In August 1945, after Japan announced its surrender, the Korean peninsula, which had long been under Japanese colonial rule, became an important area for competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the game between the two sides, in the second half of 1948, two regimes, the Democratic People’s Government of Korea and the Republic of Korea, were established on the Korean peninsula with the “38th line” as the boundary.
However, both regimes are trying to unify the Korean peninsula, which inevitably leads to disputes. From the beginning of 1949 to June 1950, the two sides had more than 2,000 military frictions near the "38th Parallel".
On June 25, 1950, the Korean People's Army took the lead in launching a full-scale offensive. The Korean Civil War broke out. The Korean Army retreated steadily. The Korean People's Army quickly captured the capital of South Korea, Seoul.
In order to safeguard its interests in Asia, the United States sent troops to assist South Korea on June 26. However, the Korean People's Army had a strong offensive momentum. By September, it had already controlled most of the Korean peninsula, and the US-South Korean coalition forces were suppressed near the small and cramped Busan.
After the Korean Civil War broke out, especially after the US military entered the war, in order to protect my country's northeast border from infringement, the Central Military Commission decided to form the northeast border guard on July 13.
On September 15, the U.S. 10th Army landed from the Incheon area on the southern west coast of the Korean Peninsula. The Korean People's Army suffered heavy losses and suffered heavy losses. After that, the U.S. military, ignoring China’s strong warning, crossed the "38th Parallel" on October 1, and occupied Pyongyang on October 19 in an attempt to quickly occupy the entire North Korea. At the same time, US military planes have repeatedly invaded China's airspace and bombed the Dandong area. The war is about to burn to the side of the Yalu River.
On October 1st and 3rd, the North Korean government and Kim Il-sung repeatedly requested China to send troops for support. After many discussions, Mao Zedong and other central leaders unified their opinions and decided to send troops to aid North Korea, not only to help North Korea, but also to maintain my country's own security and development.
On October 8, Mao Zedong issued an order to reorganize the Northeast Frontier Defense Army into the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army, and appointed Peng Dehuai as commander and political commissar.Stand by. On October 18th, Mao Zedong issued a formal order to enter North Korea. On the evening of October 19, Peng Dehuai led the Chinese People's Volunteers from Andong, Changdian River Mouth, Ji'an and other places across the Yalu River and into the northern part of North Korea.
From October 25, 1950, the Volunteer Army fought its first battle after entering North Korea. By July 1953, the two sides signed the "Korea Armistice Agreement". The final victory of the Korean War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea defeated the inextricable U.S. military, broke the dream of the United Nations headed by the United States in attempting to occupy the Korean peninsula, thereby threatening our country’s territorial security, elevated our country’s international status, and won for decades for our country. A period of peaceful development.
Some friends may ask, why do you want to participate in the war in the name of the Chinese People’s Volunteers, instead of supporting North Korea under the Chinese People’s Liberation Army or other names?
I have to mention the far-sighted considerations of the central leaders at that time. Although we wanted to support North Korea and fight the US military, we did not want to fight a full-scale war with the US-led coalition forces at that time, so we cannot rely on the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Participate in the war in name, otherwise it may trigger a full-scale confrontation between China and the United States, and even cause a world war.
In fact, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou initially named the troops preparing to enter North Korea as the support army, which means that we are supporting North Korea in fighting, not in the war between our country and the enemy.
Later, the central government asked for opinions from democrats such as , Huang Yanpei, , etc., on the name of the army that entered the DPRK. Huang Yanpei felt very wrong about the "support army" proposed by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou. He thought that the division should be famous, and the main body of the support army was the country. If in the name of the support army, it would actually be China. As the main body, fighting with the coalition forces headed by the United States is inconsistent with the original intention of disagreeing with the outbreak of a full-scale conflict with the United States. It still made the mistake of declaring war against the United States.
After listening to Huang Yanpei’s opinions, Chairman Mao felt that it made sense, and he was about to change "support" to "volunteer".The chairman explained: ". We are not declaring war with the United States or between the country and the country. We are the people's volunteers. This is a private matter. The people who volunteer to go to North Korea to help the North Korean people are not a country-to-state confrontation. ”
Indeed, volunteerism represents not the behavior of the state, but the voluntary desire of the people. It is a civil behavior, and naturally it will not trigger a full-scale confrontation between China and the United States in terms of appellation.
Moreover, the "Volunteer Army" is not China's first. There are precedents in the world. There are veritable civilian volunteers and government volunteers sent by the country.
During the American War of Independence , France sent a volunteer army composed of government troops to help the United States defeat the United Kingdom and the United States was able to gain independence.
from 1936 to 1939 during the Spanish Civil War, 54 countries’ anti-fascists formed a volunteer army with more than 35,000 people, including more than 100 Chinese living in Europe and the United States. , To support the Spanish Republican Army and the Spanish National Army led by Franco.
As a result, the name "Volunteer Army" was recognized by everyone, and the People's Liberation Army that entered North Korea was called the Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
At that time US Seventh Fleet entered the Taiwan Strait of our country, and the US Air Force continued to bomb the northeastern region of our country. Coupled with the previous US aggression and plunder of China, the Chinese people were already dissatisfied.Anti-American sentiment was extremely high. When the central government issued a call for to resist US aggression and aid Korea, the army and civilians voluntarily participated in the war. Therefore, our army was a veritable volunteer army. I don't want to expand the scale of the Korean War, and I don't want to fully develop with China. Especially European countries that have just emerged from the trauma of World War II, they are even more reluctant to expand the scale of the war.
When Truman made the remarks that the atomic bomb was to be used in North Korea, China did not speak out or panic. On the contrary, Western countries condemned the United States first.
76 Labour MPs from the United Kingdom jointly sent a letter to the Prime Minister, claiming that if the British government supports the United States to extend the war to China, they will vote of no confidence in the government.
When the Chinese army entered the war in the name of the volunteer army, the United States directly recognized the name of the volunteer army, and other countries even claimed that they had never fought against the new China. Therefore, the name of the Chinese People's Volunteers is quite clever. The name directly limits the scale of the war and avoids the expansion of the war.
China's participation in the war in the name of the volunteer army represents the Chinese people voluntarily helping the Korean people, not the war between China and the United States. It is quite wise.
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