Thousands of years of corn domestication and the history of agricultural civilization development are almost synchronized with the development and changes of human beings. Corn is the main food for a country and nation's survival, and was particularly important in the underdevelo

Corn - the sacred totem of the ancient tribe of the Dongyi tribe of Changbai Shandong

◎Wang Songlin Sui Lichuan \Wen

If I can express my love for the world with a kind of grain, then I will definitely put corn first. Thousands of years of corn domestication and the history of agricultural civilization development are almost synchronized with the development and changes of human beings. Corn is the main food for a country and nation's survival, and was particularly important in the underdeveloped agricultural civilization in ancient times. For many years, I have always had a special liking for corn research, and have conducted on-site inspections many times and constantly consulted the literature. The study on the causes of migration of ancient Dongyi tribes in my country and the origin of corn in this article is the result of my recent research. But it is just one's opinion, and I would like to discuss it with experts and scholars.

1. Beautiful and rich black soil

Agricultural science popularization data published: China's Jilin Golden Corn Belt starts from the southern part of Heilongjiang, including most of Jilin Province and 7 eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and extends to the northern part of Liaoning Province. It is known as the "three major gold corn belts in the world" together with the American corn belt and Ukrainian corn belt at the same latitude. Its core area is the Changchun Plain area of ​​Jilin Province, which is the distribution area of ​​black soil in my country. Black soil is the most fertile soil in the world, distributed in the semi-humid to semi-arid plain areas of Asia, Europe, North America and South America. There are four main distribution areas for concentrated black soil in the world: the Ukrainian Plain in Europe (about 1.9 million square kilometers), the Mississippi Plain in North America (about 1.2 million square kilometers), the Northeast Plain in China (about 1.02 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world), and the Pampas Grassland in South America (about 760,000 square kilometers).

The volcanic debris material caused by the super eruption of Changbai Mountain is rich in montmorillonite minerals. The dominant clay mineral combination of montmorillonite is an important element in the active soil formation process in . Black soil is a valuable resource given to mankind by nature. It is a soil with good traits, high fertility and very suitable for plant growth. It can be said that without the large plains created by super volcanoes, there would be no human farming civilization.

Black soil is one of the categories of soil, with high fertility and good traits. is a relatively ideal soil type for the development of agriculture. The formation of is mainly directly related to geological causes and climate factors. The black soil series in the Northeast region of my country is relatively wide in the distribution area. The most typical black soil is mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Songnen Plain in the northeast and the western part of the Sanjiang Plain. The total area is about 170,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the area of ​​Henan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong and other provinces and regions. It can be said to be an important "big granary" in the Northeast and even the whole country. Looking at the four major black soil areas around the world, it is not difficult to find that they all have one common feature, that is, they are all distributed in subtropical or temperate zones at mid- and high latitudes. For example, the Pampas grassland located in the southern part of the La Plata Plain is between 32° and 38° south latitude. Except for the subtropical grassland climate in the northeast, most of them have temperate continental climates. The Sanjiang Plain principle, which is alluvial by the three rivers, Heilongjiang, Ussuri River and Songhua River, is between 45°01′ and 48°27′ north latitude, and belongs to temperate monsoon climate. Due to the low temperature and small evaporation, the soil moisture (surface water) content is higher, which is conducive to the growth of broad-leaved forests or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests. Desolate leaves, dead branches, and even trees withered due to microbial decomposition, gradually form black soil after accumulation and precipitation day after day, year after year. It is understood that the formation cycle of black soil is very long. It requires at least about 200 to 400 years to accumulate and precipitate. Therefore, black soil is a precious and non-renewable soil source. This important resource must be protected step by step during the development and utilization process.

Ukrainian Plain , The Mississippi River Basin in the United States and the Northeast Plain in China have distinct climates of four seasons, lush vegetation, cold winters, and a large number of dead branches and leaves are difficult to corrode and decompose. After thousands of years, thick humus has been formed, that is, a fertile black soil layer. The organic matter content of black soil is about ten times that of loess, and it is the soil with the highest fertility and most suitable for farming. Therefore, the world's four major black soil areas have been successively developed into important grain bases.

The black soil in China is mainly distributed in the wavy undulating terraces in central and eastern Jilin Province, the forest meadows and meadow grassland areas of the Sanjiang Plain. The black soil distributed in the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in a crescent shape is the most fertile land in China. Because the thickness of the black soil layer is 30 to 100 cm, people always use "one liang of soil and two liang of oil" to describe its fertility and preciousness. At present, the arable land area of ​​black soil in my country is about 710 million hectares, which is an important commercial grain (bean) base in the Northeast region, and there are still about 3.3 million hectares of wasteland that can be reclaimed.

picture selected from "China National Geographic" 2019 issue 11

2. The black "gold" is quietly losing

In recent years, due to natural factors and human-made activities, soil erosion in the black soil area in the northeast has become increasingly serious, and the ecological environment is deteriorating. Now, the typical black soil area in Northeast China has a soil erosion area of ​​44,700 square kilometers, accounting for about 26.3% of the total area of ​​the typical black soil area. It takes 200 to 400 years for every centimeter of black soil to be produced, but now the black soil layer is losing at a rate of nearly 1 cm per year. The total amount of black soil lost every year reaches 200 million cubic meters. The nutrients that are eliminated by the runaway are equivalent to millions of tons of chemical fertilizers. The content of organic matter in the soil has dropped by nearly 2/3 compared with before the cultivation, and the phenomenon of plate solidification and salinization is serious. Since the black soil in northeast China has been reclaimed, due to the high intensity utilization in recent years, the thickness of the arable layer in some areas has deteriorated from the original 60 cm to about 20 to 30 cm today. Once the black soil layer disappears, the corn production reduction can reach 60% under the same input conditions and soybean production reduction by 30%. It may also cause a series of problems such as more serious soil erosion and dust storms.

Black soil is the most precious agricultural resource and an important production factor, and it concerns the output capacity of grain and agriculture. The quality of cultivated land has become the decisive factor in whether agriculture can ensure supply, income and ecological goals. Therefore, we must take effective measures to protect the black soil!

According to investigation, the average annual loss of the black soil surface in the black soil area is 0.3-1.0cm, and the soil organic matter decreases at a rate of 1/1000 every year. Due to years of severe soil erosion, the thicker black soil layer in the black soil area is now only 20-30cm. In some places, the loess parent substance has even been exposed, and the production capacity has basically been lost. The loss of black soil is different from loess. Loess only makes the soil thinner, but it can still grow crops; once the black soil is lost, it will cause a significant reduction in crop yields and unfinished harvests.

The black soil layer is thinning day by day, 9 cm less in 30 years. The black accumulation of more than 3,600 years has turned into black fog and drifted...

Due to the long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the soil fertility has been reduced, the soil has been damaged, the soil has been solidified, the organic matter has been reduced, and the permeability has been reduced, causing the soil to be damaged.

In order to solve this problem, we should strengthen overall coordination and unified guidance in , carry out work in a coordinated manner, and carefully protect and make good use of the black soil, the "giant panda in arable land". Formulate a black soil protection project plan and include more projects in the national project database. Actively create the Northeast Black Soil Protection National Key Laboratory, carry out scientific and technological research around key technologies for black soil protection, and explore the establishment of different models such as soil solidification and fertilizer maintenance, combining use and nourishment, drought resistance and fertilizer cultivation. Support black soil protection demonstration zones to try first. In addition, river crab farming in rice fields uses the ecological environment of rice fields, supplemented by artificial engineering measures to closely combine planting with crab raising. In the environment where rice and crabs are symbiotic and cultivated, river crabs can remove weeds in the fields and eat pests. Exhaust can fertilize the fields, reduce the amount of fertilizer, improve the quality of rice, reduce the environmental pollution level, and increase the benefits on the land.

In-depth summary and promotion of protective tillage, integrate and promote protection measures such as farming system reform and soil improvement and governance in cities and counties to protect black soil, and implement protective tillage. In accordance with the requirements of promoting protective tillage, strengthen the equipment capabilities of operating equipment. Research and formulate main recommended technical models and technical standards.Taking full-process mechanized new agricultural operators as the backbone, we will drive all types of new agricultural operators and farmers to actively apply protective farming technology. Therefore, cultivating new professional farmers will be the main force in future agricultural development. We must be committed to protecting the black soil and innovating our thinking. Protecting black soil is an important part of promoting the green development of agriculture in Northeast China. We must strengthen green development thinking, insist on starting from protecting and managing and restoring black soil, strengthen soil pollution control, vigorously develop integrated planting and breeding, ecological circular agriculture, and accelerate the formation of green production methods.

3. The black soil nurtured an ancient and wise nation

When the Huaxia community was formed, the surrounding residents were called Yi, Man, Rong and Di. The ancient character Yi is called Dachenggong, which is the image of an ancient hunter. Entering a class society, another layer of political color is added, saying that the barbarians are adults, benevolent people, and gentlemen. Because the barbarians have been in the primitive social stage for a long time, they have no strong desire to get rich, but they have the virtue of being willing to help each other. More importantly, the rulers of the Shang Dynasty came from the barbarians, so they treated the barbarians differently. Yi, also known as Dongyi, will only have Northeast Yi later.

The so-called barbarians are the general term for the Eastern clans by the Chinese in ancient my country. From the Xia to the Zhou Dynasty, many clans, tribes and ethnic groups called Yi were inhabited in eastern my country, generally known as Jiuyi. Guo Pu, a native of the Jin Dynasty, said: "The Nine Yi is in the East" according to the predecessors' call Yi is the East Yi. The Yi included in the ancient history "Bamboo Chronicles" include different names such as "quan" and "yu Yi", "fang Yi, "huang Yi, "bai Yi, "chi", "chi", "xuan Yi, "feng Yi, and "yang Yi". They all have their own clan origin legends.

Mythical story about Feng Yi is very rich in content. It is said that Fengyi occupies the top position among the clans of the Yi people. The ancestor of Fengyi people, Taihu, was named Fuxi. Fuxi and Nuwa are brothers and sisters, who become husband and wife, have children, and reproduce offspring. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the small countries of the barbarians "Ren, Su, Xu Ju, Zhuan Yu, and Feng surnames, and were actually in charge of Tai Lu and You Ji's sacrifices to serve the Xia Dynasty." This shows that the Yi people were in a subordinate position for the Huaxia people. Several descendants of the Yi people lived in the area of ​​Qufu, Shandong during the Spring and Autumn Period. Qufu at that time was also called "Shaofeng's Xu". It is said that Shaohu was separated from the Taihu clan. Tan (tin) of the Spring and Autumn Period said that Shao Ni was his ancestor and was named Qi. Shaobian clan is known as "the official of birds", including Fengniao clan, Xuanniao clan, Bo Zhao clan, Qingniao clan, Danniao clan, Zhu Jiu clan, Fengjiu clan, Jujiu clan, Jujiu clan, Shuangjiu clan, Fulhu clan, and "Five Pheasants" and "Jiuhu". These are all the names of birds, with 24 species in total, namely 24 clans.

Zhuanxu and Di Ku are two branches of the Yi people. Zhuanxu was the Gaoyang clan. "Zuo Zhuan" records that Gaoyang had 8 sons, which actually had 8 clans. The Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period was the "Gaoyang Miaose". After moving south, it was assimilated to the Southern Barbarians. Emperor Ku, namely Gao Xin, also had 8 sons, namely 8 clans, such as Bohu, Zhongxiong, Shubao, and Ji Cai, all of which were beast totems and belonged to the same clan.

Di Ku has two alias, one is Di Jun and the other is Di Shun. Jun was originally a bird name, and its descendants, the Shang clan once used the totem of the black bird (i.e., swallow). The myth of Xuanniao Shengshang is widely circulated. It is said that the grandmother of the Shang clan was named Jian Di, who bathed in the water of Xuanqiu with her sister. God sent a Xuanbi to fly to the waterfront and lay an egg. Jian Di was quick-witted and quick-witted. He picked up the swallow egg and swallowed it into his stomach. He became pregnant. Due to difficult childbirth, he gave birth to a caesarean section. The seal of the Shang family was enfeoffed, so there was a Shang family. In the "Xunzi" Chengxiang chapter, "Qi, the king of Xuan. He was born in Zhaoming, lived in Tsingshi, and was close to Shang." Gao Yu's notes on the topographic teachings of "Huainanzi" say: "Tianshi, the name of a mountain, is outside the border, from the Liao River, and enters the sea in the south." The water of Xuanqiu and the Tishi Mountain are both located in the northeast and west boundary today. Therefore, the ancestors of the Shang clan once lived in the Northeast and may be a branch of the Northeast Yi.

In the long and long cultural river of ancient China, many ancient tribes and countries were closely related to the bird totem culture. This bird totem culture is closely related to the traditional concept of the Chinese nation that long-term respect for birds, loves birds, respects birds, praises birds, and turns birds into gods.

tracing the origin of ancient times, the rich connotation of bird totem culture originated from the worship of birds by ancient ancestors.Bird-shaped cultural relics unearthed from archaeology in ancient Qianyang County, Qianzhong, Qianzhong, 7,500 years ago, the unearthed artistic pottery painted with fire phoenixes, human-faced bird-clawed gods with long fangs, and a group of small birds hatched from the birth sect of the sun-bird gods with long fangs. The Hemudu cultural site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has the "two birds rising sun pattern" and "two-headed bird patterns" and "two-headed bird patterns" and the Liangzhu cultural site has the jade bi "sun and moon map" and "birds standing on the mountain peak map". There are bird-patterned pottery at the Miaodigou cultural site in the late Yangshao period of the Yellow River Basin, and bird-shaped pottery columns at the Dawenkou cultural site. A jade phoenix unearthed from the tomb of Fu Hao in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan. It has three tall phoenix crowns and lotus flowers. Its long stretched tail is naturally curved, and its tail feathers are divided and integrated, clean and flawless. It shows the image of the phoenix to the world and is known as the "first phoenix in China".

A large number of bird-shaped cultural relics have been unearthed in ancient cultural sites in the northeast region. Archaeologists discovered bone carvings of stork bird patterns and bird-shaped pots around 7,000 years ago in the Nenjiang River Basin of Heilongjiang Province. In the 1980s, bone carving eagle heads were found in the Xinkailiu cultural site, which was about 6,000 years ago, near Xingkai Lake, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province. The bone carving is 7.3 cm long and has an overall shape. The eagle's head is extended forward in its neck, the eagle's eyes are bright and engraved with parallel patterns on the eagle's beak to highlight the sharp edge. The bird's head and head hairpin unearthed from the lower cultural site of Xinle, Shenyang, is about 7,200 years ago. This precious cultural relic, which has been restored, is 40 cm long and is a flat cone-shaped body. The wood carving handle is carved into a bird's head and decorated with wing patterns, and is hollowed out between them. The overall bird pattern is clearly layered, the structure is rigorous, and it is very three-dimensional. The middle part is decorated with edge patterns, which has a harmonious decorative effect. Bird-shaped tools have been found in Neolithic sites in Jilin City, Baicheng City and Yanji City, Jilin Province. There are many jade birds in the cultural relics unearthed from the Hongshan Cultural Site in western Liaoning, as well as phoenix-shaped jade pendants that date back to 5,000 years ago; the horn-shaped jade artifacts unearthed from Dongshanzui are spreading their wings and are vivid in shape; the stone-pan mountain bird-shaped pot is more peculiar, and the overall resembles a bird's head with its head held high and open its mouth to feed. The spout is a bird's head, and the bird's neck, eyes, and forehead are all painted with black paint, which embellish the bird's head to life and lively. There are 7 holes at the tail of the pot, which may be a socket for inserting feathers. It is a rare work that integrates sculpture and painting art. In addition, jade birds were also unearthed in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province. A bird-shaped pottery cover was unearthed at the middle-level cultural site of Xiaozhu Mountain in Liaodong Peninsula; a lot of bird-shaped sculptures were unearthed at the Houwa Cultural site near Donggang City. One of the sculptures is a human-bird-shaped shape, which has the meaning of human-bird intersecting. There is a round hole on the upper part of the sculpture, which can be used to wear spiritual objects on the chest. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The East Classic of Great Wilderness" once recorded this kind of spiritual object that integrates humans and birds: "In the bank of the East Sea, there is a god, with a human face and a bird's body... called Yuzi." An amazing pottery painting was unearthed at the Xiaoshan Cultural Site in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, about 7,000 years ago - a painter from the primitive clan, pressed the magical patterns such as deer heads, bird heads, and pig heads on the abdomen of the pottery culprit, forming a mysterious painting full of the complex totem worship culture. The images of human heads, bird heads, pig heads and deer heads in pottery paintings are all accompanied by deformed auspicious cloud patterns, which makes the overall picture look magical and dynamic, and makes the viewer suddenly have mysterious fantasies. As long as you are in front of this pottery painting, you will enter the realm of a primitive religion. The bird god picture on the pottery is "bird's head and snake body". The huge body and curly snake tail, as well as the eagle's beak, horned eyes, sharp claws and other characteristics all have the artistic conception of "turning birds into gods". This cultural relic was unearthed in the largest house site in the Xiaoshan Cultural Site, and its owner is likely to be the shaman chief of this clan tribe. The above-mentioned cultural relics worshipped by the prehistoric ethnic bird totem spiritual objects have obvious coherence in ancient cultural heritage in archaeology.

There is no doubt that Chinese bird culture and bird totem worship have a long history, and can be traced back to the early Paleolithic cultural era of the primitive matriarchal clan society.From the analysis of this phenomenon that most of the birds worshipped by ancient ancestors were related to agricultural activities, the origin of bird culture was not only because ancient ancestors could listen to the birds' singing every day, accompany the birds, and the infinite imagination of the free soaring of the birds. More importantly, birds played a huge role in pioneering the ancestors in judging the agricultural solar term. The earliest "phenology" adopted by China's southern rice cultivation zone should be the oldest "bird calendar". This original "bird calendar" and rice (gray) seeds, farm tools, breeding, and primitive irrigated agricultural "mulberry fields" belong to the ancestral cultural category of pioneers of the settled agricultural society in the Dahe Basin.

These unearthed cultural relics related to the worship of bird totems and a large number of ancient lost articles show that China's bird culture originates more from the ancient Dongyi tribe, and is closely linked to many ancient historical anecdotes such as "there are big valleys outside the East China Sea, the country of Shaohao" and "the country of Eastern gentlemen". To this end, every explorer cannot help but ask the question: Why did the bird totem tribe migrate and live in the Changbai Mountain area of ​​the northeast, known as the "Great Wilderness" in history? For this eternal mystery that lacks cultural and historical records, we can also use the latest research results of ancient meteorological geography, as well as the "language" left by ancient tribe totems and ancient myths to the future generations, and combine multidisciplinary research results from a new cultural perspective to explore and interpret the major changes that have taken place in Chixian Shenzhou in ancient times.

Ecological environment is closely related to human activities, especially it has a huge restrictive effect on the living space of ancient humans. Mr. Zhu Kezhen, the founder of modern Chinese meteorology and geography, discussed in the "Climate Changes in Chinese History" (Volume 2, 3 of the Oriental Magazine) and "Preliminary Research on Climate Changes in China in the Last Five Thousand Years" (Journal of Archaeology, Issue 1, 1972). 18,000 years ago, sea level was 132 to 150 meters lower than modern times. The Bohai Bay was once a land land. Changes caused by crust changes, especially frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, caused changes in ocean currents. methane stored in biosegment layers were released into the atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect, causing icebergs on the poles of the earth to crack, sea level rose accordingly, and mankind entered a catastrophic flood era. Quaternary geologists classified around 8,500 to 3,000 years ago as the Great Warmth Period of the Holocene. Research data shows that the peak period of global sea level rise is 7800-7400, 7000-6500, and 4500-4000 years ago. During this period, from 4800 to 4200, abnormal climate cooling led to the "Little Ice Age"; from 4208 to 4120, the sixth major flood occurred after the end of the ice age. "Shangshu Yao Dian": "The flood is cut, and the mountains are shining." "Mencius Teng Wengong II": "The water retrogrades and floods in China." At that time, the coastline entered westward to the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway at the foot of the Taihang Mountains, and North China and Northeast China were mostly sea-populated areas. The changes in the world are not something that people today can understand and feel. 5,200 years ago, the Changbai Mountain super volcano erupted, and severe natural environment disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and floods led to large-scale long-distance migration and refuge in the prehistoric first-time citizens. Modern scientific research shows that the biological extinction circle formed by the multiple disaster effects of supervolcanic eruptions is far more than thousands of kilometers. In particular, the super energy released to the isothermal strata instantly forms a high-speed jet, which is enough to cause the Earth's rotation axis to shift. Compared with the continental plates in the Northern Hemisphere, this is the most important factor in entering the warm or ice age. Therefore, today's geographical environment cannot be compared to restore the earth's terrestrial ecosystem and human geographical appearance in ancient times. We should learn from the research results of the historical changes of China's environmental and climate factors, correctly understand and try to restore ancient society, and analyze the initial source of Chinese civilization and the tortuous historical evolution process.

Mr. Zhu Kezhen explained: "Natural changes lead to strong changes in environmental landforms, which are an important factor in the large-scale and long-distance migration of the ancient tribes." The homes of the ancient tribes were attacked by floods. "The floods were large, and each was located on the high continent. Where people live, there are twelve places" (quoted from "Records of the Grand Historian: Tianguan Book 5"). "Er Ya·Shui" says: "Those who can live in the water are called continents", namely the twelve continents (including the three islands of Japan).The ancient pioneers migrated to the Changbai Mountain area east of the Bohai Sea, gathering into the three main ethnic groups of the ancient Yi Yinglong, turtle snake, and yang bird. They built Buzhou Fuzi (sea walls) in the valleys of the sea, built surrounded wood mulberry fields, and planted Buzhou Millet. What is mulberry field? The ancients "build wood into nests to avoid harm to the whole world." Grove: The name of wood is Mulberry family, Grove is Mulberry. At the water outlet of the mountain on the coast, mulberry wood and rocks are used to fill the sea. The embankment is called "Buzhou Fuzi". In order to prevent floods, the net canals are dug in the dike, and vines are built to erect wood around it. The construction is called mulberry fields. The silt in the canals around the mulberry fields was the best fertilizer at that time. In ancient times, it was called "Millet of Buzhou" and was a grain planted in the mulberry fields in the Buzhou dike. "Mulberry Bird People" is the ancient bird totem tribe who engages in agriculture in mulberry fields. The Yangbird tribe is located in the mudflat wetlands in Huaishan Xiangling between the ancient East China Sea and the Bohai Sea. It surrounds the sea to build fields and dig canals across the road. It is a large scale. It is called "empty mulberry" and "poor mulberry" in history, and later generations call it "the world of change". In ancient American countries, the Mayans dug canals to build highland farming in flooded land, using only axes and hoes made of flint, allowing people today to witness the images of these extraordinary buildings. The volume of "The Corpse" says: "Shaohao Jintian's town is in Qiansang, and the five colors of the sun shine on each other." "Zuo Zhuan·Zhaogong's 29th Year" says, "Shaohao's four uncles are: Chong, Ji, Hui, and Xi, which can actually be metal, wood and water. Chong is Jumang, Ji, Hui is Rushou, and Xi is Xuanming. He will not lose his duties in the world, so he will help Qiansang." The "Shan Hai Jing" records "The Sun of the Sun" and "The Mountains of Hunting Mulberry... There is snow in winter and summer." Ge Hong wrote "Baopuzi" and said: "Changshan Taibai is in Dongyang" and refer to the Changbai Mountain area in the northeast. Yangbird culture is the source of Changbai Mountain culture. It has been integrated into the treasure house of Chinese traditional civilization through thousands of years of evolution. It shines like clouds and shines for generations.

"Shan Hai Jing·Dahuang East Classic" begins with a clear statement: "There are big valleys outside the East Sea, the country of Shaohao." The big valley has a geographical coordinates of "East of the Bohai Sea" (quoted from "Liezi·Tang Wenpian"). 50 miles north of Jizhou, there were two towns of Ahan and Taishen in the Ming Dynasty. These are the ten Jurchen towns that live in the northeast of the peninsula. The Kingdom of Shaohao and the ancient divine ruins were banned in the Qin Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, Bohai, Liao and Jin dynasties, they were all under the jurisdiction of the Chinese regime. Later, they were recruited by Zhu Di, the Emperor Cheng of Ming Dynasty to pacify the Dongyi and "seize the vassals and establish the guards" and gave it to the Li family Korea rashly. Regarding this, the Dingyou record of the 30th year of the 19th year of the Li Dynasty in North Korea: "The Xianjing Road is not originally a land of our country, and the so-called Nanwoju is now Wudaoli." Wudaoli, transliterated by the Odori, Mengge Timur, a tribe of the Odori tribe of the Jianzhou Jurchens, lived here when he was Douman (Wanhu). The "New Book of Tang Geography" quotes Jia Dandaoli's record, which describes the northern route from the Tang Dynasty to the Bohai Kingdom, namely Yalu Riverkou-Mardu-Shenzhou-Xianzhou (Jizhou, Korea)-Helong-Dunhua-Ning'an (King City of Bohai), are all affiliated with the "National Kingdom of Shaohao" and "National gentlemen" developed by the ancient Yiyang bird tribe. It is called "old country" and "old country" in history. This ancient road is also a historic passage for the Shang Dynasty to migrate to America, the Limo-Mi-Tribes' eastward return and the Jianzhou Jurchens' advance westward.

Shaohao, the leader of the ancient Dongyi ethnic group, once assisted Taihao in observing the sky and making the calendar. He founded the October solar calendar and the 12th month Tailun calendar. With the cooperation of the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches, they created the sixty Jiazi stems and branches, and the leap year is held every four years, and the Yin and Yang calendar is combined, laying a solid foundation for the Chinese lunar calendar. Later generations praised it as the "Sun and Moon Heavenly Father". The Shaohao tribe uses birds as the totem, namely the Five Phoenix, Five Dove, Five Phoenix, and Nine Birds, which are also known as the Yang Bird tribe. "Huainanzi Astronomy" says: "Feathers are flying, so they belong to Yang." The Yang birds of Shaohao tribe totem are all birds in the Changbai Mountain area, most of which are Xiahou birds. They live in Changbai in summer and fly to Jianghuai Lake in winter for winter. Therefore, Jianghuai is also a hereditary territory of the Bird Totem Kingdom. "Shi Yi Ji" by King Jia of Qin said: "When Huang'e was born in Shaohao, she was called Qiongsang clan and Jintian clan. At that time, there were five phoenixes, which followed the color of the square and gathered in the imperial court..."

Shaohao was elected as the leader of the tribe and formed the Yangbird Totem Kingdom.The Phoenix with the phoenix as the totem serves as the chief executive of the Li Yuan, and the chief executive of the Elephant Control Calendar; the Xuanniao with the horned owl as the totem serves as the Si Fen, and the main member of the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox; the Bo Zhao with the red-faced cuckoo as the totem serves as the Si Zhi, and the main member of the Summer and Winter Solstice; the Blueniao with the Peacock as the totem serves as the Si Qi, and the main member of the Start of the Summer and Winter Solstice; the Danniao with the Red-crowned Crane as the totem serves as the Si Qu , the commander of the Beginning of Spring and Autumn Festival; Five Doves: Zhu Jiu, who uses quail as the totem, serves as Situ, in charge of civil affairs; Feng Jiu, who uses cormorants as the totem, serves as Sima, in charge of military affairs; Feng Jiu, who uses cuckoo as the totem, serves as Sikong, in charge of engineering; Feng Jiu, who uses swallows and birds as the totem, serves as Siko, in charge of criminal law; Fu Jiu, who uses turtle dove as the totem, serves as Sima, in charge of miscellaneous affairs. The five pheasants, namely the pheasant of the pheasant totem, the pheasant of the pheasant totem, the pheasant of the pheasant totem, the pheasant of the pheasant totem, the pheasant of the pheasant totem, the pheasant of the parrot totem, and the pheasant of the starling totem, serve as officials in the five types of handicraft management, responsible for manufacturing utensils and utensils, and unified capacity. Jiufeng is the nine types of officials who manage agriculture, and most of the tribal totems are water birds. The Stork Bing is a white stork, the Swallow is a swan, the Swallow is a egret, the Fu Bing is a wild duck, the Swallow is a gull, the Swallow is a wild geese, the Swallow is a bald gull, the Swallow is a mandarin duck, and the Magpie is a magpies. There are no evil people in the Bird Totem clan. The same book also records that Zhong Ni heard about it and saw it from Tan Zi and learned it. Then he told the people: "I heard that 'the emperor lost his official position and learned from the four barbarians', and he still believed it." From this we can see that "China and barbarians share the same style", history has its own origins.

"Egg-generating Myth" is the most magical and profound historical memory of the Yangbird tribe. "Shan Hai Jing·Dahuang Nan Jing": "With a country with feathered people, all the people have feathered feathers. If a country with eggs, all the people have eggs." "Shilismanship Overseas": "In these young wilderness, the phoenix birds sing, and the phoenix birds dance on their own eggs, and the people eat them." The Naxi epic "Genesis" says that during the formation of the universe, an albumin appeared, and a white chicken hatched (En Yu Enman) was born, and it gave birth to nine pairs of albumin, thus becoming the god of heaven, the god of earth, the nine brothers of the heaven, and the seven sisters of the earth. These "egg birth myths" originated from the traditional consciousness of bird worship in ancient ethnic groups and are an important part of bird totem culture.

The Xuanniao is the most famous "egg birth myth" recorded in official history. "Records of the Grand Historian: The Bible Records of Yin" records: "Yin Qi, whose mother was called Jian Di, had a daughter of the Emperor, who was the second concubine of Emperor Ku. Three people bathed in a bath and saw a mysterious bird falling from her egg. Jian Di took it and swallowed it, and gave birth to Qi." Coincidentally, the myth of the merchants and the female ancestors of the Manchu clan in later generations was exactly the same, which was amazing. Chen Mengjia said: "The Yi tribe was originally in the northeast,... Shang and Yi were in the same line, so their legends were the same" (quoted from "Huai Yi Kao"). The cultural relics unearthed in the Shang Dynasty include "Xuanniao Fu Pot", and the inscription on the pot is characterized by the three words "Xuanniao Fu". This pot is beautiful and beautiful, with exquisite shape and exquisite shape. The "Xuanniao Woman" is more aristocratic. As seen in the inscription "Xuanniao Women's Pot", the swallow-like bird that spreads its wings and flies holds "Xuan" in its mouth, which is actually the eggs that nurture life contained in the Xuanbi. The round objects held by the mysterious bird is two, which is consistent with the article "Lüshi Chunqiu" that "the swallow leaves two eggs and flies north." The exquisitely made "Xuanniao Woman Pot" shows that the "Xuanniao Woman" must be a nobleman, which provides physical evidence for the legend of the totem of the totem of the Shang royal family that does have the birds born from the eggs.

"Records of the Grand Historian: The Basic Annals of Qin" says: "The ancestors of Qin were the descendants of Emperor Zhuanxu, and the grandson was called Nu Hui. Nu Hui weaving, the mysterious bird fell eggs, Nu Hui swallowed it, and gave birth to a son. Da Ye's descendants often had bird totem incarnation: Da Fei, also known as Bai Yi, immediately Bo Yi, Yi is Yan; Da Lian, also known as Bird Sushi; Meng Xi and Zhongyan are all "bird body words". The Qin royal family is Shaohao Zhujiu family, with the largest community in the northeast as the totem. The Xu, Ge, Jiang and Huang surnameds in the Spring and Autumn Period are also the Yangbird race. Zhang Hua of the Jin Dynasty quoted "Bowuzhi·Extraordinary News" and said: "The people of Xu Yanwangzhi" said: "The people of Xu Jun's palace were pregnant and gave birth to eggs, which was considered unlucky, so they abandoned them on the waterfront. The only orphan mother had a dog named Cang, who hunted on the waterfront, and got the abandoned eggs and returned to the east. The only orphan mother thought it was strange, so she hatched into a child, and was born in a straight and slanted manner, so she took it as a name. When Xu Jun heard of it, she was even admitted. She was long and kind and wise, and she inherited the king Xu Kingdom. The later swan was dying, and had horns and nine tails, which was actually a yellow dragon." This is exactly the egg birth myth of the Ying royal family of the Xu Kingdom.

The ancient northeastern country also had an myth of egg production."The Monument of Haotai King" records Zhu Meng's birth, saying: "The foundation of the ancestor, King Zou Mou, came from the son of Emperor Tian of Northern Fuyu, and his mother He Bo, who cut off his eggs and descended from him." The book of Wei: Biography of Gojuli, said: "Gajuli, who came from Fuyu, said to his ancestor Zhu Meng. Zhu Meng's mother, was closed in the room for the husband, and was shining by the sun, so he led his body to avoid it. The shadow of the sun was chased away. Then he became pregnant and gave birth to an egg, which was as big as five liters. King Yu abandoned him with a dog, and did not eat him; he abandoned him with a pig, and he was pig. He also did not eat, and abandoned it on the road, and the cattle and horses avoided it; later abandoned it in the wild, and all birds fed it with hair. King Yu cut it and could not break it, so he returned it to his mother. His mother wrapped it with things and placed it in a warm place. There was a man who broke his shell and came out. When he grew up, he was called Zhumeng. "

The egg-birth motto that recurred in the ancient Dongyi tribe mythology is a major feature of the myth of origin of the tribe, which has a profound inner connection with the bird worship and the sun worship of the northern Dongyi people. It can be seen from archaeological unearthed cultural relics and folk culture that the primitive residents in the northern part of the peninsula worship cranes, cuckoos, swallows, pigeons, eagles and other birds. The ancient peninsula birds also named official names after bird names. The southern ethnic groups worship magpies, white chickens (herals), etc. The ancient funerals of Chen and Koreans had the custom of putting birds on wings. The "Hejushi Myth", "Yanzhi Myth", "Relief Myth", etc., which have been passed down from generation to generation, are all myths of the origin of the race based on egg-generating culture as the mother.

Human culture scholars believe that every belief and worship culture has a central concept, which is the core element of the national cultural gene. The origin of the "egg birth myth" was formed under the strong utilitarian purpose of the primitive people. The primary problem faced by primitive people is the formation of all things in the universe, the changes in the surrounding environment, the trade-offs and grasp of their own values ​​and their grasp of their own strength. In the long-term hunting and gathering life, the pioneers of Dongyi observed that birds could lay eggs and hatch birds, so they unconsciously used the principles of analogy and similarity to give this life phenomenon special functions, and then nurture the myth of egg-generating world, egg-generating humans, and egg-generating all things and spread it widely. Undoubtedly, the "egg birth myth" reflects the naive and profound thoughts of primitive humans on the model of the universe and the origin of life. With the transition to a human civilized society, these myths of origin gradually weaken or drift away with the wind. But since it is the initial basic factor of the mysterious oriental culture, it will inevitably leave clear historical traces.

What the prehistoric oriental nations left to future generations is the phoenix totem that shines the world and inspires people to move forward. On the topographic map of Northeast Asia, if you use computer technology to increase sea level by hundreds of meters, you will be surprised to find that the Baitou Mountains, Hamkong Mountains and Taibai Peaks on the coast of the ancient East China Sea together form a huge "phoenix" pattern, which can be regarded as an eternal wonder and "the totem of heaven and earth". The phoenix is ​​a noble, beautiful and auspicious sacred bird, also known as the Vermillion Bird. "The Book of Rites: Li Yun" says: "What are the four spirits, the unicorn, phoenix, turtle and dragon." "Sanfu Huangtu" says: "The blue dragon, white tiger, vermilion bird, and black twilight are the four spirits of the sky, and are directed to the four directions." The phoenix in the lost classics ranks high on the throne of "the eldest of the feather clan" and is known as the "king of the hundred birds". Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty said in "Shuowen": "Phoenix is ​​a divine bird. Tian Lao (the minister of Huangdi) said: "The image of a phoenix is, with a geese in front of a turtle, a fish tail behind a snake's neck, a mandarin duck, a stork's forehead, a mandarin duck's back, a dragon's turtle's back, a swallow's rooster pecking, a five-colored look. Out of the country of Eastern gentlemen, soaring beyond the seas, passing Kunlun, drinking the pillars, and a weak water in Zhai Yu, not staying in the wind cave, and seeing it will bring peace to the world'." The phoenix described by Tian Lao is like a wild goose, and the second half is like a kirin, with a snake's neck, a fish tail, a stork's forehead, a dragon's literary talent, a turtle's back, a swallow's chin, a chicken's mouth..." The Analects of Confucius says: "There are six images of phoenixes: one is the head is like the sky, two is the eyes are like the sun, three is the back is like the moon, four is like the wind, five is like the foot is like the earth, and six is ​​the tail is like the weft. "The Taoist classic "Baopuzi" says that phoenix has five elements: "Wood is benevolent, and is green phoenix, and is green on the head, so it is called benevolent; gold is righteous, and is white phoenix, and is white on the neck, so it is called tassel; fire is ritual, and is red phoenix, and is red on the back, so it is called ritual; water is wise, and is black phoenix, and is black on the chest, so it is called wise; earth is faithful, and is yellow phoenix, and is yellow on the feet, so it is called traits. "The phoenix is ​​the bird of quail fire and the essence of yang."The phoenix culture is full of the Chinese pioneers' admiration for the infinite vitality of nature. It is a symbol of a nation's pursuit of light, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness and loftiness. The phoenix also has the character of "renewal". The phoenix is ​​reborn and reborn. It is said that Yu Shun, one of the "Five Emperors", is a phoenix, and turns into a phoenix bird in the flames.

Ancient myths and legends, the phoenix is ​​the king of birds, and does not live without bamboo. The emperor sees it when he has the way, and if he has no way, he hides it. "The Spring and Autumn Spirit Talisman" says: "If the king is touching the emperor, then the phoenix will arrive. "The "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" records: "The Emperor Huang wore yellow clothes, brought yellow gentry, and wore yellow crowns. He hung out in the hall, and the phoenix came over the sun. Huangdi descended to the east stairs, bowed again to the west, and bowed: "The emperor gave good deeds, and he dared not refuse to accept his fate." ’The phoenix stopped at the Emperor’s East Garden, gathered the sycamore trees, and ate the bamboos, but did not leave without a body." The note of "Poetry: Volume A" quoted "Baihutong": "At the time of Huangdi, the phoenix came across the sun, and there must be many coming. "Taiping Yulan" quotes "Huangdi Xuannv's War Method": "Huangdi and Chiyou fought nine times and were unable to win. Huangdi returned to Taishan, three days and three nights, and the fog was in the dark. There was a woman with a human head and a bird shape. Huangdi bowed her head and bowed again, but she didn't dare to rise up. The woman said: I am a mysterious girl, what do you want to do? Huangdi said: I want to win thousands of battles. He has obtained the tactics of war. "The Majesty of Li Dou": "The king rides on the land and the king, and his politics is peaceful, and the phoenix gathers in the garden forest. "Shangshu·Kao Lingyao": "The rule of the Ming king was brought down by the phoenix. "The West Classic of the Sea" reveals: "There are phoenixes and phoenixes in the west of Kaiming, all wearing snakes and purses, and red snakes are on their chests. "The phoenix and phoenix birds both wear shield-shaped crowns on their heads. The totem wall of the Naxi tribe in Yunnan folk village is painted with a quintet crown on the head, phoenix wings and phoenix feathers and eagle claws on the head, and the face is majestic. The king and the two birds beside each hold snakes in their mouths, and the left and right are eagle guards. The heads and snakes on the bottom are elephants. From the long feathers marked on the end of the wings, we know that this is a green phoenix totem, and the totem images of holding snakes and sucking snakes should be the Blue Bird Lord. Based on these information from ancient times, the Shaohaoyang bird group headed by the "phoenix bird" once formed an alliance with the Xuanyuan Zhuanxu group. After the sudden change of Gonggong Shui destroyed Wandu Kongsang, the Fengniao clan and the Blue Bird family settled in Kunlun Ruins in the northwest "Emperor's Lower Capital" were once the "God of Snakes" and were responsible for supervising the snake totem tribe to control floods. In the story of "Yugong Moves Mountain", the god of snakes is destined to praise the two sons of the snakes. The ancient bird tribe recorded by the ancestors of the Chinese who split the mountains and drained the mountains and blocked the mountains.

Shaohaoyang bird tribe, flapping its wings and covering the four seas, creating glory in the name of the Sun God! The ancient bird totem tribe recorded in "Shan Hai Jing" and ancient Chinese books and lost articles are spread throughout the northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest of China, and even to North America and Southeast Asia, and are spread far and wide. It is the ancient nation with the widest distribution of the Five Emperors of China. According to detailed examination of the lost texts of the classics, the Hongshan culture of Zhuanxu's "Xiadu" was taken as the time and space node, and about 5485±110 years ago, a battle between Gonggong and Zhuanxu for the emperor broke out. "Liezi Tang Wenpian": "The Gonggong clan and Zhuanxu fought for emperor, and they were angry and touched the mountain of Buzhou, breaking the pillar of heaven, and the earth was dying; therefore, the sky was tilted northwest, and the sun, moon, and the stars moved; the earth was not in the southeast, so the rivers and water returned to the rivers. "The Gonggong caused water damage, so Zhuanxu killed it. "Here, there is a historical tragedy that has been buried for thousands of years and is difficult for people to accept at that time. "Huainanzi Chu Zhenxu": "The capital of Liyang became a lake overnight. The courageous and powerful saints and timids and those who are timid will be together. On Wushan, arson fires with the wind, and both Xia Zizhi and Xiao Ai died. "Lunheng·Mystery": "In the capital of Liyang, both men and women die." The ancients said that "phoenix nirvana" and the cuckoo were "Youtan treasure tree", which was not just myths and legends, but rather, the calamity of Liyang, water and fire, the collapse of the six sects of heaven and earth, and the elites of the country of adults were in trouble. The battle between Zhuanxu and Gonggong recorded in ancient books, like the battle between Yanhuang and Chiyou 6,500 years ago, caused the thousand-year history of the ancient Dongyi Kingdom. In the prehistoric period, various blood clans The wars among the groups were extremely fierce. The lost classics described their tragic scenes: "Blood accumulates into abyss, bones gather like mountains", "blood flows and pestles", "blood rains for three dynasties"... The direct consequences have led to a sharp decline in the population of ancient tribes. In addition, natural environmental disasters have caused the shrinking of the habitat of ancient tribes and the destruction of the living environment, and "restoring and recuperation" has become the first need of ancient humans, which has led to the myths of "Nuwa repairing the sky" and "Nuwa creates humans".According to the scientific research results of modern geography, sea-soaking disaster science, volcanic disaster disciplines, and reference to the comprehensive study of classics such as "Shan Hai Jing" and other classics, it is still unknown whether it is related to the pouring of high mountain lakes and sea water into empty mulberry, causing severe natural environment disasters after the Gonggong family flooded the "empty mulberry" for more than a hundred years after the Gonggong family flooded the "empty mulberry" and caused severe natural environment disasters. However, the ancient tribe of Shaohao Dongyi moved eastward, and erected "24 stone-yang birds spreading their wings totem poles" in Tumen (2), Dunhua (4), Ning'an (2), and North Hamkyung Road (3), as well as a large number of ancient city ruins in the Jingbo Lake area, leaving traces of that tragic journey.

Dongyiyang bird tribe migrated to the west on a large scale during the Zhuanxu era, and also left clear historical information in the lost texts of later classics. "Yi Zhou Shu·Wang Huijie" records: The ancient Chinese tribes who participated in the Qiyang League of Zhou Chengwang, "Di Qiang is a phoenix bird", "Shu people are a literary man, and the literary man is like Gao Ji". There are "Barbarian Yang Zhizhu" and "Dai Zhu", all of which are Shaohao Zhuzhu and its marriage tribe. "Bing" is connected to "Bing". "天" is a type of falcon. It is a yellow eagle domesticated by grassland people. Its mouth is curved, sharp claws, light and good at flying, and prey on small animals, birds and fish. The Uyghur ancestor "Uighurs" was also known as "Hui Yu", and the ancient clan totem was the clan name. The "Turkish Dictionary" records that the Uighur soldiers "the two wings of the helmet they wore are like the two wings of an eagle", which are all manifestations of the Hui people's respect for birds. In ancient times, the Turks worshiped the god wolf and many birds. The Biography of Ugus Khan records the 24 clans of Ugus philosophers, and 20 of them use birds as their totems. Dingling was also considered "王" or "Di" during the Shang and Zhou dynasties of the Central Plains. "Shangshu Yu Gong" says: "Yu Bi and Xia Di." There are differences between Chi Di and Bai Di in historical books. "Di" is the word "王", and the word "王" here should refer to the clan of marriage with the Indo-European White Turks or Eastern Iranian languages. The phenomenon of bird worshipping totem alienation in the Altai Grassland tribe reveals that the Yangniao clan that migrated to the west once married to the Indo-European white race. For example, the Uyghur worship of swans, swallows, owls and other birds should be a cultural phenomenon from the totem worship of the marriage clan. In addition, the Totem images of the Beast Family, the Totem of the Shaohaoyang bird tribe are in charge of military affairs, the Totem of the "training birds and beasts" are specialized in the criminal law, the Totem of the "sense of the Nanshan Jing" and the Totem of the Fu Bing, the Totem of the Fu Bing, the Horn Bing, and the Totem of the Lu Feng Bing, the Horn Bing, and the Totem of the Lu Feng Bing, the Totem of the Book of Songs. The Bo Zhao family of Shaohao's "Five Phoenix Clan" who uses cuckoo as the tribal totem appeared in Bashu, which is known in history as the "cuckoo's perpetual calendar". The Bluebird family of the peacock totem migrated to the west to establish the Fang Kingdom. Wang Huijie said that "the Fang people are the Kong birds", and their descendants are the Naxi tribes in Yunnan. The Fengniao family, who inherited the official of Si Tianli for generations, appeared in Kunlun Hill and Beiwei Taiyi Temple. "Lüshi Chunqiu·Ancient Music" records: Emperor Ku "was ordered the phoenix and the sky to dance." This passage of literature and history shows that since the age of Emperor Ku, the Fengniao and the Zodiac were the "Beiwei" worshiping witch clan.

From the primitive chief society to the unified feudal dynasty of the Central Plains, the Yangniao tribe has written a series of gorgeous historical chapters - the Xuanniao clan has developed Shang, the Bijiu clan has developed Zhou, the Fujiu clan has developed Shu, and the Bijiu clan has developed Qin. The Qin Dynasty "mastered the god of Shaohao, worshipped the White Emperor", annexed Liuhe, and unified China. The famous historian Mr. Tian Changwu said: "Those who founded their country after Shaohao were brilliant." Historically, most of the ethnic minorities in the Changbai Mountain area were from Shaohao Gaoyang marriage ethnic groups, and they also wrote a brilliant historical chapter that shines for the ages. In his book "The Origins of the Clans of Northern China", the famous historian Dr. Zhu Xueyuan said that the Clans of Northern China left the Central Plains. The Shang Dynasty revolutionized the Xia Dynasty, the Yin Dynasty ruled in the Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period were unrighteous, and the Warring States Period was disputed. According to historical records, there are 3,000 countries in the early Yin Dynasty, more than 170 countries in the early Zhou Dynasty, and only 7 countries remain in the Central Plains in the late Warring States Period. The King of Qin swept Liuhe, and the death toll in the six countries reached 60-80%. Under this cruel annexation war, it is normal for the royal family of the Central Plains who adhere to tradition and indomitable to move to all corners. Most of the ethnic minorities in modern China were the royal families of the Central Plains in the past.Sanmiao and Jiuli are the orthodox dragon clan of Chiyou, the Xiongnu and Xianbei are both called Huangdi clans, the Fuyu royal clan in the north calls themselves "dead people", the "Juli Yi barbarians" live in Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula, and the worship of dragons and phoenixes by the Manchu tribes in later generations, which may be reasonable evidence. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Central Plains of Shaohao Xuanming clan destroyed the royal family and mostly migrated to Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula, which was known as "六". "难", written in "Ciyuan": "a general term for short-tailed birds." Later, it evolved into the "Jiashi" with its beautiful meaning. The author examines in detail that the Manchu surnames recorded in "Huanglang Tongzhi·Clans" include 646 Manchu surnames and records that among the 22 surnames in the external genealogy, there are 232 Chinese characters, among which more than 80 are directly added to the Chinese surnames with "Jiashi". For example, Yu Jia, Tao Jia, Tian Jia, Chen Jia, Fu Jia, Gao Jia, Ma Jia, Guarjia, etc. Many of these ancient tribes of the "Jia Family" once lived in the coastal areas of Douman River, Puwu River and Wumin River, that is, the place where Beiwoju and Sushen ethnic groups border and live in mixed areas, also known as the East China Sea Jurchen or the East China Sea Woji tribe. This is also the birthplace of the flying shamanism, and the epic myth of the creation of the goddess from generation to generation. The "Fenghuang" ethnic group that returned to the Eastern China has been king of Korea, Juliyi, Yu Lou, Jurchen, Jianzhou Jurchen, and Manchu. Man originated from Chen Hu Gong Man, the oldest Manchu surname - Aiman, the Jurchen old surname "Anman", and the Chinese translation "Fan Wang from the South". "Manchu Old Archives" and many Manchu genealogies record "Buddhist Manchu" or "Chen Manchu". Based on the ancient clan surnames and cultural heritage, it can be inferred that Manchuria and its ancestors Jurchen royal family belong to Shaohao Gaoyang marriage group. This can explain why the Jurchens suddenly rose and destroyed the Great Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty to establish the Jin Kingdom, and the mystery of the Northeast ethnic history of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty did not recognize Manchu as the Zhushen (Sushen) clan.

The traditional Chinese culture derived from the integration of Dongyi Tai Chi Yangbird Culture and the primitive shamanism in the north for thousands of years was carried forward in the multi-ethnic harmonious Qing Dynasty. This is the greatest contribution made by the Manchus to the Chinese nation. Some scholars have studied and analyzed the banners, crowns, clothes, rituals and sacrifices, and palace architecture in the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. From this, we can clearly see that the Manchus and their ancestors inherited the true meaning of the ancient Dongyi Tai Chi Yang Bird culture. The emperor of the Jin Kingdom sacrificed the Emperor Haotian on the winter solstice, and sacrificed the Emperor of the Emperor on the summer solstice, and worshiped the sun, moon, stars and the five directions of emperors. He also sacrificed the Emperor Qing, Fuxi, Nuwa, Huang'e, and Jiandi with "Shenhua". The birth of Jurchens went to war with the seven stars and twenty-eight constellations as their banners. The "Starting Dragon" embroidered by the Manchurian Triangle Military Flag is the pioneer flag of Taiyi God in ancient times, and it boasts the vibrant and prosperous dragon spirit. The Eight Banners of Manchuria are based on yellow, white, red and blue (Xuan) as their banners, and the "Five Elements" lack "green", which is precisely because the Jurchens respect the East and worship the Qing Emperor and Fuxi. The Later Jin and Qing dynasties both used phoenixes as auspiciousness. The highest buildings in the palace were "Phoenix Tower" and "Five Phoenix Tower". The Nurhaci sword head pattern and the relief of the pine flower inkstone used by Kangxi are both "opposite double winds". The customs of worshiping heaven and worshiping ancestors in the Qing Dynasty are the replicas of the "Wanqiu Way", "Bo Yi", "Feedle of the heroine" in the Spring and Autumn Period; the "Flower Feather" of officials in the Qing Dynasty are the standard shape of Tianqi Sang Zhoutian. The top east beads and flower feathers are combined into a sun bird. The 9 East beads on the crown of Kangxi and Qianlong symbolize the supreme authority of the gathering of mulberry on the 9th; the totem costumes of officials at all levels and the palace Longqing dance and Yangliu dance are similar to those described by Emperor Shun and Kui in "Xia Shu Yi Ji", but are different from the costumes and court dances of officials in the Central Plains... Jin Xizong moved the capital to build Yanjing City. In the Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties, the burned Ming Dynasty imperial palace was rebuilt, the three main halls of Beijing City and Forbidden City designed and built with the connotation of Chinese traditional culture, the Temple of Heaven, the Imperial Void, and the Great Sacrifice Hall rebuilt in the southeast "Yangtian Bingfang", and the Shenyang Palace, which "Bagua-made Shengjing", showed the supreme realm of Eastern civilization everywhere. The Manchus and their ancestors sacrificed the "Soro pole", which is the sky pole of the four Solo nets. The knots of the descendants originated from the Wanwu and the other, and are all continuations of the ancient Dongyi Jingsang culture. The devout prayer calling for "Hao Cang" by worshiping the Tianyuan Palace and the Kunning Palace, and the symphony of the sound of nature like the roar of the phoenix and the roar of the dragon. This cultural gene inheritance that spans thousands of years of history is the spiritual origin of the Manchu "Great China" glorify the ancestors.

The ancient Chinese Yangbird Totem tribe is a prehistoric oriental tribe who is good at creating, pioneering and enterprising. Shaohao fully inherited Taihao's sun culture and incorporated the sun's soul into his flying body. "Erya Shitian" says: "The sun is named Yaoling, one is Zhu Ming, one is Dongjun, and one is Daming, and also known as Yangniao." "The sun is the master of yang" and "the feathers are flying, so they belong to yang." Looking at the evolutionary process of the development of shaman culture in the north, the ideas and images of Yangniao culture are permeated everywhere. The shaman is a shaman who is a consecrated eagle, whose soul flies freely with the wings of the eagle and the soul world. The shamans of the Man-Tungus tribe are generally decorated with bird feathers or carefully embroidered with various colorful cloth pieces like shamanic robes, which are stacked with feathers. When they fly, they are like an eagle spreading its wings. It shows the world that the eagle is the elf that soars into the sky, is a symbol of indomitableness, and is the soul of the Eastern nation. The difference between the eagle and the ordinary bird is its lofty vision and perseverance. They are also returning to the integration of the Chinese nation, and they always return triumphantly as winners! Looking through the history of China, whether it is the ancient nations of the East and Northeast Yi, they all agree that "China" is the truth. The phoenix sings in the nine gourds, and the dragon travels all over the world. Whether it is the Han or ethnic minorities, most of the birds in Dongyiyang live in the warm big families in China. Therefore, only by understanding the Tai Chi Yangbird culture of the ancient Dongyi people and its historical origins can we deepen our understanding and perception of Chinese traditional culture, and thus enhance the Chinese nation's sense of historical responsibility to carry forward the past and keep pace with the times.

Based on the research results and hypotheses of multidisciplinary system integration, it analyzes the historic changes in prehistoric civilization in China.

my country's Quaternary geology and environmental geology research results show that the warmth period of the Holocene around 8500 to 3000 years ago is the most important stage in the development of ancient Neolithic human civilization. However, this period also saw periods of severe climate fluctuations. Among them, the "Little Ice Period" cooling event between 4800 and 4200 years ago has a huge impact. Academician Liu Dongsheng and others used high-resolution analysis (10-100-year time scale) to study the Holocene's paleoenvironment, which proposed that there was a cooling event between 4800-4200 years ago, and severe climate abnormalities led to changes in ancient culture. He believes that the sudden decline of Hongshan culture in the prosperous areas of Mongolia, Liao and Hebei and the trough of the development of Xiaoheyan culture may be related to this cooling event, and the existence of cooling time should also be constrained. The author believes that the Baitou Mountain volcanic eruption instantly ejected a super energy flow into the same temperature strata, and its strong arrows made the local space distort the earth, causing the rotation axis to shift to bring volcanic heat and the subsequent "little ice age" to East Asia. It was the harsh natural environment disaster during this period that forced the Dongyi people to choose large-scale and long-distance migration, which is also the fundamental reason for the spread of the ancient Chinese civilization and the entire northern hemisphere.

"Huainanzi·Astronomy" records: "Taibai Yuanshi was established in the first month of the Yin Dynasty." China's first astronomical calendar is called "Taibai Calendar", which is named after the Guanxiang Ji Calendar, which is now Changbai Mountain in the northeast. The so-called "Maya Year 0" is like the oldest "Taibai Calendar" in China, which only refers to the beginning of the calendar system. "The Book of Songs·Shang Song·Chang Hair" records: "The land of the universe is fierce, and there are intercepts overseas." "Seal" means "nine-level differential cross-top tower to the sky", which originates from the shape of the sang and wrinkle, and is covered with a distinct Chinese seal. The author believes that the third generation ancestor of the merchant Xiangtu led his tribe to travel far to the Eastern continent, crossed the Bering Strait, and established a prehistoric American continent. In the 3rd thousand BC, the first tower of the Americas was completed and held the ceremony for worshiping heaven, which was the chronicle of the ancestors of the "Yin" land in the Americas. This shows that the pioneers of the Changbai Mountain area have begun to migrate during the precursor period of the volcanic earthquake, and safe transfer through the Black Tide Current in the Western Pacific or the long-distance crossing the sea across the island is undoubtedly a grand and time-consuming project. However, in terms of the cause and effect of things and order, the prehistoric ancestors of the Eastern Yi pioneers migrated to the Americas to open up borders and regions and promulgated the first year of the calendar (and the "Two Rivers" civilization that appeared at the same time) would inevitably be later than the day when the main volcano of Baitou Mountain erupted. According to historical records, the pioneers of the Chinese nation did indeed include the "Ku Sang Kingdom" in the "World Map" and also recorded the geographical and geomorphology of the New World in the "Shan Hai Jing".The "Dongshan Jing" records four mountain rows, with the first 12 mountains, 3,600 miles, the second 17 mountains, 6,640 miles, the third 9 mountains, 6,900 miles, the fourth 8 mountains, 1,723 miles, a total of 46 mountains, and the journey is 18,860 miles. American scholar Dr. Henriet Metz specializes in studying the ancient Chinese book "Shan Hai Jing". According to the investigation, the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada Mountains, Kescette Mountains, and the Pacific coast of the coastal mountains in central and western United States were found, which is exactly consistent with the direction of the four mountain ranges recorded in "East Mountain Jing". She wrote the results of this investigation into a book titled "PALE INK" and translated in Chinese as "Failed Ink Trace". Dr. Motz wrote at the back of the book: "For the fearless Chinese who had already walked on the snow-capped tops and steep peaks four thousand years ago, we must first worship and bow and pay tribute to them."

The historic inference of the long-distance migration of the ancient Dongyi tribe has been verified by archaeological anthropology. From the 1950s to the 1970s, 8 skulls of the tombs of the Shang royal family were unearthed from Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan. Characteristics of the entire group of skulls: relatively thick, with a lower skull, a very wide face, a more oblique forehead, and a higher nose root. According to a report by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the characteristics of these characteristics are similar to those of similar physical characteristics on the skulls of some typical Mongolian races in North Asia and the Arctic, but are quite different from those of prehistoric North China. Comparison using the "average group difference root mean square method", it was found that these skulls were close to the Neolithic Formation in Lake Baikal and the Western Buryat Formation. This area is located in the eastern section of the Eurasian prairie and the upper reaches of the Yenisei River. It is now part of the Buryat Republic of Russia. This place is not only one of the few areas that are more suitable for humans to live in high latitudes in North Asia, but also an important birthplace of bronze civilization in the Asian and European prairie. From 1200 to 700 BC, many bronze relics that are the same or similar to those in the Shang Dynasty were unearthed. These all indicate that the merchant tribe belonging to the Dongyi Shaohao tribe once lived in North Asia for a long time. The huge armed caravan of the Xuanniao clan during the Past Duke period should be one of the pioneers of the Asia-European (colored pottery) Silk Road. Wang Hai of Shang first used specialty precious shells as commodity circulating currency, so it is called "merchant". In addition, the facial features of the Asian and European white-colored bronze masks unearthed from Sanxingdui and their cultural relics have been verified, revealing that these bronze sacrificial ritual vessels come from the Lutai Temple of the Shang Dynasty. Although the ancients represented by these masks all have the facial features of the Asian and European white-colored ones, the totem bloodline and the ancestral root culture passed down from generation to generation. This may be a fundamental reason why domestic and foreign scholars are struggling to resolve the origin of ancient Chinese civilization, especially the origin of the Shang Dynasty, caused by the dual opposition of Xiaotun culture and Yangshao culture archaeology.

wanders in the same historical time and space. The Yangniao tribe and Qiang tribe in the west either migrate to the grasslands of the Western Regions or enter Shu along the "Hengduan Mountain Ethnic Corridor". The fourth-generation grandson of Zhuanxu and the chief of Daxia led Lu Zhong and led the six Xuanyuan tribes to be far away from Altai (the Yin of Kunlun), living in the Yili River, Amu River, Sir River, and Yenisei River basins. They once married the Indo-European white ghost Fang family. The remaining citizens of Chiyou, Sanmiao, Jiuli migrated south of the Yangtze River, creating a new era of Liangzhu civilization. The Chinese clans who traveled far away from Central and Western Asia along the Asian and European grasslands and the Iranian desert and married to the Eastern Iranian language ethnic groups passed on the torch of civilization to Mesopotamia, the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean coastal areas. The "Maya Year 0" calculated by foreign experts is concentrated in the "Window of Historical Times" between 5,300 and 5,000 years of Sumerian civilization, Liangzhu civilization, early Minushinsk civilization, and the Hemudu civilization that lasted for more than 2,000 years, and the late Yangshao culture civilization, all of which are concentrated in the "window of historical time" between 5,300 and 5,000 years ago. These forms of prehistoric civilizations of different places and the high probability of the same period, that is, the great eruption of the Changbai Mountain volcano during the global seawater recovery period, resulting in an existential crisis, forcing the ancient Chinese people to migrate on a large scale away from the "biological extinction circle", and then spread the mysterious ancient Chinese civilization from afar to foreign lands.The theocracy, sacrificial witchcraft, solar calendar, geometric mathematics, hieroglyphics, slow-wheel pottery, gold and silver processing, and the magnificent building of the square cone-stage tower of the "Pythagorean Method" appeared in West Asia and Central America in the east and west halves at the same time, creating a dazzling and brilliant miracle of ancient civilization in the world. This is undoubtedly a major topic worthy of research in the historical community at home and abroad.

On the contrary, regional climate warming and changes in the natural environment are also the most important reasons for the return of the ancient Chinese people. "The warm period is a perfect incubator for the expansion of civilizations," said Dr. Alex Chepstow Rasti, a French paleoecologist. In 4200 years, the climate in East Asia began to warm. In addition, the rise of the Assyrian Empire in West Asia captured city-states everywhere, causing the Chinese blood-related tribes who were migrating from foreign lands to choose to "return", and ran to China's homeland that spread thousands of kilometers along the "deer stone" belt that spreads thousands of kilometers along the Asian and European grasslands, rebuilding the Chinese chief society, and once again igniting the spark of Chinese civilization. From Mesopotamia, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea coast to the vast desert grasslands of Central Asia and Mongolia, the magnificent "deer stones" standing in the east have witnessed and witnessed the eternal Chinese legend of "walk once in a thousand years". The group of Chemurchek tombs discovered by archaeologists in the depths of the wasteland has 5. The stone man stands on the east side of the tomb, from south to north, lined up in a row. The stone man in the middle holds his hands in front of his chest. It can be vaguely identified that his right hand is holding a sickle. On his left is a female stone man (the other stone man has beards on their lips, but this one does not). The relics appear in the remains, which indicates that it is an ancient farming ethnic tomb. It is verified that this remains belong to the category of Karasuk culture, at least a thousand years earlier than the Sui and Tang dynasties when the Turks lived, so they could not be the remains of the Turkic stone people in the later period. A female corpse unearthed from the "Xiaohe Cemetery" in the Rob Desert in western China is called "Xiaohe Princess" by the archaeological community. This woman who has been sleeping for 3,800 years is wearing a waistcoat, cowhide boots, and a feather is inserted diagonally on the wool felt hat. Her thin lips are pursed and her jade teeth are slightly exposed, as if she shows a mysterious smile... Some people also call her "Smiling Princess". According to physical anthropological analysis, this female corpse has a high frontal bone, deep eye sockets, pointed nose, thin and slender lips, and brown fur... has typical characteristics of the Europa race. Researchers from Jilin University, Fudan University, and Pennsylvania University in the United States have revealed through molecular archaeological research that the "Little River Princess" is not the single Europa race that many experts have previously called it, and they are more genetically inclined to East Asian races. Domestic experts and scholars such as Zhou Hui, professor at the School of Life Sciences of Jilin University, participated in the excavation and sampling of ancient corpses in Xiaohe Cemetery, and brought about 80 samples back to the laboratory for DNA identification. Zhou Hui said: "A common view in the academic world is that in the Bronze Age 4,000 years ago, Europa people arrived there, and Oriental people arrived there after the Han Dynasty. But we have done genetic research and found that these people have obvious oriental genealogy, which accounted for about 71% of the ancient corpses in the early Xiaohe cemeteries." Zhou Hui's student Li Chunxiang said, "To be precise, the origin of this oriental genealogy is within a wide range from northern China to Lake Baikal." Scientists speculate that the early Xiaohe people are likely to have a close relationship with the people in the Bronze Age of Southern Siberia. The mix may initially occur in a certain area of ​​Southern Siberia, where Asians moving west meet and Europeans moving east meet and intermarry with them. In 1980, a female mummy unearthed by a Xinjiang archaeological team in China was unearthed in the Tieban River area of ​​the lower reaches of the Peacock River. It is known as the "Loulan Beauty". From its outfit to its appearance, it is exactly the same as the "Little River Princess". According to archaeologist Zhu Hong, the "Loulan beauty" in her 3,800s obviously did not belong to the late Loulan people, but was a neighbor of the same period as the "Little River Princess". According to this new major scientific research result in the archaeological circles at home and abroad, the famous "Loulan Beauty" should also belong to Asian and European mixed races.

From 2200 BC to 2000 BC, after the huge changes in the Changbai Mountain super volcanic changes, the thousand-year-old volcanic heat and abnormal cooling, the Chinese tribes who moved out of foreign lands returned to China, and the Chinese chief society, which had a "million-year history of succession", entered the Yao, Shun and Yu era that finally defeated the flood. The "Taosi" site is an archaeological proof of Chinese civilization in this historical period. "Shan Hai Jing" is an ancient book that records the geographical and humanistic appearance of China. It also condenses the disasters caused by the volcanic catastrophe into a written description. Among them, the four "Shan Jing" written by the ritual officials of Yao and Shun, Bo Yi, recorded 250 mountain accents, and 74 "without grass and trees", which was close to 1/3; in the "Shan Jing" of Dayu's era, there were 197 mountain accents (reduced the three islands of Japan and the American mountains), and 18 "without grass and trees" mountains, which were less than 1/10, which showed the grand achievements of the Chinese ancestors changing the world. In the five "Shan Jing", there are many "golden and jade" mountains exposed after the hurricane and tsunami, which also shows that the dual natural environmental disasters caused by sea soaking and volcano have not been completely restored after a thousand years. This verifies from another level the degree of deterioration of the Changbai Mountain super volcano causing the natural ecological environment. On the other hand, the exposed mineral deposits caused by volcanic disasters provided a large number of natural rare resources and production tools such as gold, jade, copper, crystal, obsidian (volcanic glass), and directly promoted metal smelting and carving and processing of bronze gold, silver and jade, and brought human society into the glorious era of bronze civilization.

Volcano is the greatest and most spectacular phenomenon in nature. The huge heat energy inside the earth was released through volcanoes, saving the ice-covered earth from the claws of death 630 million years ago, becoming the driving force for nurturing the light of life in the universe. Located in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, the Renge Volcano ("sacred mountain" in Marseille) is the only active volcano in the world that erupts carbonate rocks. The Qihuiluo grassland formed by the surrounding fertile volcanic ash soil. The flowers are in full bloom, colorful, and diverse biological species are diverse. It is known as the "God's Garden". It can be seen that as a window to the hot center of the earth, volcano releases energy, and after cooling, it is treasure, becoming another gift from nature to mankind. The active eruption of the super volcano destroyed all living things and created the future of mankind - vast plains, fertile soil, and coal and oil buried underground. The main causes are all attributed to the "super volcano eruption theory". Human has moved production methods and productivity to a new level from relying solely on low-lying areas after the flooding of rivers to cultivate plains and basins formed by fertile volcanic soil. The mysterious and magical "Five Elements" theory of the Chinese believes that water produces wood, wood produces fire, fire produces earth... Water and fire are originally ruthless things, which turn into fertile mud to protect flowers. When modern people use the solar energy condensed by ancient biomass to light up cities, villages, and light up the light of modern social civilization, and strive to create a new historical era, we should also have a balanced attitude of gratitude in addition to awe of volcanoes. There is no doubt that supervolcano combines destruction and creation, which not only causes huge disasters to the ecological environment, but also creates new life and prosperity in nature and human society.

How did the ancient Dongyi tribe migrate to the American continent?

There is a detailed description of the Northern Lights in "Shan Hai Jing". "Northern Classic of Overseas": "The god of Zhongshan is called Zhuyin, which is regarded as day, night, blowing as winter, and breathing as summer. Do not drink, eat, and stopping, and breathing as wind. The body is long thousands of miles." "Northern Classic of Dahuang": "Beyond the Northwest Sea, north of the Chishui River, there is Zhangwei Mountain. There is a god. The man has a face and snake body with red body, and his eyes are straight and straight. His tranquility is dark, and his vision is bright. He does not eat or sleep, and the wind and rain are exhausted. This is the nine yin of Zhuyin, which is called Zhulong." It means that Zhulong is a red giant snake. It does not eat or drink or breathe. It stands in the clouds all day long. When it opens its eyes, the dark night in the north is illuminated, and when it closes its eyes, the sky is unclear. Some scholars believe that "Zuanlong" exists in the Arctic region. It does not refer to any specific animal, but to the light of the North Pole. The chapters on the terrain of "Huainanzi" and "Lüshi Chunqiu. Youshi Lan" also have descriptions of the Arctic.Mr. Lu Simian's "History of Pre-Qin": "There are many mammoth ivory tools among the bone tools of Shang and Zhou dynasties, and this object comes from Siberia. The bronze tools of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in my country are mostly similar to Siberia and Karasuk grassland cultures." From the perspective of archaeological excavations, the residents of our country's ancient times had already entered the region north of Siberia at least in the early Neolithic Age, and crossed the Bering Strait and entered the Americas. The myths and legends about "Zhulong" should be the real record of this itinerary, but the vocabulary of human beings at that time was limited, and the expression of words could not be very clear.
"Shan Hai Jing" still remembers the names of the leading figures of the northbound army. "The Great Wilderness Northern Classic" records: "In the Great Wilderness, there is a mountain called the North Pole Heavenly Cave, and the sea water flows northward. There is a god, with nine heads, a human face and bird body, called nine phoenixes. There is also a god, holding a snake and holding a snake, with its head and human body, with four hooves and long elbows, called Qiangliang." It is worth noting that the "qiangliang" recorded in the "Shan Hai Jing" is also vaguely visible in ancient Indian mythology. Among the most respected older generation gods of the Indians were three, one of which was named "Woragang". It is very similar to "Qiangliang" in terms of pronunciation and age. It is both the two oldest gods and both live on both sides of the Bering Strait. There should be some origin between these two names. Many primitive tribes in the Americas use various types of birds as their totems, which is also an important clue. Because totem is fundamentally the symbol of primitive humans' recognition of their ancestors. A nation that does not belong to the Yangniao tribe will not worship the totem of the Yangniao tribe. Geographically, in the north of the East Asian continent, the seawater can only "come north" when it reaches the coast of Okhotsk at least. "Phoenix Bird" and "Dragon and Snake" are both totem symbols of the ancient tribe of Dongyi tribe. As mentioned earlier, all primitive humans in the Northeast migrated from North China at different times in the past. Therefore, the tribal leaders there had a name called "Qiangliang". "Qianliang" is the leader of the Shennong tribe's army heading north. Archaeology has discovered pottery fragments 11,500 years ago in Manzhouli, north of 50 degrees north latitude. The pottery slices are very similar to pottery in the Central Plains. This shows that North China people once continued to move towards the Northeast region, starting hundreds of thousands of years ago, and became more active in the Shennong era. Due to the influence of farming culture in North China, the pace of human advancement to the north has greatly accelerated; at this point, the most convincing evidence is the prehistoric archaeological discoveries of the American Indians. At present, experts and scholars agree that the Indians on the American continent entered the Americas through the Bering Strait about 13,000 to 12,000 years ago, and they belong to the Eastern Mongol race.
The Bering Strait is the only way for ancient humans to hike into the Americas. The current sea water depth of the Bering Strait is 42 meters, and it once became a dry land bridge many times during the ice age 12,000 years ago. But since 12,000 years ago, it has become the current situation and a natural barrier that ancient humans cannot overcome. This sets a reliable timetable for humans to enter the Americas. Before this, Orientals had entered the Americas as early as 40,000 years ago, and then continued to enter the Americas in batches. Generally speaking, as long as there is a major cultural progress in North China, a group of newcomers will be pushed into the Americas. 13,000 to 11,000 years ago, the "big beast hunter" culture appeared in Central America. This culture should have been created by nomadic peoples who arrived in the Americas earlier. However, 11,000-8,000 years ago, this culture suddenly changed; it was replaced by another fine stone cultural tradition that was consistent with similar products of East and Northeast Asia. This shows that during this period, a group of new people came into the American continent, and they had a new cultural awareness. About 8,000 years ago, the earliest agriculture appeared in Central America. From a time perspective, the "Beast Hunter" culture should be replaced by agriculturally conscious people, and these people can only come from the Bering Strait. They moved south from the Bering Strait and gradually developed from the first "compulsory tribes". When they moved south to Central America to form a climate, it took about 2-3 thousand years, and then replaced the "big beast hunter" culture and carried out agricultural development in a timely manner. The time when farming culture appeared in Central America was the time and population growth time that the Orientals who crossed the Bering Strait 12,000 years ago had to spend southward to Central America.Since then, agriculture has not developed in the Americas as scheduled; either because the hunting economy is more reliable and convenient, because seed cultivation takes time, or because people who arrive in the Americas are too primitive in their agricultural awareness. There may be other reasons.
Can Americans invent agriculture independently? Although accidental factors cannot be denied, the possibility no longer exists, because before the emergence of agriculture in the Americas, land bridge relations had been established between the Americas and East Asia. The Oceania island countries, Japan and Australia, which are also isolated from the world, also have agriculture after first contact with the outside world. Australians tell us very honestly that the reason they farmed was taught by those from afar. It can be seen that agriculture cannot be taught or taught. The intellectual level of Australians and Americans is roughly the same, and the historical age of human activities is also generally the same; the difference between the two places is that they have first and later connections with the outside world, and the emergence of agricultural culture in the two places is later than the establishment of their connections with the outside world, which proves the dissemination of culture. Communication does not exclude re-creation and re-development. After agriculture was spread to the Americas, people there took the lead in cultivating and spreading corn crops; therefore American Indians worshipped the goddess of corn, but the American nations did not have the great gods who invented agriculture. It seems that our ancestors have long been clear about what they are about and what they are about others, and there is no need for us to argue today. If the Bering Strait blocked the access between Asia and the Americas at 12,000 years, then the last group of people entering the Americas must enter the Americas 12,000 years ago. If people who entered America 12,000 years ago had already developed a sense of farming, then people on both sides of the Bering Strait should have this consciousness at that time. At that time, people on both sides of the Bering Strait were from North China and Northeast China, and legend has also made it clear that the northbound tribes use phoenix birds as their totem. Therefore, it is proved that the Dongyi people should have a farming awareness one step earlier than the Americans.

Also, clear answers can be found in archaeology and historical documents of the ancient Dongyi tribe of the Yin and Shang dynasties -

The descendants of the ancient tribe of the Dongyi tribe of the Yin and Shang dynasties moved eastward, which was also a great national migration that shocked the past and present. Most of the bird totem people in ancient China lived in coastal rivers and rivers, and boat building and ferrying were their ability to make a living. Merchants can build sea ships and position them with Xuanji to sail far away from Malay islands and catch large sea turtles and whales. Ships can reach Yindu directly along the inland waterway. However, for more than 100,000 people and essential daily necessities, even the largest fleet is limited in loading. The Yin people could cut all the bamboos and weave bamboo rafts across the Bohai Bay, but they could not venture across the ocean with bamboo rafts. Even if the sea boats were sailing into the North Pacific current, they would not be able to return due to the westerly wind belts all year round. The Yin people could only organize some of their tribesmen to cross the ocean to the east every year. Given the limited living resources of the ancient Korean Peninsula, they followed the "Twenty-Four Stones" totem signpost left by the Shaohao Kingdom eastward, turning to the Beiwoju, the birthplace of the Shang people, the Yinghuxian District of the Eastern Shenzhou (should be "Wuan", the stones sacrifice to the Temple of Heaven), lived on water, farming, fishing and hunting, and in the "Black Tide Warm Current" season, they regularly transported their tribesmen to Hokkaido or Kamchatka Peninsula by sea ships, along the Kuril Islands and Aleutian Islands, the gold necklace inlaid in the North Pacific (the Indian clan sacrifice is called "The Floating Bridge of the Sky"), logging on the spot to make boats and leaping on the island, and landed in the Gulf of Alaska or the Gulf of Mexico in the Americas. These Shang people and the Chinese who arrived in America in history became Indian ancestors and natives of the American continent. As Mr. Wang Dayou said, "Indian" is actually "Yindi An"; the "Inca" empire is actually the "Yin Family" empire.

So, can more than 100,000 Shang soldiers and civilians traveling across the ocean to migrate to the American continent successfully by relying on ancient wooden sailboats? Such a question is indeed difficult to answer. Moreover, most people living in modern society do not understand what the "black tide" is? What is a "warm current"?

Open the world map, and near the Kuril Islands not far from Japan's Qingjin Strait, it is marked with the word "Black Tide". The Black Tide is a warm current flowing along the western edge of the North Pacific. Because its water quality is purer than the surrounding sea water, water molecules scatter more blue light waves, and it looks darker than the surrounding sea water and is blue-black, so it is called the "Black Tide".According to the information, this current is about 100 kilometers wide, with an average water depth of more than 400 meters and a daily flow rate of 55 to 150 kilometers. It is formed south of the Philippines, passes through the east sea of ​​Taiwan, and then flows to the coast east of Japan's island country, flows into the year-round westerly wind belt, and then flows eastward. Because the current brings high temperature and high salt seawater in the equatorial sea area, the surface temperature of the sea water increases, so it is called a "warm current". To the north of the Black Tide Warm Current Road is the Aleutian Islands connecting Asia and the American continent, and to the east is the Gulf of Alaska and the Gulf of Mexico.

The existence of the warm current of the dark tide has given Asia and the American continent a connected maritime highway. Once the ship enters the above-mentioned waters of the North Pacific, it will be smooth sailing. It can be said that "who says that the sea is wide, and you can cross it with one sail." In 1955, five brave Taiwanese youth drove an ordinary Fujian high-head flat-bottom wooden sailboat from Keelung Port in Taiwan, first arrived at Yokohama, Japan, and then drove into the Black Sea tide to cross the Pacific Ocean. It took less than two months to sail to San Francisco, USA. This move caused a sensation. Mr. Zhou Chuanjun, who participated in this feat, said: "No matter whether the native Americans first migrated America from Asia, the fact that anthropologically recognized by the anthropology, in my experience, it was impossible for ancient Chinese ships to be floated to America. Because it was difficult to detect typhoons in ancient times, as long as the ship was swept into the Black Sea Tide, you would never think of America." He also said: "The Black Sea Tide is like a land river, clearly visible on the ocean surface, with steady flow, and seagulls flying along the way, with seals raining along the way. , proving that the ancients did not worry about food and fresh water when sailing. Moreover, we drifted from Yokohama to San Francisco in less than two months, and it was not long. (In 1974, Vienna anthropologist Kuno Kerber and eight others built a Chinese wooden boat, the "Tai Chi", based on the model of a 1st century pottery ship unearthed in Guangzhou. The boat was more than 12 meters long, with a large sail woven with rushes. Hong Kong set sail and drifted northeast along the coast of Japan to Araslikou, America).

Judging from the precious photos of the past that were preserved, the old wooden sailboats that Zhou Chuanjun and others drifted across the Pacific are so simple, so ordinary, but so majestic and extraordinary! In addition to lamenting and admiration, strange excitement and pride in people's hearts rise.

South American Corn Museum (selected from Baidu)

From archaeological research, it shows that the axis of China's agricultural development history has extended to more than 10,000 years ago. China's rice agriculture originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River more than 10,000 years ago. It was first seen in the ruins of Yuchanyan, Dao County, Hunan, Shangshan, Pujiang, Zhejiang, and Qiaotou, Yiwu. It expanded to the Huaihe River Basin and the lower reaches of the Yellow River after 9,000 years ago, and spread to South China, Taiwan and even further away. China's dry farming agriculture of millet and millet originated in North China more than 10,000 years ago, and was first seen in the Donghulin sites in Beijing. It spread to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and most of the Xiliao River Basin for more than 8,000 years ago. It has been more than 5,000 years ago and entered the arid Hexi Corridor westward, climbed the towering Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the southwest, and arrived in Xinjiang for more than 4,000 years ago. It can be said that the two major agricultural systems of "southern rice and millet in the north" were initially formed 8,000 years ago, and the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins have been dominated by agriculture more than 6,000 years ago. More than 4,000 years later, wheat was introduced from the West, and a "grain harvest" scene appeared. Grains, combined with pigs, cattle, sheep and other livestock, as well as Chinese herbal medicines, provided the Chinese ancestors with a stable source of food and basic health guarantee, and prepared good conditions for the origin and early development of Chinese civilization.

Relative settlement is the prerequisite for agriculture, and agricultural development in turn promotes settlement and housing construction. About 10,000 years ago, China had already appeared grinding woodworking tools such as axes, adzes, and chisels in the Shangshan culture, which were mainly used to process and build mortise and tenon wooden structure buildings, setting a precedent for traditional Chinese wooden structure buildings. Stable agricultural development also prepares conditions for the prosperity of fragile pottery. Although pottery at sites such as Wannian Xianren Cave in Jiangxi has a history of 20,000 years, the number of pottery increased and gradually became the main daily necessities. It was mainly because after the emergence of agriculture about 10,000 years ago, China became the most developed region in the world in the prehistoric period, and later developed into a ceramics power.

The black land nurtured the yellow-skinned ancestors of China. They began to plant golden corn on the land in the Changbai Mountain area as early as 5,000 years ago. Changbai Mountain is even more "Taibai Calendar - observing the sky and measuring shadows, correcting the four-season farming season, and developing agricultural civilization after the flood." However, because of the great eruption of the Changbai Mountain volcano, the "Shan Hai Jing" records that North Korea was a "country of poisonous heaven". Obviously, the Northeast Asia region at that time formed a "death extinction circle". Nomadic people migrated north to south, and some arrived in Africa, and were supported in ancient Egyptian archaeology. The ancient farming tribes could only migrate on a large scale and long distance, and make a living in North America and West Asia. At that time, the ancient Xuanyuan tribe migrated to the Tianshan area to marry the Ghost Kingdom to form the myth of the Leaf and the primitive shamanism belief.

is the ancient Dongyi tribe who was forced to leave the death and extermination zone and flee in a hurry to find a safe paradise. They carried the corn, millet, peanuts, sunflowers, tobacco and other seeds left by their ancestors and fled to the unknown distant continent...

Venezuelan scholars have proved that King Wu defeated Zhou in spring. The monsoon is just northeast. When we arrived in Alaska, the wind direction changed to the southeast, which created favorable conditions for going to Central and South America. This is extremely likely because our country had a thick road on the sea in the Shang Dynasty. Overseas trade has already reached a considerable scale, and from the sea freight conditions at that time, this is not a false statement. The stone anchor (stone anchor) found on the coast of Central America is very telling: because that kind of stone is only available on the coast of China and Taiwan. This once again proves that the Amei people in Taiwan can naturally become the Yanomami people in South America.
Chinese people have always had the ability to domesticate animals. The ostrich from South America were brought by the Indians. China had the earliest planting technology, and the Indians "when they arrived in America, they immediately planted corn, potatoes, tomatoes, sunflowers and cinchona trees" (see the entry of "Cihai"). This is not a coincidence. Potatoes are native to our country. The "dia" mentioned in "The Book of Songs·July" "April Showing Diamond" is potato. Because: (1) "Zheng Bi": "Yao means grass." That is to say it is herbal, (2) Mao's note: "It is actually called beauty without being honored", which means that there is fruit before the flowers bloom; (3) Pictogram, Chinese potatoes are shaped like kidneys, so they are called "Yao". In ancient times, "must" and "waist" were connected, (4) "the beginning of things" was "the beginning of the creation of things" at the age of 4. April is ripe. The earliest of all crops. These conditions. Only potatoes are qualified, and other crops are beyond the reach. Corn, sunflower and cinchona trees are common plants of the ancient Dongyi tribe in northern my country. They bring seeds to the North American Peninsula through roads and bridges. This naturally requires residents in northern Asia to take the lead.

Through research by Chinese and foreign scholars, it is generally believed that the first discoverers of the Americas came from Asia. The ancestors of these Indians crossed the Bering Land Bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska in ancient times and set foot on the land of the Americas. In the process of development, Indian civilization formed two core areas of civilization. One is the Central American Cultural District, which is generally located in central and southern Mexico and the highly developed Indian culture in Central American countries adjacent to it. Later, the famous Mayan civilization and Aztec civilization formed in this area. The other is the Andean civilization, which is generally located in the central plateau of the Andes and the coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean. The Mochika civilization and the Inca civilization were later formed in this region. These civilizations have made considerable achievements in fishing, hunting, agriculture, handicrafts, religion, science, and architecture. The Mayan wisdom, the Aztec military, and the Inca management ability all had a certain impact on the subsequent development of Latin America.

The traditional ideas, religious beliefs, cultural traditions of indigenous Indian residents are related to the closed and backward living environment. Latin American countries have had the same experiences in history, and have common characteristics in cultural traditions. In them, ancient Indian culture was deeply rooted, and myths, legends, traditional customs and religious beliefs from many centuries ago have always influenced people's thoughts and behaviors.For example, in their view on death, they believe that life and death have no absolute boundary. Death is another kind of "life". Life can extend in the transformation of cicadas. The dead also have emotions and the ability to listen, speak, remember and think.

The representative work "The Corn Man" by Miguel Angel Asturias, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature and the main founder of the Latin American magical realist literary genre, is a masterpiece of art. This novel mainly describes the lives and struggles of the indigenous Indians in Guatemala, and takes this as the main line, truly reflecting the vast life of Guatemala society. The contradictions and struggles arising from the Indians and native whites because of the cultivation of corn. The Indians planted corn for the purpose of living and survival. In their religious beliefs, corn was transformed by people, and people survived by eating corn. But the native whites don’t think so. They grow corn to make huge profits. To this end, a life-and-death struggle between the Indians led by Chief Gaspar Iron and the white forces broke out.

4. The origin and planting of corn

corn (seeds are as solid as jade), and there are many names in my country: fen wheat (Fujian), corn (Grill of the leather bag), corn stick (eikes like sticks), rice (Rice of the leather bag), pearl rice (Grills like pearls), bran (Hebei), corn (Sichuan and Hubei), corn (Guangdong and Guangxi), Yujiao (Shenyu), Lugu (Anhui), Lubao (Wuyue), Siamese rice (Northeast), Baolu, Yushu, Yuji, Dashu, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Yuli, Liugu, Luli, Hongyan wheat, Job seed bread, Jinbean, Yuli, Baba and other hundreds of names, etc. Just looking at such a variety of Chinese names, you will know that corn is widely loved by people in various regions of China. Corn is called maize or corn in English. We all know that corn is more of an American name, while maize is the more common English name, which comes from the Spanish word maíz, which is derived from the name of corn by the Taíno people living in the Caribbean Islands in Central America. Spanish colonists who arrived in the Caribbean Islands at the end of the 15th century continued to use the name of corn by the indigenous Taíno people at that time. However, the earliest corn discovery sites do not originate in the Caribbean, but in southern Mexico, which is also Central America.

Thanks to the development of molecular biology, genetic archaeological research tells us that corn comes from an annual wild grass called teosinte (Zea mays ssp, parviglumis) (it can be seen from its Latin name that it is the same species as corn, but it is divided into different subspecies). It is sometimes translated as squamous in Chinese. It was first domesticated in the Balsas River Basin in southern Mexico, about 9,000 years ago.
　At present, compared with other research methods, the research on the origin of corn is the most direct, efficient and convincing. To facilitate everyone to understand better, it is necessary to explain a little bit about how genetic archaeology has derived these key information about the origin of corn, that is, how is the origin, time and place of corn determined? One of the important evidences for the search for corn ancestral book comes from the 1980s. Some scholars confirmed that the parviglumis subspecies (also translated as Xiaoying Dahu grass subspecies) has isoenzymes that is almost the same as modern corn, and this weed is the only subspecies with sufficient similarity to all modern corn genes. Through the dual confirmation of isoenzyme and gene similarity closely related to plant genetic mutation, this type of sausage successfully defeated other competitors and became the origin of corn.

　The inference about domestication sites is because in the Balsas River Basin, the genetic diversity of squama is much higher than that of other regions, and the parviglumis subspecies is also distributed in the basin area. At the same time, there are diversity of gene species and the natural distribution of direct ancestral origins. The Balsas River Valley has become the most likely place of origin of corn.

　In terms of origin, according to the periodic laws of gene mutations, scholars' research shows that the earliest domestication of corn can be stuck between 5689 and 13093 years ago. If we take a middle point, the time will be roughly around 9000 years ago.The earliest corn remains were discovered in the Guila Naquitz cave in the Oaxaca Valley in Mexico 6,230 years ago. If genetic archaeologists speculate that from completely wild teosinte to cultivated corn, the domestication time will take about 3,000 years. We can also speculate that the starting time of corn domestication is about 9,000 years ago.
We know that the research objects of genetic archaeology are mainly present plants. If we really want to explain the origin of corn, we must rely on evidence from plant archaeology, that is, starting from the unearthed plant remains. At present, plant archaeological research can be roughly divided into research on large plant remains (mostly seeds, nuts, etc. that are visible to the naked eye) and microplant remains.

Guila Naquitz Cave (picture quoted from Baidu)

　Although the discovery of the remains of large corn plants can provide us with many details of morphological characteristics and can also be used for direct dating, after all, the earliest discovery of corn was nearly 3,000 years later than the domestication time obtained by previous genetic archaeological research. In the eyes of some scholars, this huge time gap can be filled by the discovery of microplant remains. The research objects of microplant remains of corn mainly include plant phytosilicon and starch granules that cannot be observed with the naked eye in corn remains.
　In recent years, Professor Piperno, a well-known American microplant archaeology, determined that the earliest corn plant phytos and starch grains can be traced back to 8,700 years ago, which is very close to the origin of corn derived from genetic archaeology corn. What is more interesting is that the discovery of these micro-corn remains is also in the Balsas River Basin, which is located in the Xihuatoxtla Rock Tower in the Guerrero area. Unlike the series of caves that discovered the remains of large corn plants, which are located in semi-arid highland areas, the location of Xihuatoxtla Rock Tower is a seasonal tropical rainforest in climate. This humid and hot buried environment is extremely unfavorable to the preservation of large plants. Archaeological work in this area so far is also very limited, which further highlights the uniqueness and irreplaceability of these micro-body remains in exploring the origin of corn. However, it is worth noting that the dating of these earliest micro-body corns did not come from the corn itself, but were obtained from charcoal dating located in the same layer, and the lack of direct dating evidence affects the credibility of this finding. What is more likely to arouse people's suspicion is that as the site where the earliest remains of corn plant were discovered, there is no trace of the corn ancestor, which seems to be contrary to the understanding of the earliest stages of crop cultivation as generally understood.
　About the origin of corn, the three current research methods have given their own understanding and contribution: genetic archaeological research pointed out the time, place and ancestors of origin incisively, but left a large number of gaps that require the filling of plant archaeological materials. The materials of large plant remains are credible, vivid and informative, but there is a significant gap between the so-called genetic speculation time and time. Microplant remains appear in the critical time and key areas of the origin of corn in a timely manner, which seems to perfectly explain the differences in the results of the first two research methods, but are controversial because of their own chronological determination and archaeological background. So does corn originate in South America? Be brought back to his hometown by Indians, descendants of the ancient Dongyi tribe? Or did the ancient Dongyi people carry seeds and plant and spread them in South America? The latter should be passed through archaeological testing, which is more convincing. [1]

"Shan Hai Jing·The Great Wilderness Southern Classic" says: There are people, birds have beaks and wings, and they can catch fish in the sea. In the Great Wilderness, someone named Guantou. Gun's wife, Shi Jing, and Shi Jing, was called Yan Rong, and Sheng Guantou. The sturdy head is a man's face, the bird's beak has wings, eats fish in the sea, and walks with its wings. Viagra, Poplar is a food. The saccharin: It is pronounced as yam, which should be yuji. Guo Pu's notation as "black millet" is inaccurate. But since it is millet, it is corn, which is an ancient name for corn. Songyang: Such trees are not edible and do not belong to food. They are not established and are misinformed. Note: The next to the wood should be next to the grain, which is the bridge. Guo Pu’s note: It looks like barnyard weed growing on the ground, which is dirty grass. But in "Er Ya Yi", it says: There are rice and thin ones, not filthy grass, but millet. It can be seen that ancient millet is extremely common in our country.Corn was not introduced in modern times. At least 8,000 years, corn has been eaten; it can be called "Eight Thousand Millets of Poverty Mulberry", which is corn. [2]

When we open "Cihai", under the Indian entry, it was written brightly: "Indians - when they arrived in America, they began to plant corn, sunflowers, potatoes, tomatoes, cinchona trees, etc...." Obviously, this type of entry was copied from a foreign country, and similar entries were also seen in other encyclopedias, which shows that Westerners are already very clear about this. So where were the seeds of these Indian crops brought from? The answer is also very clear from China. Because it has been found that the Indians were immigrants from ancient China. [3] The cultivation of corn is described and recorded in the ancient Chinese documents "The Book of Songs", "Qimin Elements" and "Three Character Classic": " rice, millet, beans, wheat, millet, and sorghum, these six grains are eaten by people." The "Three Character Classic" uses three words and one catchy grammar to list the six types of grains that the people of our country rely on for survival. Among them, millet is also the ancient name of corn .

In 1990, archaeologists discovered the Yang Mausoleum of Emperor Jing of Han in Weicheng District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. Due to the long time, it has been visited by tomb robbers. After rescue excavation by archaeologists, many extremely valuable cultural relics were discovered. And Yangling's true face was slowly revealed to the world. This is a huge tomb pit, divided into two major regions, including fourteen rows and twenty-four figurines. The most common one is a kind of pottery figurine. This kind of pottery figurine is different from the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Most of them are naked male figurines with wide arms and round waists. Experts speculate that this is to help the emperor suppress the dark evil spirits underground. In addition, many daily objects have been unearthed in Yangling, ranging from metal to silk products. But to say the most amazing discovery, , which is buried underground for two thousand years, is 20 cm thick, and is analyzed to be millet, millet, and wheat from northern China. American scholars judged that there was 1 corn and 11 small peanuts. Archaeologists invited many agricultural experts. The experts joined forces to conduct a very detailed investigation and analysis of these seeds. Finally, they concluded that the various grain products found in the Yang Tomb of Emperor Jing of Han were all from BC, which means that corn was from that time. This discovery directly brought corn in my country, two thousand years earlier, and also gave a definite answer to the inference that corn appeared in my country. [4] This overturned the historical conclusion that Columbus discovered that South America had introduced corn and peanuts to China in the 15th century. Since two and a half peanuts were unearthed from the Neolithic Neolithic Tool in Xiushui, Jiangxi, it can be concluded that China is one of the origins of corn and peanuts. [5]

Archaeological discovery of Yang Mausoleum of Emperor Jing of Han in 1990, and corn and peanut seeds were discovered for the first time

5. The ancient meteorite "corn" totem was discovered for the first time in my country. Food is the most important thing for people. This is an ancient saying passed down to this day in China. From hunting, fishing, and gathering activities in the Paleolithic era to agriculture and animal husbandry in the early Neolithic era, they all represent the source of food for ancestors in different periods, and played a crucial role in human evolution, civilization process and social development. Therefore, the reconstruction and analysis of the food structure of our ancestors by using scientific and technological means has always been one of the important research contents in the archaeological community.

Xiaomi from 8,000 years ago is displayed in the Folk Museum of Aohan No. 1 Village, Hongshan, my country. It is stored in a clay pot and has carbonized into the color of the earth. Compared with the "Eight Thousand Millets" in Xinglongwa, except for the slightly smaller particles, it is no different. The "Eight Thousand Millets" in Xinglongwa refer to more than 1,500 carbonized grains discovered by archaeologists during excavation of Xinglonggou Cultural Site in Aohan Banner between 2001 and 2003. After identification by Canadian and British experts, it was determined that the carbonized grain specimens of millet and sorghum unearthed at the Xinglongwa site in Aohan Banner are 8,000 years of grain remains. It is the only empirical evidence of dry farming cereals in northern China, more than 2,000 years earlier than the corn found in Central Europe. The "Eight Thousand Millets" archaeology of Xinglongwa once again confirmed the origin of Chinese civilization and confirmed that millet and millet originated in northern China worldwide, between 7,600 and 8,000 years ago.Moreover, in the Xinglongwa cultural era around 8,000 years ago, corn had become a grain eaten by the ancestors of Xinglongwa; in the Yangshao cultural era 6,500 years ago, corn had become a staple food on the dining table in northern China, and had spread along the grassland channel to Europe and India. Whether the origin of corn also comes from the Hongshan culture period in northern China. Although there are more tools such as hoe-shaped tools, shovel-shaped tools, and grinded stone worms than before, there are fewer plant remains found so far. Moreover, according to paleoenvironmental research, the warm and humid climate ends and cooling events may have an impact on existing agriculture. Analysis of human bone stable isotopes during the Hongshan culture period of Xinglongwa site showed that the percentage of C4 plant (millet or sorghum, sorghum, corn, etc.) in people's food was 60%-80%, which was higher than that in the Xinglongwa culture period, indicating that the agricultural economy accounted for a large proportion at this time. Because there has been no direct evidence of archaeological corn, many experts have turned their attention to South America.

There are many alias for corn (corn). In some places, it is called jade wheat, bran, corn, and jade sorghum, reed, pearl rice, and six grain rice. Legend has it that Emperor Huizong of Song once tasted corn personally and won the reputation of "Yu Mai". In the past, domestic researchers generally believed that the ancestral home of corn was not in our country. It is generally believed that corn originates in South America. Peru, which is well known, has the term "corn warehouse" in Indian language. Archaeologists have discovered the oldest wild corn ears in the remains of the Tvantepec Canyon in southern Mexico. At the archaeological excavation site at the Kepan site, the archaeological team discovered the unearthed corn god's avatar. The ruins of ancient city are still preserved near the coast of Peru. The unearthed pottery and buildings are embedded with a large number of corn kernels and ear patterns. Analyzing these relics, archaeologists speculated that the earliest original inhabitants of South America, Indians, began to grow corn widely 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. Before this, there has been a lot of controversy about whether there were corn cultivation technologies in my country, and there were no archaeological discoveries and empirical reports. However, in recent years, there have been many corn (jade and meteorite totems) in Hongshan area, which has attracted the author's attention and many in-depth field inspections and visits.

The meteorite corn totem collected by Wang Songlin 5,100 years ago in northern China

The meteorite corn totem discovered by farmers on the bank of the Liao River, each weighing 100 kilograms. It is the first time that the corn totem large-scale meteorite totem carvings from ancient times in my country.

8,000 years ago, the North China Plain and the Northeast Plain were all sea-soaked areas. At that time, the coastline was in Changsha, western Hunan and Chifeng, Mongolia. Therefore, the Shennong family, an ancient Dongyi farming clan, mainly lived in the area around Changbai Mountain, and crop production relied on mulberry fields.

From 2019 to 2020, scholar Wang Songlin discovered many meteorite corn totems belonging to the ancient Red Mountain period in the Changbai Mountain area. They were detected by quantum age identification instruments and field resonance scientific instruments for more than 5,100 years. Of course, these corn meteorite totems do not represent the earliest corn "specimen" discovered, but it is enough to prove that 5,000 years ago, our native ancestors had already begun to plant corn and worship it as holy relics.

Field resonance is an artwork chronological detection instrument independently developed by Chinese scientists; a quantum detector is an artwork chronological detection instrument invented by domestic engineers introduced international advanced technology. Currently, the accuracy of both instruments is above 95%. The reason why some inaccuracies is that they are affected by the degree of grasp and mental state of the inspectors, and have nothing to do with the function of the instrument.

Because the accuracy and performance of the two instruments are far above the Nobel Prize-winning Carbon 14. Carbon 14 test often has decades or even hundreds of years of error. The two instruments of quantum and field resonance are accurate to the specific year. Moreover, carbon 14 can only detect organic matter and can do nothing to inorganic matters, such as jade, bronze, and ceramics. The two instruments, quantum and field resonance, cover all objects and cultural heritage created by humans.On March 25, 2021, experts from Xiamen Ancient Civilization Research Office used two instruments to detect the age of meteorite corn at the same time, and the data were surprisingly consistent. The production date of corn meteorite totem was both 5,100 years ago.

Quantum and field resonance detection The value of the corn totem of meteorite is: 3110±10 BC

After scientific testing, we infer that corn planting technology originated from the Changbai Mountain area of ​​northeast China very early. The ancient Dongyi people began to have corn planting technology at least five or six thousand years ago, and even earlier. In 1492, the Italian navigator Columbus arrived on the American continent and discovered corn, which he brought it back to Spain. In his navigation report, he enthusiastically introduced corn, a crop worshipped by Indians as natural gods. He wrote: "There is a grain called corn, which is sweet and delicious, dried and can be made into powder." From then on, corn gradually spread throughout Europe. Of course, it is not ruled out that South American corn has been introduced back to my country after advanced technology improvement. Since the 18th century, corn cultivation in my country has begun to develop rapidly. Because corn can resist drought and cold, but can be sown with thin soil and is very adaptable, it soon became a field crop widely cultivated in plain areas. Today, corn cultivated by the former South American Indians has become a world-class high-yield cultivated plant with excellent quality and rich nutritional value after long-term natural selection and artificial domestication, and occupies an extremely important position in food crops.

Corn is a cross-pollinated crop, the main body of grain-based feed, and the main energy feed in my country. Corn is palatable and has no restrictions on use. According to research and determination, every 100 grams of corn contains 196 kcal, 1.2 grams of crude fiber, 3.8 grams of protein, 2.3 grams of fat, 40.2 grams of carbohydrates, and also contains mineral elements and vitamins. Corn contains more crude fiber, 4-10 times higher than refined rice and fine flour. In fact, the transmission of any crop is not a single species. It probably has experienced integration and recognition with the local environment, and even accompanied by the spread of culture and technology. The appearance that appears on these determinants is our common popular culture. When young people all over the world like to eat popcorn in cinemas and watch movies, who would have thought that archaeologists discovered popcorn 5,600 years ago in a bat cave in central Mexico. At that time, Mexican Indians already knew to put corn kernels on hot stones to see them burst and splash. Corn culture is still cared for and promoted in modern Mexican society. In March 2003, the People's Culture Museum of Mexico City, in conjunction with the National Indigenous Society, Chapinggo University and other units held an exhibition with the theme of "Without corn, there will be no country". In the theme description of the exhibition, it is written as follows: "Corn is the foundation of Mexican culture, the symbol of Mexico, and the source of our endless inspiration. We created corn, and corn created us. We always live in mutual nourishment, and we are corn people." [6] Who would have thought that six or seven thousand years ago, or even earlier, it was our ancestors who brought corn seeds to that land and began to plant corn widely, using corn as their totem for collective worship. The "Yin" Dian'ans, a descendant of China, who are not far away from us, are the oldest residents of the American continent. They created fertile fertile soil in the Americas at the cost of wisdom and life, while the rich land and food wealth they created were bloody plundered by white Europeans. How many Indians were there before European colonists invaded America? According to records, by the end of the 15th century, there were about 1 million in the United States and Canada, at least 1 million in the West Indies, and the total number of Indians in the entire American world was about 50 million, with a total of about 160 languages ​​and 1,200 dialects. They lived in three major regions: one was the Mayans in southeastern Mexico and Central America (Guatemala and Honduras), the second was the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Sapotecs in the Mexican Plateau; the third was the Incas in the Andes areas of South America (including Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador). Before Columbus discovered the Americas, there were about 50 million to 100 million Indians. In just 300 years later, less than 1 million remained during the independence period of South America.Wealth is robbed, women are raped, cities are destroyed, and emperors are killed will not shake the foundation of civilization, because they can also learn the skills of the invaders and keep a low profile. But after the population was eliminated, there was no hope of resurrection. A nation with only a population of hundreds of thousands could not stand in the world no matter what. So what caused the massive deaths of the Indian population? The Spanish who first arrived in America slaughtered Native Americans unscrupulously for gold and silver. Sometimes in order to excavate the Indian emperor's tomb, they would drive away the surrounding civilians as slaves, kill everyone after the matter was completed, and then patted the gold on their butt without leaving any trace. The very famous Pizarro kidnapped Atavalpa, the emperor of the Inca Empire, and then blackmailed gold that could fill a whole room, slaughtering tens of thousands of Indians at one time. In fact, what really brought disaster to Indian civilization was not gold and silver, but the fertile land under their feet. Today, many people and even famous scholars are still blaming the Indian Holocaust on the plague brought by Europeans. If it was the plague that killed more than 50 million Indians, this could only be an excuse and a cover-up. Moreover, the Indians lived quite scattered and the communication between various civilizations was not frequent. The virus could not spread too quickly in this environment. Even though the Europeans used the crazy "viral war", in order to expand their colonies, the Portuguese killed more Indians as quickly as possible, deliberately put the clothes and daily necessities of those who died of illness in the woods to lure the Indians away and use them, and let the plague spread widely in the aboriginal gathering areas. Even if all Indians have smallpox, the mortality rate of smallpox is only 1/4, and there should be at least 10 million people to survive. Therefore, the main factor in the demise of Indian civilization was not plague, but massacre and plunder. After the Spanish and the Portuguese robbed gold and silver, they began a crazy colonial movement, robbing resources and land. The same is true for the French and British people who followed him. They took a fancy to a good place and forced themselves to build roads and houses. Gradually, they snatched away all good places suitable for farming and living. The Indians could only retreat step by step to harsh environments, without enough food, and the plague was raging, and the Indians fell in large numbers. To this day, the only Indians are left with only a few places like the western desert and the Amazon jungle, and the entire American continent has become European. Corn, potatoes and sweet potatoes grown by American Indians saved Eurasia and allowed the population of Europe and China to grow exponentially. However, the viruses, muskets and fleets produced in Europe destroyed the splendid culture of ancient America. [7]

There are many stories about corn, and I hope more people will understand the origin and history of corn. Let corn culture get out of the misunderstanding of foreign civilizations, better accelerate the progress of agricultural science and technology, build a modern agricultural industrial system, fully implement the rural revitalization strategy, and strive to build a beautiful home for hundreds of millions of farmers to live happily.

Annotation: [1] Archaeological pictures and some texts are quoted from Baidu.com, written by Wang Songlin and Tian Jiaxun in "Shaman Culture and Chinese Civilization" in 2008 Jilin University Press; [2] "Interpretation of Mountains and Seas" in December 2014, written by Gong Yuhai; [3] "Shans and Seas and Chinese Civilization" "Shukou from the origin of corn, potatoes, etc. in China" author: Li Nan, Bensheng; [4] Shaanxi Archaeological Report in 1990; [5] "Archaeological Discoveries Conclude that China is one of the origins of corn and peanuts" "Modern Agriculture" Issue 10, 1993; [6] Economic Information Times, 1990; [7] "The Sad Elegy - The Disappearing Indian Civilization", "The Current Situation of American Indian Research", "American Research", 2010 No. 3. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all teachers and friends for providing first-hand historical materials, helping with scientific testing and guiding corrections!