KMT army provoked civil war , but the ultimate winner was our party.
The 8 million troops that the Nanjing government relied on for survival at that time will no longer exist in the end, but where did the representatives of these military groups go?
They all have to undergo labor and ideological transformation, Beijing has Gongdelin and Chongqing has management office.
Three major battles , a large number of captured national army generals and senior commanders were found to have been imprisoned all over the country, and by 1950, they were successively concentrated in Gongdelin in Beijing.
In addition to imprisoning prisoners of war, they also teach them skills so that they can better devote themselves to society after they are released from prison. At least they have the skills to support their families. It can also be said that it was the labor reform agency in China at that time.
What I want to talk about today is an interesting story when I was in the prisoner-of-war camp in Chongqing.
At that time, a leader of our party read out the practical theory proposed by Chairman Mao in 1937 in order to actively transform the ideas of prisoners of war. There is a pair inside
, taking off their pants and cutting their tails. Unexpectedly, the leader had a heavy accent at that time and said that the tail of his tail was (chicken); the senior Kuomintang generals below thought that they would not only transform their thoughts, but also cleanse them, which scared them to death. They only breathed a sigh of relief after the misunderstanding was solved.
In fact, although the prisoner-of-war camp at that time seemed to be a prison on the surface, its internal management was not that strict.
Because our party does not expect to get any information from these generals.
is completely different from the Zhazidong established by the Kuomintang at that time, Baigongguan.
The prison door is not locked normally. In addition to being unable to walk out of the prison gate, it is really relaxed in order to allow prisoners of war to relax as much as possible to accept the transformation.
"Take off your pants and cut your tail" was actually Mao Zedong proposed in "On Practice" (1937) that after the human cognitive movement has risen from perceptual cognition to rational cognition, it is not the end of cognition, and its ultimate goal is to transform the world.
Life of War Criminals Management Institute
1949, under the impact of the torrent of the people's revolution, the rule of the Kuomintang regime on the mainland completely collapsed.
Many military and political officials of the Kuomintang, war criminals of all sizes, have fallen into the people's legal net one after another.
How to deal with these war criminals has become a concern for the world.
In the past, when people mentioned prisons, they would immediately think of high walls, power grids, shackles, iron windows... During the long period of Kuomintang rule, the cruel suppression of the revolutionary people by the reactionaries made many people believe that if war criminals go to prison, they will have to peel off even if they don’t die.
Although each war criminal did not recognize his crime at that time, he was confident about this.
However, no one expected that bad luck never came, and their transformed lives were so colorful, bringing infinite vitality and hope.
The Communist Party did not use the method of treating arrested Communists in the Kuomintang prison to "remain the treatment of arrested communists."
Ten or twenty years later, they all walked out of the war criminal management office with a new spirit.
What an amazing change this is from a war criminal to a citizen of the new China, from a national sinner to the master of the country!
The Communist Party of China’s policy on reforming war criminals has aroused the amazement and curiosity of people from all walks of life at home and abroad.
What method did the Communist Party use to transform these war criminals and become human beings again?
How did they live in the War Criminal Management Office? They didn’t have food, they were not covered in clothes, and were bent by heavy labor?
They have been isolated from the world for a long time and cannot meet their relatives. They sit in the sad city every day and are in a state of lingering face. Why do they die in the year?
Why did the Communist Party do this? And it is so patient and meticulous... These many questions can actually be found in the merit forest.
It turns out that everything is so unexpected, so reasonable, convincing and contemplating.
Gongdelin
Gongdelin was originally a temple outside Deshengmen in Beijing. During the Republic of China, it was converted into a prison.
This prison was built in the name of Japan's reform of justice, so the structure of the prison was based on Japan (Japanese prisons are German-style).
At the gate of the prison, within the guard line, there is a stone tablet with thirteen lines of monuments engraved on it, describing the process of building the prison.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China, during the reign of Duan Qirui, the Justice General Luo Wengan finally completed the entire construction of the prison. This is the famous Second Model Prison.
Since the founding of New China , Gongdelin has been directly under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security. It was called the Beijing War Criminals Management Office at that time. The director of the Management Office at that time was Section Chief Yao, who was once from the Zhanghe Training Class.
Gongde Forest covers a large area, with nearly 100 acres and is surrounded by tall walls. You can imagine it as a large yard.
When you enter the gate, there is a square. There was a gallows in the middle of the square, but they have been demolished. Now there is only a deep pit for wooden stakes. There are three houses on the south side of
. The first two are 2 stories and the third one is a bungalow, but the decoration in the bungalow is relatively regular, with not only sofas, but also carpets. There are two gardens between the buildings of
3, and the garden next to it is all planted with plum blossoms.
Everyone also knows that when the plum blossoms bloom, the leaves are light green and the petals turn pink. They are the flowers that literati and poets often use to recite poems and write poems. They can be said to be very elegant and quiet.
to the east of the gate are bungalows in rows. The center of the prison is the eight alleys in an electric light. The intersection of
Alley is an octagonal building that is several dozen meters high. When a sentry stands upstairs, you can see the situation of each alley. At the foot of the octagonal building, there are several small octagonal buildings. The gate of the octagonal building is facing the alley, and each alley has an iron bar.
There is a bungalow that sits opposite north and south, and there is even a small sports field between the bungalows.
There are more than 20 acres of land on the backyard, including a well.
The yard is full of sycamore trees, and the environment is quite good. It is not an exaggeration to call it a farm stay.
"Qiu Laohu"
Commander of the 206th Division of the Kuomintang Army Qiu Xingxiang , nicknamed "Qiu Laohu", also came to Gongdelin.
Qiu Xingxiang just walked downstairs with dim light, and he looked wrong.
As a former teacher, I have been in Huangpu, but I have seen beautiful mountains and rivers in Huangpu and heard the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers.
Gongdelin has a unique mood.
Of course he didn't care about this. He mainly cared about the Communist Party's post, because the post was very far away. It was originally located at the entrance of the village, and then retreated from the entrance of the village.
Qiu Xingxiang's consciousness is still stuck in the past, basically equating the concept of ordinary people's villages with the Communist prisons.
What suddenly appeared in front of him was the high walls, heavy iron fences, and deep alleys...
Yes, Qiu Xingxiang is afraid of it here.
Because he knew the evil deeds of the Kuomintang to the Communist Party.
He felt that there was a bloody smell in the alley, and there were also the bodies of a former Communist Party member under the plum blossoms.
Duan Qirui was hanged against the Communists during his reign, and Chiang Kai-shek was even more cruel, directly slaughtering the Communist Party on a large scale.
Old China, the stinky warlords have degenerated human civilization on a large scale, but their primitive barbaric instincts are fully demonstrated.
The atmosphere in Gongdelin Hutong has become so gloomy: If a person who is not a prisoner stays here for a few days, this person will ask himself in horror in an instant: Are you a prisoner?
This atmosphere is naturally very frightened for the real prisoner Qiu Xingxiang.
"Scared"
He couldn't help but think about the reason why the Communist Party brought him into Gongdelin. If he thought the Communist Party was not unreasonable, he would think he was unlucky.
's goal is not difficult to find - he almost thought with premonition that at the end of last year, the People's Liberation Army Headquarters issued an order to punish war criminals, announcing that all Kuomintang officers, Kuomintang party departments and government officials at all levels ordered their subordinates to commit crimes such as massacre of the people, discharging poison gas, destroying buildings, and destroying materials.
At the beginning of this year, a spokesperson for the Communist Party of China issued a statement that the conditions for peace must include the punishment of Kuomintang war criminals.
Qiu Xingxiang knew in his heart that his identity was a war criminal.
So, how did the Communist Party punish the Kuomintang war criminals?
His historical knowledge tells him that in the political struggles of the old era, the winner would not easily forgive an enemy, and politics will always be more cruel and longer than military.
He felt that the punishment he had expected in his past was probably one tenth or one percent of what he would have to bear.
When he thought this way, he could not find any reason to curse the Communist Party except cursing his own destiny.
He figured it out: this is the case when changing dynasties. Some people are lucky and some people are unlucky.
If the Kuomintang gained power in military affairs, it would be like what it did when it was in power. Chiang Kai-shek would rather kill him wrongly than let him go. Now, Qiu Xingxiang lowered his head and slowly walked into the small octagonal building.
He looked at the cypress tree in front of the tower, and felt a little unworldly:
Isn’t this merit forest a Buddhist temple? Isn’t my mother a devout Buddhist? He hopes that he will be here every day, and that the monks’ dormitory of the Brahma Palace are full of ears and the fish are clear and chimes are clear. Although he cannot revive his life like the subordinates of Sun Chuanfang, he can be as clean as Sun Chuanfang was in Zizhu Forest in Tianjin in his later years, and he will also have to masturbate.
Qiu Xingxiang stood at the entrance of the alley and looked up at the top - he didn't know the alley here. In the past, he had compiled the names according to " Heaven and Earth Xuanhuang , the universe's prehistoric world". He only saw eight round black-backed and white-shaped wooden signs the size of a washbasin, hanging on the gray wall above the gate of the alley.
Yes, this second model prison built by the Beiyang warlords is now being used by the people's government for the first time.
What kind of secret is hidden in the alley downstairs of the octagonal building? In the Wuzi Hutong, Qiu Xingxiang boldly conducted a test on the middle of the two walls of the
alley, which is a triangle area.
From the bottom to the top, you can see a corner of the sky; from the top to the bottom, you can see a piece of land - in a certain sense, the Communist Party of China began to transform a dirty world.
Just when the streets of Beijing were still filled with dilapidated old toilets, the sanitary equipment here had reached a modern level. A new bathroom (with a pond and a shower), a laundry room and a public toilet (with a flush toilet) have been built.
There is a ceiling in the cell, a concrete floor underneath, and a window is installed in the middle.
Because people can understand it, the windows here are not glass, but Korean paper .
This kind of Korean paper is soaked in tung oil, which is both transparent and windproof.
There is a bed near the wall in the room, divided into single and open beds, both made of wooden boards and more than one foot high.
is covered with mattresses, and above the mattress is a sheet, and the quilt and pillows are all made of new products.
And every room here is equipped with a dining table, and there are several small wooden stools under the dining table.
and so many war criminals later called it Gongdelin home.
"Home" means warmth, kindness, warmth and destination.
can be enjoyed, there is no trace of prison atmosphere there, but it is a place for them to practice socially.
If people pay a little attention to current affairs, they must be amazed at the more delicate ingenuity of the Communist Party of China.
Just as rays of sunshine were already seen inside the high wall of Gongde Forest, spring rain was pouring out of the high wall.
General discussion
October 1959, the war criminals in Gongde Fortune continued to study, and then they would do some simple labor after learning. In the evening, they would write some experiences through learning and labor.
But on December 4th, it was a special day. Suddenly, everyone was notified to wear their clothes neatly, and everyone went to the auditorium to gather.
When they entered the venue, they realized that today was the day of pardon.
At that time, they were very excited, happy and nervous, because no one knew whether it was a total pardon or a partial pardon.
10 o'clock, the amnesty meeting officially began. After the leader's speech, he began to announce the amnesty list.
The first batch of pardons were ten people, including: Du Yuming , Wang Yaowu , Zeng Kuoqing, Chen Changjie, Zheng Tingji, Qiu Xingxiang, Lu Junquan, Yang Botao , Zhou Zhenqiang , Song Xilian . After the amnesty meeting, they returned to their resident and immediately put on new clothes sent to them by the government and cleaned up their luggage.
Director Wang of Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau came to pick them up in person and took them to a hotel in the city by car.
In this way, they bid farewell to Gongdelin and entered a new society from the war criminal management office.
On March 19, 1975, the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China , in accordance with the decision of the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National People's Congress, announced the amnesty and release of 293 war criminals in custody. After the solemn decision of
was made public, all the war criminals detained in war criminal management centers in various places were extremely excited and burst into tears. The relatives of the war criminals were even more excited.
news spread like wildfire and was supported by the people of the whole country, causing great shock and response at home and abroad.
Since the founding of New China, the Kuomintang war criminals detained in war criminal management centers in various places:
Some are the regional commanders, commanders of the group army, commanders of the army, commanders, and division commanders of the Kuomintang provincial and municipal party departments, some are the provincial chairman, director, and administrative inspector of the Kuomintang government, some are the leaders of the three Youth League of Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communist vanguard, Zhongtong , Military Control Commissioner , gendarmerie and other secret agencies and the leaders of various regions.
According to their crimes, some have cast poison gas on the battlefield and killed prisoners; some have presided over and participated in planning large-scale arrests, massacres, and great destruction, and buried them alive in Red Army and their families; some have created previous anti-communist incidents and tragedies.
In short, they are all stubborn elements who are extremely guilty and have their hands covered with the blood of the people.
On the day of the amnesty, when reporters interviewed them and asked about their thoughts, they were all grateful to the Communist Party of China and the People's Government.
Some of them said, "Chairman Mao is my savior, and the Communist Party is my rebirth parent."
Some of them said, "I will never forget the kindness of the Communist Party transforming me into a newcomer. I feel the greatest happiness in being able to become a citizen of New China."
How do war criminals who are cruel and resolutely anti-communist and anti-people transform into newcomers who admit their sins and obey the law, and do good? This cannot be attributed to the policies of the Communist Party of China, and it is also the result of the long-term and hard work of the people's government in implementing this policy.
