Professor Hu Xiangming has made fruitful achievements in recent years. He has undertaken more than 20 national, provincial and ministerial level scientific research projects, involving social stability risk assessment and early warning and emergency management system research on

- Interview with Hu Xiangming, Director of the Safety Emergency Management Research Center of Beihang University

◆ Professor Hu Xiangming has made fruitful achievements in recent years. He has undertaken more than 20 national, provincial and ministerial level scientific research projects, involving social stability risk assessment of special major engineering projects. And early warning, emergency management system research, etc. He has participated in the analysis, research and investigation of major disasters for many times, providing suggestions for disaster disposal, reducing secondary and unforeseen disasters, and contributing to national decision-making.

As the time series enters July, most areas across the country have entered the main flood season. The severe and complex situation is testing the carrying capacity of rivers and lakes and people's ability to cope with crises.

"Once a city encounters a severe flood disaster, emergency rescue is needed. Rescue requires not only professional and social rescue teams, but also sufficient modern rescue equipment and tools." Professor Hu Xiangming, director of the Safety Emergency Management Research Center of the School of Public Administration, Beihang University In an exclusive interview with reporters from "Economy" magazine and Economic Network, he pointed out that drawing on past experiences and lessons, cities now need to respond to all aspects, especially water pumps , diesel generators , assault boats, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Modern rescue equipment such as aircrafts and water rescue robots, as well as reserves of flood control materials such as flood baffles and sandbags. "But needless to say, in the face of severe floods, many cities in our country are far from meeting the demand in terms of rescue equipment and related material reserves!"

In July last year, after Zhengzhou, Henan Province suffered extremely heavy rains, with the approval of the Party Central Committee, the State Council The "Henan Zhengzhou '7·20' Extraordinary Rainstorm Disaster Investigation Team" was established. Professor Hu Xiangming, as an expert of the emergency management investigation team, participated in the disaster investigation and assessment work of the investigation team, and participated in the writing and revision of the disaster assessment report. He received relevant national Department’s high recognition.

Strengthen the effective use of emergency supplies

Flood disasters are a big test for the government's emergency management and even the national governance system and capabilities. It is also a difficulty that must be overcome to realize the modernization of governmental emergency management and national governance.

In an exclusive interview with reporters from Economic magazine and Economic Network, Professor Hu Xiangming said that over a long period of time, with the rapid development of the economy and the continued growth of urban population, humans have damaged the ecological environment, including climate change. These factors directly affect the spatiotemporal distribution of water cycle elements, making the problem of urban waterlogging disaster increasingly serious, which has a significant impact on the urban economy, social life and people's lives and property. "City looking at the sea" has become the epitome of severe waterlogging disasters in some cities, becoming a prominent issue affecting urban public safety and an important factor restricting the country's economic and social development.

my country is located in the southeastern part of the Eurasian continent and in the East Asian monsoon climate zone. There are many heavy rains and floods, and flood disasters occur frequently. Urban flooding problems have always been very prominent. Especially now that we have entered the main flood season, all cities should learn from the safety issues exposed by the "7·20" heavy rain disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan last year, and comprehensively analyze the city's safety in responding to flood disasters from point to area based on typical cases of flood disasters. emergency management system and capabilities face problems, find out the causes and respond to them. It is necessary to focus on finding and scientifically analyzing all-round safety risks that flood disasters bring to the city, including life, property, production, daily life, transportation, electricity, communications, cultural relics, etc. The safety emergency management system and capabilities of flood disasters also need to be analyzed. From the perspective of emergency management, we should compare and analyze urban flood disaster risk response awareness, disaster relief and emergency response capabilities, the strength of urban flood prevention and disaster relief professional teams, and the public's self-esteem in flood prevention. Protection capabilities, etc., to find the main shortcomings of the problem. At the same time, an evaluation index system for the modernization of urban emergency management systems and capabilities should be built to scientifically evaluate the risk awareness of party and government cadres and even society in response to flood disasters, and the government's emergency response capabilities.

Professor Hu Xiangming said that currently, global climate change is intensifying and extreme meteorological disasters occur frequently, making cities the main "disaster bearers" of disasters.With the acceleration of China's urbanization process, the agglomeration effect of large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen means that more people and resources are exposed to disaster risks, resulting in potential disaster losses. There is potential for further expansion.

In recent years, with the gradual systematization and in-depth development of emergency management work, various localities, departments, and fields have done a lot of work to reserve emergency supplies in an orderly manner, ensuring that they can respond to various natural disasters and emergencies. Ensure supply of materials. But at the same time, there are also some problems, such as: lack of coordination of material reserves, repeated reserves of similar materials are more prominent; material reserves are in a single form, and although there is a certain amount of materials in storage, scarce emergency materials and equipment cannot be effectively allocated, etc. As a result, the effective use of emergency supplies is insufficient, and the emergency supplies cannot play an emergency role. In this regard, cities in various regions must further strengthen their emergency material reserves and comprehensive capabilities to respond to flood disasters while developing rapidly, in order to achieve a higher level of safety and emergency response capabilities.

Smart water affairs brings new opportunities to improve the efficiency of disaster management

A few years ago, about 200 cities in my country formulated " sponge city " design plans. Professor Hu Xiangming was very concerned about this. He believed that the core of the plan is Using "sponge city" as the carrier and engineering construction as the approach, 70% of the precipitation in the pilot cities can be absorbed in real time. Through the construction of the "sponge city" system, the output items of the "sponge city" system, such as the distribution of evapotranspiration, groundwater, runoff, and rainwater reuse, can be optimized while the input of precipitation and pollutants remains unchanged. Proportion. It should be said that sponge measures focus on enhancing the "elasticity" and "resilience" of the city on the basis of upgrading and transforming the traditional drainage system.

However, while the construction of "sponge city" has achieved results, it has also exposed many problems. Professor Hu Xiangming told reporters from Economic Magazine and Economic Network that although the "Sponge City" construction project is highly anticipated, due to the complexity of China's water issues and the current progress, urban waterlogging prevention should not rely one-sidedly on the construction of "Sponge City" , we should also adopt an organic combination of flood control and drainage projects as the mainstay and "sponge city" construction as a supplement. While using flood control and drainage projects to minimize flood risks, we should make full use of sponge measures to accumulate and utilize rainwater to achieve harmony between people and water. develop. This is the key to improving our country’s emergency response capabilities for flood prevention and disaster relief.

"Of course, my country's technological development in flood disaster prevention has also provided more new ideas for the safety management practice of urban disaster prevention and reduction." Professor Hu Xiangming changed the subject, showing the meticulousness and rigor of the overall consideration of experts and scholars. With the support of big data, cloud computing and spatial information technology, smart water affairs can efficiently complete massive monitoring data analysis, flood disaster prediction and early warning, scientific decision-making on disaster prevention and reduction, and "smart" management and "smart" services of flood control business. It has brought new possibilities for improving the government's flood disaster management effectiveness.

In response to floods, multiple parties must work together to fill in the shortcomings as soon as possible

Science and technology are a powerful means to overcome major disasters. At present, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence , satellite remote sensing, radar monitoring, drones, disaster reduction satellites and other technologies have been widely used in my country's disaster prevention, disaster reduction, and disaster relief work. In order to prevent and respond to Major disaster risks provide important support. However, the heavy rainstorms similar to those in Zhengzhou on July 20 also exposed the city's far insufficient reserves of rescue equipment and related materials and serious deficiencies in technical support capabilities. Professor Hu Xiangming believes that the supporting role of technology in urban flood disaster prevention and control should be strengthened from the following three aspects.

First, build an integrated monitoring, early warning, and command platform to provide guarantee for efficient response and disposal.The

integrated platform can conduct general and detailed surveys of various hazard sources such as urban waterlogging hazard points, plain flood discharge areas, floods in ancient river areas, mountainous flash floods, collapses, landslides, debris flows, etc. It also has automatic early warning and cross-regional coordinated linkage early warning. , command and dispatch, video conferencing, urban flooding simulation and other functions, which are conducive to realizing unified command and efficient action. At present, Shenzhen has established an emergency management monitoring and early warning command center that integrates risk management and control, monitoring and early warning, on-duty duty, emergency command and other functions. Through the integrated platform, it promotes the construction of the "1+11+N" monitoring and early warning command system, forming a A flood disaster prevention and control system suitable for urban needs.

Second, develop and apply special emergency communication tools to enhance information technology to empower flood disaster prevention and control. The heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou on July 20 also exposed the insufficient risk communication capabilities of urban emergency departments. On the one hand, urban heavy rain disasters can cause the power system and communication system to fail. On the other hand, it also shows that the emergency communication technology of some cities’ emergency departments is not yet adequate. Meet emergency needs. In this regard, Yunnan’s experience and practices are worthy of reference by other places. Yunnan Province's "14th Five-Year Plan" fire rescue development plan proposes to optimize the structure and layout of emergency communication equipment. It is necessary to equip satellite phones , Beidou active terminals, dual-mode individual soldiers, audio and video distribution and control balls, and Dual-optical drones, ultra-light satellite portable stations, voice and image self-organizing networks, as well as key communication equipment such as forward communication vehicles and moving satellite communication vehicles to improve emergency communication methods and effectively enhance the "all-weather, all-region" , All-disaster" emergency communication guarantee and enhance emergency communication capabilities.

Third, cultivate and introduce comprehensive emergency response talents who understand both technology and emergency management, and scientific disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. At present, more than 20 universities across the country have established emergency management disciplines, and their main task is to cultivate professional emergency management talents. But there are also problems, such as the current emergency management discipline setting. Undergraduate majors are set under the management science and engineering discipline, and graduate majors are set up under the first-level discipline of public administration. Although this is conducive to cultivating comprehensive talents, they are all more theoretical. Emergency management is a highly practical subject. If it is not handled well, it may cause a disconnect between theory and practice. At present, it is necessary to further improve the construction of a cross-type emergency management talent system and cultivate a group of comprehensive talents who truly understand technology, expertise, and management practices to help scientifically and efficiently complete urban flood disaster prevention and control work.

Professor Hu Xiangming said that to deal with the new challenges posed by floods to urban safety, it is necessary to make up for the shortcomings as soon as possible. It requires the joint efforts of all parties, party and government departments at all levels and the general public servants, especially leaders and leaders engaged in safety emergency management. Managers must truly pay attention to urban safety emergency management, increase investment in urban safety disaster prevention and reduction, strengthen the construction of urban safety infrastructure and related material conditions, and improve the city's ability to respond to safety risks. The majority of scientific research departments and researchers should also work hard to research and develop more and better urban safety emergency products, strive to improve the scientific and technological content of urban disaster prevention and reduction, and strive to improve the level of urban safety emergency management. It is necessary to further strengthen the construction of comprehensive emergency response teams, enhance the stability of personnel, and strive to build a comprehensive "emergency rescue force" that adapts to the needs of "all disasters and major emergencies" and upgrades and increases capabilities in terms of rescue concepts, command linkage, and professional training. ".

Professor Hu Xiangming has achieved fruitful results in recent years. He has undertaken more than 20 national, provincial and ministerial level scientific research projects, involving social stability risk assessment and early warning and emergency management system research on special major engineering projects. He has participated in the analysis, research and investigation of major disasters for many times, providing suggestions for disaster disposal, reducing secondary and unforeseen disasters, and contributing to national decision-making.

Source/"Economic" magazine, Economic Network reporter Liu Yueshan