Everyone knows that "eg" and "for example" in English have the same meaning, both of which are "given examples, for example". Some students asked, what two words are the abbreviations of "eg"? "example" has a "e", but no "g".
doesn't understand.
Don't be confused. This eg is actually the abbreviation of exempli gratia, Latin, abbreviated as e.g., which means "for example, give an example", which is equal to the English for example.
In addition to "e.g.", there is also a commonly used abbreviation word "i.e.", which is the abbreviation of the Latin word "id est", which means "that is, in other words", which is equivalent to that is / in other, and is used to further explain the views expressed earlier. The difference between
i.e. and e.g.
e.g. As mentioned earlier, it is a Latin abbreviation, which can be pronounced as /iːˈdʒiː/ or "for example".
For example:
You should eat more food that contains a lot of fiber, e.g. fruit, vegetables, and bread.
You should eat more foods rich in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables and bread.
i.e is the abbreviation of "id est", pronounced as /ˌaɪˈiː/, which means "that is", which has a further explanation and makes things clearer.
For example:
The hotel is closed during the off season, i.e., from October to March, from October to March.
The hotel is closed during the off season, that is, from October to March of the following year.
There is a simple and easy to remember between "i.e." and "e.g.":
If you want to express the meaning of in other words (the following content is used to illustrate or explain the previous term), you can directly replace it with "i.e."
If you want to express the meaning of for example, that is, let’s start giving examples later, then use e.g.
i.e. and e.g. do not use italics. Although both are Latin abbreviations, this usage has been around for a long time and has been regarded as a standard usage in English.
Note that e.g. and i.e. are both punctuated. In formal writing, e.g. and i.e. are inserted words, before and after the sentence.
etc. etc.
You should often see "etc." in your articles. Everyone knows that this is the meaning of "worry", but which word is it abbreviation?
etc. is also a Latin abbreviation, et cetera, pronounced as /ɪtˈset.ər.ə/. When you do not want to give a complete list when listing categories in your article, you can use etc. instead, which is understood as "and other similar things".
For example:
The children use computers in many instructional areas, including math, science, language study, etc.
Children use computers in many teaching fields, including mathematics, science, language learning, etc.
ca. About
Someone saw ca. The first reaction was, "Huh? Isn't this the abbreviation of California?"
Nope, the abbreviation of California is capital "CA", here "ca." is also a Latin abbreviation, circa, which means "about; approximate; close to", pronounced as /ˈsɜːkə/.
For example:
The TEM images indicated that F-TiO2 particles in sol were spherical, and the average particle size was ca. 6.5 nm.
TEM analysis showed that the particles were spherical, with an average particle size of about 6.5 nm.
cf. See
cf. It is not the CrossFire we used to play before. It can be understood as "compare" or "confer", and the meaning of "reference".
For example:
Further amendments have been incorporated into the proposal (cf. Bartt & Sons p17).
further revisions have been included in the proposal (see Bartt & Sons page 17).
