A certain tea personSen RikyuHospitality Kato Kiyomasa. Before the tea party, Rikyu asked to leave the saber outside the tea room, but Qingzheng categorically refused: "The sword is the soul of a samurai, and you must not leave your body for a moment." Sen Rikyu was silent and began to order tea quietly.
htmlAt 1 o'clock, the tea kettle suddenly overturned, the hot water was poured on the stove, the charcoal ash splashed, and the sound was thunderous, Kato Kiyomasa fled out in panic. The fireworks filled the air, and Sen Rikyu said in a loud voice: "Kato-den, you have fallen into the spirit of a samurai."
Japanese 's tea ceremony , in the final analysis, is actually Zen Tao , has nothing to do with the debate about matcha or bud tea, and the difference with kung fu tea is like the ends of the earth. Tea is only the appearance, and the essence in the bones is the four words " and Jingqingji ". The purpose of the tea ceremony is to pursue the aesthetic pursuit of "Wabi".
"Summer should be cool, winter should be warm, charcoal should be boiled with water, and tea should be delicious. If you can do these things, you will be enlightened." Sen Rikyu said.
If you have troubles in your heart, go for tea.
Sen Rikyu like Hasegawa et al.
Japan's drinking tea originated very early, in the first year of Tianping (729), there is a record that Emperor Shomu decreed that hundreds of monks recite the Prajna Sutra and give tea as a consolation. The one who really introduced tea was Rinji Rongxi, the founder of the Rinzai sect in the Kamakura era. He returned to Japan with tea seeds, wrote "Eating Tea and Health Care", and introduced tea-making techniques to Japan.
From Kamakura to Muromachi, what was popular in Japan was the tea fighting meeting that imitated the customs of the Tang and Song dynasties, which was called "Tea Jihe". At that time, Japan called the tea produced in Yamashiro Country Tsugao "Honcha", and the tea produced in other places was called "non-tea". When fighting tea, drinkers should drink more than ten cups, and distinguish their own "benefits" and the pros and cons of water.
The Southern and Northern DynastiesA tea fighting party was rewarded with tens of millions of gambling money. "Taipingji" was evaluated as "abandoning gold in the soil, sinking jade in the abyss". Hosokawa Kiyoshi and the general Ashikaga Yoshigan had a rift because of the tea fight, and even defected to the Southern Dynasty, leading to countless killings and countless lives and deaths.
The tea drinking in this period, such as the drinking party of later generations, after drinking it, said softly: "Lafite, from 1982." It was just one of the means of the leisure class to throw away gold and jade to show their wealth. Like the author, who has no money and no leisure, at most can distinguish the Sprite of 1982.
Tea is bound to Zen, and it is Zhuguang Murata, an disciple of Linji Zen master Yixiu sect pure , who embarks on the path of seeking the Tao.
Yixiu is a master of Zen and . A famous koan mentioned that someone asked Yixiu to study Zen, and he asked a lot of questions and expressed a lot of opinions. Yixiu poured tea to the visitor without saying a word, and the tea was overflowing without stopping. The guest reminded him, Yixiu replied: Your head is like this tea cup , full of your own thoughts, how can you put new things in it.
I am used to drinking tea for a while, and I am friends with tea people and all the way. One day, Yixiu suddenly asked Yixiu, "There is a way to everything, so what is the way?" Yixiu immediately replied, "Everything is closed, so what is a break?" The ethos of Zen Buddhism is that people like to play the game and become enlightened. Later, there were many ceremonies in the tea ceremony. In fact, they all inherit the Zen way and pay attention to one word of understanding. Nichiren detested this kind of show-off of cleverness, and bluntly said that Zen is the devil.
Ikyuzong Pure Statue by Mo Xizuo Collection of the Nara National Museum
How is the Tao, the black beads cross the night. Or to solve it like this, drink it with tea and eat it with food. The matter is as simple as that, and it's easy to get carried away if you are constantly enlightened, and Nichiren's criticism is actually justified.
Murata Zhuguang is the founder of Wabi Tea. He became a monk in his early years and studied tea ceremony in Sanjo, Kyoto. At that time, Yixiu was placing orders at Dade Temple , and was famous for its pearlescent light. Yixiu Zongchun highly valued Murata Zhuguang, and passed on the handwriting of Zen ancestor Yuanwu Keqin to Zhuguang. Yuanwu Keqin is a famous Zen monk in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yixiu donated his ink to the pearl, which is quite a secret method.
Pearl light hangs the ink traces of the ancestors in the tea room, drinking tea is like realizing Zen, and the tea ceremony is Zen at home. The tea room designed by Zhuguang is only four and a half stacked, and its shape is simple and simple, like a grass nunnery. He elucidated the purpose of the tea ceremony is to guard the heart, the heart is the Buddha, and the Buddha is like me.
Murata Zhuguang's tea ceremony was passed on to Takeno Shaogu through his disciple Soju. Takeno was a famous waka master at that time, with both singing skills and tea ceremony, a noble warrior, a wealthy businessman, and one by one, he devoted himself to and became his disciple. Among them, the three famous tea masters are Imai Monghisa, Tsuda Mong and Sen Rikyu, and especially Sen Rikyu is the most romantic and the first.
Takeno Shaoou
Sen Rikyu is the master of the tea ceremony in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and the tea saint of Japan. Compared with Lu Yu, Qian Rikyu's transformation of Japan's spirit is comprehensive. The so-called "harmony and quietness" and the so-called "Wabi annihilation" are about Nianhua smiling, what do gods and Buddhas have to do with me.
Sen Rikyu's grandfather, Senami, was a friend of General Ashikaga Yoshima, who moved to Sakai city to escape the Onin rebellion. From the title of grandfather Ami, it can be seen that Qianjia was born in the monk class of the era.Tokimune is Kamakura Neo-Buddhist founded by Yi Yi. He advocates chanting Buddha while dancing. Just like the filter goddess of Douyin, he is very popular with otaku. There are traffic and rewards. V. When Qian Rixiu was born, the family had already washed their hands and landed, and transformed into one of the congregations in Sakai. For example, the Internet celebrity transformed into a micro-business, and the traffic turned into real money, rich than Shi Chong, and Kuo Chao Wang Kai.
Qian Rikyu's childhood name Yushiro, French name Zongyi, Rikyu's name is that he later offered tea to the emperor of Mashin-cho, and the emperor gave him the title of layman. Before that, he always called himself Qianzongyi. Qian Rixiu has money and leisure time, and he is studious and self-motivated. He has studied tea art since he was a child, and later worshipped under the door of Wuye Shaoou to experience the essence of tea Zen.
Emperor Masakimachi
It is said that Takeno Shaogu one day asked Rikyu to clean the garden. Rixiu came to the courtyard and found that the ground was spotless, not even falling leaves, so he walked under the tree, gently shook the yellow flowers on the ground, and calmly returned to his life. The spirit of Zen is like this, seeing the true chapters in the subtleties, realizing that seeing one's nature and becoming a Buddha, but not realizing that the stick can beat the diamond.
In the first year of Hongzhi (1555), Takeno Shaoou died, and Sen Rikyu became the world's leading tea maker. In the twelfth year of Yonglu (1569), Oda Nobunaga took Sakai City into his pocket, and Sen Rikyu, Imai Monghisa, Tsuda Mong and others, as representatives of the townspeople, were hired by Nobunaga as tea heads. Since then, the demise of wabi-cha and the fierceness of samurai have been entangled with each other, giving birth to samurai Zen like falling cherry blossoms.
The biggest difference between Azuchi-Momoyama and other eras is that the social leaders of the Momoyama era were the samurai class who became the new rulers and the wealthy businessmen who engaged in overseas trade, that is, the rise of the town people's power. The tea people headed by Sen Rikyu are the representatives of the townspeople and exist around the samurai who have the same interests.In other words, the Momoyama era was a golden age in which powerful military generals combined with wealthy and wealthy businessmen and capital, continued to open up, and was brave and enterprising. Culturally, it was the coexistence of bold and flamboyant splendor and tranquil and clean grassy and shabby houses. This contradictory social situation ceased to exist after the country was locked down, and the class of scholars, farmers, industry, commerce, and industry was solidified. If the townspeople sought an ascending channel other than lying flat, they would first have to take a note of the samurai-lord's imperial exemption.
To a certain extent, the cooperation between Sen Rikyu, Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi symbolizes the mutual cooperation between the samurai and the townspeople. Rikyu's death was the inevitable outcome of the town people being forced to bow their heads under the blade of the samurai. By the time the Edo period the tea ceremony of Kohori Enshu, it was turned into a leisurely literature and art recognized by the ruler in vain, losing its bones and only skin.
The top of the tea and the sword hand in hand between the town people and the samurai is naturally Kitano tea soup.
On October 1st in the fifteenth year of Tianzheng (1587), Toyotomi Hideyoshi held a grand tea party at Kitano Tenmangu in order to celebrate the completion of the peace of Kyushu and Juledi. The tea party lasts for ten days. Anyone who is enthusiastic about the tea ceremony, whether they are courtiers or townspeople, just need to prepare a tea kettle, a fishing bucket, and a drink, and then they can come to participate in the tea party. In the pine forest, you can freely choose a seat with tatami , or straw mat . There is no distinction between high and low, as long as you come to Hideyoshi's tea table , you can get Guanbai tea in front of Hideyoshi.
During the tea party, the number of spectators was overwhelming. There were more than 800 tea banquets one after another, and the most dazzling one was Guan Bai's own golden tea room. Such extravagant scenes are incompatible with the wabi tea that Sen Rikyu admires, and Hideyoshi's bad taste and Rikyu's tea-person style are at odds because of this.
Kitano Tea Soup
For the tea ceremony, one tea kettle is enough. However, the samurai who pursue gorgeousness don't think so. Ao Chai shoulder red , Xintian shoulder red, teapot Sanriyue, Matsushima, all of them are invaluable, rich and noble enemies. The most famous is probably Song Yongxiu's flat spider tea kettle. Matsunaga could not give up this strange and rare tea set , and he did not hesitate to destroy it together. This way of spending huge sums of money to raise one's own worth is in conflict with the tea ceremony of Qian Lixiu's retirement.
Tea set is a prop for the tea ceremony, and the tea ceremony is a prop for helping people practice. Forgetting the original purpose of cultivation, blindly seeking a rare tea set, isn't this the performance of abandoning the basics and chasing the last. In Rikyu's view, the rare tea sets collected by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi at a high price can only be used to express the pure beauty of leisure and simplicity. The attitude of Sen Rikyu, the upstart Hideyoshi Toyotomi can't understand anyway.
There are two well-known stories between Rikyu and Hideyoshi. Hideyoshi heard that the morning glory in Sen Rikyu's house was in full bloom, and he was very yearning, and proposed to go to see the flowers. The next day he came to the courtyard of Lixiu's house, but found that the courtyard was clean and there were not a single flower. Hideyoshi indignantly walked across the courtyard into the tea room, only to see the only morning glory in the water bottle , which was so delicate and beautiful that it was pitiful. Morning Glory is also known as Chaoyan, story once had the phrase "it's hard to hold back one's hatred if you don't pick Chaoyan", which is very romantic. Hideyoshi's heart seemed to be grasped by Chaoyan Zhimei, and he was speechless.
In another story, Hideyoshi prepared a golden bowl filled with water with a red plum on the side, and told Sen Rikyu to decorate the tea room with these two items.Flower arranging can only use water bottles or flower mud , there is no way to stand in the bowl, Hideyoshi originally wanted to see Rikyu show his ugliness and make fun of it. As a result, Rixiu walked to the front calmly, held the red plum upside down, and stroked down the branches with one hand. The petals and buds fell one after another, and lightly appeared on the golden water bowl , which was extremely gorgeous and heroic. The onlookers were full of admiration, and they were all moved by Rixiu's ingenious thoughts.
Regardless of whether these two stories are true or false, it can very well illustrate the difference in aesthetics between Rikyu and Hideyoshi. When everyone is having fun together, this kind of story is called leisure anecdote, and when it turns against each other, it can become a lead snake out of its hole.
In the nineteenth year of Tianzheng (1591), Sen Rikyu donated a mountain gate to Kyoto's Daitokuji Temple, and the famous Hasegawa et al. were responsible for the decoration of the mountain gate. A wooden statue of Rikyu himself is placed on the mountain gate, wearing a cassock and stepping on straw shoes. As a result, this incident angered Toyotomi Hideyoshi, thinking that he passed under the foot of the wooden statue equivalent to Rikyu, which was especially rude, so he ordered Sen Rikyu to return to Sakai City for hibernation. Soon, Rikyu was recalled to Kyoto to cut his belly to death, and the wooden statue was chopped into pieces.
Dade Temple Mountain Gate Golden Hair Pavilion
Qian Lixiu's poem of death before his death is: Life is seventy, Li Weixi Duo, this sword of mine, the ancestors and Buddhas killed together, I would like to give me a sword, which is thrown from heaven and earth at this time today.
"On that day, Zong Yi's mother, along with her daughter, was tortured by Ishida Harubu's junior assistant and used a pot to feed the snake. His mother fainted on the spot, and so did his daughter. I don't know if it was true." Yoshida Kanmi wrote in his diary This is recorded. Sen Rikyu's son Doan fled to Hida, his son-in-law Shaoan defected to Aizu, 's family was destroyed, his wife and children were separated, the situation was tragic, and the government and the public were shocked.
Easy to change but old people's hearts, but old people's hearts are changeable.In the first year of Wenlu (1592), in the second year of Qian Rixiu's belly cut, Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent 100,000 troops to trample on North Korea, with his eyes pointing to Daming. The townspeople of Sakai City rely on overseas trade for profit, and they strongly oppose Hideyoshi's reckless actions. There are many famous Christians under Lixiu's family, and he also disapproves of the move to conquer the dynasty. It's just that when Rixiu is dead, everything is suspended.
One person dies and millions are buried, who can understand the karma in this world?
After the death of Qian Rixiu, Qian Shao'an, the son-in-law and adopted son, inherited the family business, and later branched out into three schools: the Qianjia, Liqian and Wuzhe Xiaolu Qianjia.
The disciples of Lixiu's disciples are like crucian carp crossing the river, and the outstanding ones are called "Lixiu Qi Zhe". As for who the seven people are, there are different opinions. The recognized list in the tea ceremony world is: Gamo's Township , Hosokawa Zhongxing , Seta Sobu, Zhishan Supervisor, Takayama Ukin, Makimura Bingbu, Furuta Oribe .
Kazuo's town was originally a general under Oritoyo, and was entrusted with Aizu, with a territory close to one million stone. Kazuo apprenticed to Sen Rikyu in his early years. After Rikyu's death, he sheltered Sen Shaoan in exile in Aizu, and cleverly persuaded Toyotomi Hideyoshi to allow Shaoan to return to Kyoto to re-establish his family business. Therefore, he ranked first in the list of the seven philosophers recognized by the Omochi family.
And the last Furuta Oribe was formerly known as Furuta Shigeran. Although he was rated as the most incompetent in the tea ceremony by the watch family, he was the true successor of the samurai tea after Rikyu. Sen Rikyu's tea ceremony was out of the formula, indifferent and peaceful, while the tea ceremony of Furuta Oribu was grand and ceremonial, and it was the most suitable for the shogunate's requirement of paying attention to the rules of superiority and inferiority.
Furuta Oribu later served the second-generation general Tokugawa Hidetada and became the leader of the tea people in the world. The Summer Battle of Osaka ended, Toyotomi perished, and Furuta was accused by the shogunate of sympathizing with the Toyotaka family, plotting rebellion, and was as desperate as the master Sen Rikyu.
After Furuta, his disciple Kohori Enshu was succeeded as the shogun's tea ceremony guide. Kobori Enshu, formerly known as Kobori Masaichi, served more than 400 tea parties in his life, and served more than 2,000 tea customers, ranging from the famous public officials to the townspeople and merchants. Seal the Omi-komuro vassal with 12,000 stone. In the thirteenth year of Qingchang (1608), Kobori was responsible for rebuilding Junfu Castle, and it was called Yuanzhou because of his meritorious deeds.
The Statue of Enshu Kohori Raikyu Temple
The tea ceremony of Enshu Kohori is concerned with diligence and gentleness, and advocates long-term practice to experience the elegance and grace of the upper class.
"The way of tea soup is to be loyal and filial to your father." This is what Yuanzhou's tea teaching said.
Compared with the tea ceremony of Sen Rikyu's pursuit of truth and enlightenment, the tea ceremony in Yuanshu is very different.
Only the mediocre way of Yuanzhou can last a long time in the world.
Li Huo's Tao is only suitable for the recollection of future generations to recite silently.
Thinking about it this way, the world is really suitable for lying flat.
(End of Section 98)
