hoped that he could restrict the imperial power to avoid repeating the mistakes of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty and abolition of the government. Unfortunately, the stubborn young emperor did not buy this account at all, especially the question of changing the issue of "who is my father", and asked the cabinet to discuss it separately.
Minister of the Ministry of Rites Mao Cheng and others insisted on the previous proposal after the review, and the two sides continued back and forth for more than a hundred days. It was not until July that the Jinshi of Guanzheng Zhang Cong proposed "succession but not inheritance". It means inheriting the reign of Taizu, from his grandfather, , Ming Xianzong , rather than his uncle, Ming Xiaozong.
The two sides have been facing each other for three and a half years in the question of "who is my father", and it is known in history as the "big ritual discussion".
In July of the third year of Jiajing (1524), 229 officials who knelt at Zuoshunmen and asked for changes to the order of the successor to the government were punished. Except for the eight men who were in charge of the army, the other four or above were all robbed of their salaries and were all robbed of the fifth or below. At the cost of killing 17 officials on the spot, the young emperor strongly solved the problem of "who is my father".
After that, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty became uncontrollable. At the same time, the good start of the Jiajing Dynasty was blocked, and the conspiracy and struggle for power and profit began to run through the entire Jiajing Dynasty.
Yang Shen is the son of Yang Tinghe and the leader of the three great talents in the Ming Dynasty. In the Dali Announcement incident, as one of the eight people, he was dismissed from office and was exiled to Yongchang Guards in Yunnan. At this time, the integration between Mongolian tribes had come to an end. The hiding of Altan , which was stationed on the southern foot of Daqingshan Mountain, "more than 100,000 tribes, and 30,000 Ming armors are strange." "The poorest, so I like to plunder" became the biggest threat to the northern border of the Ming Dynasty.
Starting from the first year of Jiajing, "if it is missing, it must be needed, and it must be plundered." It will be covered in every year, and the number of times is getting more and more frequent, and the scale is increasing day by day.
As the first line of defense in the capital, Datong, due to the two mutinies in the third year of Jiajing and the twelfth year of Jiajing, "the treasury is empty and the army is separated", "the fields are not strong, and the officials and the people are exhausted."
At that time, in addition to the construction of "30 miles northeast of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Old Ying Shi Temple in the east, and the stone piers of the Baidaopo in the west, cutting cliffs along the mountains and building walls on the flat ground, and more than 90 miles long" and "from Diaowouliang to Dadadun in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "from Diaowouliang to Dadadun, building eight miles and twenty-eight steps on the edge, and building stones with stones", the construction of the Great Wall Defense System in Datong Town directly fell into a stagnation for more than ten years.
Revolving around the question of "who is my father", the stubborn young emperor alone fought against the civil forces of the entire Ming Dynasty, and played the main theme of fighting for power throughout the entire Jiajing period. The lax border defense could not prevent the free entry and exit of Mongolian iron hooves, but it made the construction of the Great Wall defense system of the Ming Dynasty reach its peak. Even if the Mongolian Khan said something heart-wrenching, the wall that stretched for thousands of miles was still built without hesitation.
The peak period of Shanxi's Great Wall defense system during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty
Zhengde In March of the 16th year (1521), the unruly and indulgent Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao played himself to death. With the support of the Empress Dowager Zhang, the chief minister of the cabinet, Yang Ting and , selected the eldest son of the cousin from his cousins according to the relatives of the eldest son, and Zhu Hougui, the eldest son of the king of Xingxian, and used the will of Emperor Wuzong to announce that he went to Beijing to inherit the throne, and the next year he changed the reign of Jiajing .
On April 21, Zhu Houcan and his party arrived in the suburbs of the capital from Anlu Prefecture, Huguang (now Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province). When he saw Mao Cheng, the Minister of Rites, presented the ritual of "Hotel Dong'anmen , enter the Wenhua Palace , choose a day to ascend to the extreme", he immediately turned his back. "The last order to inherit the throne of the emperor is not a prince." He strongly demanded to enter the capital with emperor etiquette.
When the fourteen-year-old boy entered the capital from Damingmen , the civil and military officials of the Ming Dynasty learned for the first time what the stubbornness of Emperor Shizong of Ming was.
According to the arrangements of Yang Tinghe, the chief minister of the cabinet, and Mao Cheng, the Minister of Rites, "Taking Xiaozong as the test, King Xingxian and his concubine were the emperor's uncles and parents." It is equivalent to Zhu Houcong adopting him to Ming Xiaozong , and officially becoming the younger brother of Ming Wuzong and inheriting the throne.
Yang Tinghe, who had the merit of winning, originally hoped that he could restrict the imperial power to avoid repeating the mistakes of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty and abolition of the government. Unfortunately, the stubborn young emperor did not buy this account at all, especially the question of changing the issue of "who is my father", and asked the cabinet to discuss it separately.
Minister of the Ministry of Rites Mao Cheng and others insisted on the previous proposal after the review, and the two sides continued back and forth for more than a hundred days. It was not until July that the Jinshi of Guanzheng Zhang Cong proposed "succession but not inheritance". It means inheriting the reign of Taizu, from his grandfather, , Ming Xianzong , rather than his uncle, Ming Xiaozong.
The two sides have been facing each other for three and a half years in the question of "who is my father", and it is known in history as the "big ritual discussion".
In July of the third year of Jiajing (1524), 229 officials who knelt at Zuoshunmen and asked for changes to the order of the successor to the government were punished. Except for the eight men who were in charge of the army, the other four or above were all robbed of their salaries and were all robbed of the fifth or below. At the cost of killing 17 officials on the spot, the young emperor strongly solved the problem of "who is my father".
After that, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty became uncontrollable. At the same time, the good start of the Jiajing Dynasty was blocked, and the conspiracy and struggle for power and profit began to run through the entire Jiajing Dynasty.
Yang Shen is the son of Yang Tinghe and the leader of the three great talents in the Ming Dynasty. In the Dali Announcement incident, as one of the eight people, he was dismissed from office and was exiled to Yongchang Guards in Yunnan. At this time, the integration between Mongolian tribes had come to an end. The hiding of Altan , which was stationed on the southern foot of Daqingshan Mountain, "more than 100,000 tribes, and 30,000 Ming armors are strange." "The poorest, so I like to plunder" became the biggest threat to the northern border of the Ming Dynasty.
Starting from the first year of Jiajing, "if it is missing, it must be needed, and it must be plundered." It will be covered in every year, and the number of times is getting more and more frequent, and the scale is increasing day by day.
As the first line of defense in the capital, Datong, due to the two mutinies in the third year of Jiajing and the twelfth year of Jiajing, "the treasury is empty and the army is separated", "the fields are not strong, and the officials and the people are exhausted."
At that time, in addition to the construction of "30 miles northeast of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Gate of the Old Ying Shi Temple in the east, and the stone piers of the Baidaopo in the west, cutting cliffs along the mountains and building walls on the flat ground, and more than 90 miles long" and "from Diaowouliang to Dadadun in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "from Diaowouliang to Dadadun, building eight miles and twenty-eight steps on the edge, and building stones with stones", the construction of the Great Wall Defense System in Datong Town directly fell into a stagnation for more than ten years.
It was not until the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538) that the construction of Datong border defense system officially returned.
In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), five forts of Zhenbian, Zhenchuan, Hongci, Zhenlu and Zhenhe were built, which were "East Youyanghe and the West, connected to the Zuowei. They were cultivated on three sides and defended against the enemy on one side". The trenches were deeply laid outside the fort, and more than 60 trenches were built outside the fort.
Under the premise that big and small sides "all lost and abandoned as enemies", "the five forts were formed, and the preparations were also slightly solidified", thus setting off a small climax in the construction of the Datong Town defense system.
Yanggao County Changcheng Township Bianbao
Town Bianbao earth wall
Datong Xinrong District Today Chuanbao outside
Town Chuanbao
Datong Xinrong District Town Lubao Village Outside
At the same time, the Shanxi Town Defense System has also entered the stage of comprehensive repair.
In the 18th year of Jiajing, "From Yangfangkou in the east, through Wenling, Dashuikou, Shenchimang Maichuan to Bajiao Fort, all built the Great Wall of 180 miles, and built the mountain as dangerous, half of the earth and rocks, and the outside was a trenches."
In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), "Yanmen Pass Village was 300 miles high and wide, with a height of one twelve and five feet."
However, the corrupt administration of the Ming Dynasty made the Great Wall defense system seem to be false, and the declining border affairs are almost unable to resist the increasing frequent plunders, like fallen leaves in the wind.
In August of the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), Altan and the Datong defenders made a secret agreement to "get captives and loot our baggage and animals, which is famous for buying money for roads." Mongolian iron hooves were able to go directly to Yanmen Pass from Jingping and Shuozhou Pass , and entered the hinterland of the three passes to kill and plunder tens of thousands of people and animals. "Shanxi Fushi Chen Luo was in an emergency, and Datong Fushi Shi Dao hid but refused to hear it." What is incredible is that Zhang Zan, the Minister of War, who was far away in the capital, received a report from the emergency and actually said that "the enemy has retreated, why should the Emperor Zhang retreat?"
After more than two months of plunder, the Mongolian army "slowly went out of the frontier" with its plundered baggage, which shows the abolition of border affairs.
In July of the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), Altan sent another envoy to request "Tonggong" after being rejected in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534). He promised to "restrain the people below and to let the border people cultivate the fields and the barbarians shepherd the horses and the outside, and never violate each other, and to drink blood as an oath." If he did not allow it, he would move his tent to despise the north, and let his elites ride south to plunder the clouds."
How could Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty be threatened by this? He issued an edict to "capture and behead Altan Ah, reward a thousand gold coins." "Don't follow the usual rules and regulations, and make false statements and imprisonment. Be sure to select generals to train troops, go out to pursue and suppress them, count the major crimes of invasion, and eliminate the tribute."
, angry Altan launched a larger-scale plundering in the border, trying to achieve "Tonggong". Unfortunately, this method of cross-tracking military looting and tribute seeking has no effect in the face of the almost pathological stubbornness of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty.
The first month of the 21st year of Jiajing (1542), "Dai Lian, the deputy general of Shanxi, was promoted to serve as the general officer and guarded the Shanxi localities." Shanxi Town, marked by the general guard system, was officially established, completing the military structure of the nine-sided important towns of the Ming Dynasty and also opening up the peak period for building the Great Wall defense system.
In the 21st year of Jiajing (1542), "More than 390 miles of Datong's side walls were built, 292 new piers were added, 14 pier forts were protected, and 1,500 camps were built."
In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), Hongci built four forts, destroying the Lu, Wei Lu, Ning Lu and Po Lu to the west, and built Jinglu Fort in the east, called the "Jinglu Five Forts".
In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), the remnants of Hu, defeat Hu, kill Hu, powerful Hu, defeat Hu, welcome in Hu, block Hu, destroy Hu, and reject Hu Fort, calling it "Destroy Hu Jiubao".
At the same time, Shanxi Town "has built an old border of 140 miles from Yajiao to Nanli Laoying, Yezhugou and Limin, and looked at the platform of 128"; "from Pingying in the east to Pianguan in the west, the painting and land were divided into guards", "three branches of guerrilla soldiers were added, and they were stationed in Yanmen , Ningwu, and Pianguan".
From the 23rd (1544) to the 28th year of Jiajing (1549) (1549), Weng Wanda served as the governor of Xuanda , and re-established and strengthened the overall defense capabilities of the Shanxi Great Wall defense system.
First of all, the Erbian Great Wall, which has not been repaired after three years, was built and strengthened."From Matou Mountain on the two sides of the Left Guard of Datong, from Heishanmen, Xuanning, and Shuikou to Yugou in the east, it repaired more than 150 miles of edge walls", "Eighty-two piers were added".
While repairing the Erbian Great Wall, it "repaired the three old forts of Shuitou, Xuanning and Luancaoying", and renamed Zhenqiang, Jijiang and Jimen Fort, and built Zhuma Fort at the foot of Matou Mountain, called "Zhenqiang Fort Four Forts".
The construction of Hongci Wubao, Mihu Jiubao and Zhenqiang four forts has formed a complete defense and guarantee system around Datong Town.
Secondly, build the border wall of the two towns of Xuanda to make the entire border wall of Datong Town run through. "The side walls of Tiancheng, Yanghe and Kaishankou on Datong East Road are 138 miles, with seven forts and one hundred and fifty four piers." At this point, "From the east from the Xiyang River of Xuanfu, from Tiancheng, Yanghe, Zuo, You, Wei, Ping, Jing, Shuo to Yajiao Mountain in Shanxi, and built more than 650 miles of side walls."
Furthermore, the walls of Sanguanbian Town, Shanxi Town have been completed in total for 500 miles.
Finally, the side wall is "carefully planned and good at grading", "the wall is near and far, the trench is deep and wide, and the curve is perfect." It was possible that "the house did not dare to commit lightly, and those who were guarding the wall could have time to farm and herd, and the border expenses would be saved every day."
In August of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Altan, who had been rejected for more than ten consecutive years, completely lost his patience. "The tribes are carrying out large numbers of arrows", and 100,000 Mongolian iron hooves drove straight in, as if they were entering and leaving an uninhabited land and directly arrived at the capital of the Ming Dynasty. It is known in history as the "Gengwu Change".
What's so annoying is that bribed Yan Song's son Yan Shifan to "get the general Xuanda" and "bribed Altan with a large sum of money to let him move the wall and not violate Datong."
Sadly, the Beijing army, which was originally registered for more than 100,000, only 50,000 were registered at this time, and "half of the old and weak, and half of the family of the internal and external admirals did not return to the army, and those who were in the army also cried and dared not go forward." Minister of War Ding Rukui "has worried and does not know what to do", and the chief assistant Yan Song "only firm walls are the best strategy", allowing him to plunder and "get rich and complacent".
It is a pity that even when the capital was almost invaded by the Mongolian iron hoofed soldiers, the stubborn Emperor Shizong of Ming did not explicitly allow the "tribute market", but just "promise to invite him to go out of the frontier, and he would not allow him to go out after he had left."
In September of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), although it was an ambiguous reply, the Mongolian army that had returned home slowly withdrew.
From April 25 to 28, the Qiangbao Horse City in Datong Town opened. Altan visited the market in person, "There is no one who dared to make noise in the tribe."
Under the threat, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was deeply ashamed of his attempts to make a stop to the market. Just one year later, he issued an edict to abolish the market and said, "Those who say that the market will be killed."
zhenqiangbao located in Xinrong District, Datong, has now become a village
The northern border of the Ming Dynasty has been in flames again, and the Great Wall defense system has once again set off a climax of building border walls and castles.
In the 37th year of Jiajing (1557), the Minister of War Yang Bo Governor Xuan Da Shanxi repaired the large side wall built by Weng Wanda that year. "Repair the abandoned border wall pier fortress from Ninglu Fort from Datong Town West and Zhonger Road to Hualinerdun", with a total of more than 160 miles and more than 120 pier platforms were built. While trimming the edge, a pier is added to strengthen and improve the Great Wall defense system. "Cultivate the various walls and trenches of the gods to enter Shanxi Road", "Nine large and small earthen forts and ninety-two piers and platforms are built on the Niuxin Mountains on the East Road of the Right Wei of Datong, and the Zuowei Gaoshan Station is connected to the town, and two large moats are dredged, each with eighty miles long."
At this point, the Great Wall defense system of Datong and Shanxi towns has reached a new level. The Ming Dynasty also fell into a negative cycle. With the frequency of Mongolian cavalry plundering south, the Great Wall defense system that "behind the wall" was destroyed and restored and restored.
"From Matou Mountain on the two sides of the Left Guard of Datong, from Heishanmen, Xuanning, and Shuikou to Yugou in the east, it repaired more than 150 miles of edge walls", "Eighty-two piers were added".While repairing the Erbian Great Wall, it "repaired the three old forts of Shuitou, Xuanning and Luancaoying", and renamed Zhenqiang, Jijiang and Jimen Fort, and built Zhuma Fort at the foot of Matou Mountain, called "Zhenqiang Fort Four Forts".
The construction of Hongci Wubao, Mihu Jiubao and Zhenqiang four forts has formed a complete defense and guarantee system around Datong Town.
Secondly, build the border wall of the two towns of Xuanda to make the entire border wall of Datong Town run through. "The side walls of Tiancheng, Yanghe and Kaishankou on Datong East Road are 138 miles, with seven forts and one hundred and fifty four piers." At this point, "From the east from the Xiyang River of Xuanfu, from Tiancheng, Yanghe, Zuo, You, Wei, Ping, Jing, Shuo to Yajiao Mountain in Shanxi, and built more than 650 miles of side walls."
Furthermore, the walls of Sanguanbian Town, Shanxi Town have been completed in total for 500 miles.
Finally, the side wall is "carefully planned and good at grading", "the wall is near and far, the trench is deep and wide, and the curve is perfect." It was possible that "the house did not dare to commit lightly, and those who were guarding the wall could have time to farm and herd, and the border expenses would be saved every day."
In August of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Altan, who had been rejected for more than ten consecutive years, completely lost his patience. "The tribes are carrying out large numbers of arrows", and 100,000 Mongolian iron hooves drove straight in, as if they were entering and leaving an uninhabited land and directly arrived at the capital of the Ming Dynasty. It is known in history as the "Gengwu Change".
What's so annoying is that bribed Yan Song's son Yan Shifan to "get the general Xuanda" and "bribed Altan with a large sum of money to let him move the wall and not violate Datong."
Sadly, the Beijing army, which was originally registered for more than 100,000, only 50,000 were registered at this time, and "half of the old and weak, and half of the family of the internal and external admirals did not return to the army, and those who were in the army also cried and dared not go forward." Minister of War Ding Rukui "has worried and does not know what to do", and the chief assistant Yan Song "only firm walls are the best strategy", allowing him to plunder and "get rich and complacent".
It is a pity that even when the capital was almost invaded by the Mongolian iron hoofed soldiers, the stubborn Emperor Shizong of Ming did not explicitly allow the "tribute market", but just "promise to invite him to go out of the frontier, and he would not allow him to go out after he had left."
In September of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), although it was an ambiguous reply, the Mongolian army that had returned home slowly withdrew.
From April 25 to 28, the Qiangbao Horse City in Datong Town opened. Altan visited the market in person, "There is no one who dared to make noise in the tribe."
Under the threat, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was deeply ashamed of his attempts to make a stop to the market. Just one year later, he issued an edict to abolish the market and said, "Those who say that the market will be killed."
zhenqiangbao located in Xinrong District, Datong, has now become a village
The northern border of the Ming Dynasty has been in flames again, and the Great Wall defense system has once again set off a climax of building border walls and castles.
In the 37th year of Jiajing (1557), the Minister of War Yang Bo Governor Xuan Da Shanxi repaired the large side wall built by Weng Wanda that year. "Repair the abandoned border wall pier fortress from Ninglu Fort from Datong Town West and Zhonger Road to Hualinerdun", with a total of more than 160 miles and more than 120 pier platforms were built. While trimming the edge, a pier is added to strengthen and improve the Great Wall defense system. "Cultivate the various walls and trenches of the gods to enter Shanxi Road", "Nine large and small earthen forts and ninety-two piers and platforms are built on the Niuxin Mountains on the East Road of the Right Wei of Datong, and the Zuowei Gaoshan Station is connected to the town, and two large moats are dredged, each with eighty miles long."
At this point, the Great Wall defense system of Datong and Shanxi towns has reached a new level. The Ming Dynasty also fell into a negative cycle. With the frequency of Mongolian cavalry plundering south, the Great Wall defense system that "behind the wall" was destroyed and restored and restored.
