AD 1402 ( Ming Dynasty Jianwen 4th year) June 13th, Yan King Zhu Di invaded Nanjing. Four days later, Zhu Di officially ascended the throne as emperor in Nanjing. On November 30, Zhu Di issued an edict to officially ennoble Princess Yan Xu's as queen.
Why is there a difference of more than five months between the time when Zhu Di ascended the throne and the time when he was crowned queen? This is because Zhu Di took control of Nanjing through the four-year "Jingnan Campaign", and during these four years, Princess Yan Xu family has been helping Zhu Di guard Peiping . In other words, when Zhu Di ascended the throne in Nanjing, the Xu family was still in and in Beijing. Without her, the canonization ceremony could not be held.
Therefore, after Zhu Di recovered Shandong, Henan and other places, and then sent people to take the Xu family to Nanjing, it was already late November. After some intense preparations by the Ministry of Etiquette, Xu was finally canonized as queen. She was the third queen of the Ming Dynasty (excluding the honorable queen), and was also the queen with the highest birth status in the history of the Ming Dynasty. Later generations were called Queen Renxiao or Queen Xu .
It should be noted that the canonization ceremony prepared by Zhu Di for Empress Xu was extremely grand. Since ancient times, the empress has used golden turtle buttons (the seal on the "Phoenix Seal"). Even the founding queen of the Ming Dynasty, Ma Shi is also like this. However, Zhu Di felt that the golden turtle button was not enough to show the honor of Queen Xu, so he ordered the Ministry of Rites to rush to make the Panlong button . Not only that, Zhu Di also asked officials from the Ministry of Rites to read out the edict of canonizing Xu as queen at Chengtianmen to inform the world. When the queens were canonized in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Queen Xu was the first person to announce it to the world alone.
In the canonization edict, Zhu Di even used the words "I am the great treasure, and I am willing to rely on each other", which means that he became the emperor thanks to Xu's assistance.
Zhu Di's various practices elevated Queen Xu to a height that had never been achieved by ancient queens.
Empress Xu in history was indeed an excellent empress. After her death, Zhu Di did not establish a queen for 17 years. Whenever he mentioned Empress Xu, Zhu Di missed her with infinite nostalgia and sadness. In this article, the author will share with you Ming Chengzu Zhu Di’s wife Xu, hoping that through the reappearance of historical data, everyone can re-understand an ancient sage queen.
1. The Xu family gave birth to daughters of Wei lords, and Taizu granted marriage to the queen.
Queen Renxiao. In the film and television drama, she was named "Xu Miaoyun". In fact, Xu's maiden name was not recorded in official history. "History of the Ming Dynasty: Biography of Queen Renxiao" records:
Chengzu Queen Renxiao Xu was the eldest daughter of Wang Da of Zhongshan. She is young and quiet, loves to read, and is called a female student.
In the Ming Dynasty, the so-called " Zhu students" refer to students who have received traditional Confucian education, are familiar with classics and history, and are qualified to enter the government schools. Xu's father, Xu Da, was the first military official in the founding of the country. He was both civil and military, did not seek credit, was not cliquey, was not arrogant and extravagant, and was well versed in the way of being a minister. As the first child of the Xu family and the eldest daughter of Xu Da, Xu received strict Confucian education from an early age. Because she is talented and well-read in poetry and books, she is called "the female student".
According to "Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty", Xu's memory was outstanding, and she could remember everything when reading. Her younger brothers Xu Huizu and Xu Zengshou both admired their eldest sister's knowledge. After Zhu Yuanzhang came to the throne, in order to stabilize the relationship between monarch and minister, he intended to marry ministers. For example, Prince Zhu Biao married Chang Yuchun family, King Qin Zhu Feng married Deng Yu family, etc. Xu Da, as one of the six founding princes, First, Zhu Yuanzhang would not ignore her. When Zhu Yuanzhang heard that Xu Da's eldest daughter was extremely talented and well-educated, he summoned Xu Da to the palace. "History of the Ming Dynasty·The Biography of Queen Renxiao" records:
When Taizu heard that Hou was a virtuous man, he summoned Da and said: "I and Qing are friends in common people. In ancient times, when monarchs and ministers agreed with each other, they were married. If Qing has a daughter, she will be my son. That's right." Dutton thanked him.
Zhu Yuanzhang said to Xu Da: "We are commoner friends. In ancient times, most of the monarchs and ministers who were in harmony were married. I know you have a good daughter. Can you betroth her to my fourth son, Zhu Di?" Xu Da listened. After finishing, he immediately kowtowed and thanked, and the marriage contract between Zhu Di and Xu was concluded.
Unlike traditional couples in ancient times, Xu and Zhu Di were already very familiar with each other before marriage. In the sixth year of Hongwu's reign, Xu was selected as a female official in the palace by Queen Ma, and she listened to Queen Ma's teachings for three years. At that time, this was a great honor for the noble family. At that time, Xu was only 12 years old.
In "The Biography of Empress Gao" written in the second year of Yongle, it is mentioned that the Xu family "served around her every day, and was the only favored family member". It can be seen that the Xu family was not a traditional maid in front of Empress Ma. With the Zhu family and the Xu family relationship, Queen Ma may treat Xu as her daughter.
"History of the Ming Dynasty " also records:
In the ninth year of Hongwu, she was registered as Princess Yan. Queen Gao loved him deeply.
Three years after Xu entered the palace, in the ninth year of Hongwu, Xu was officially canonized as Princess Yan and married Yan King Zhu Di. At this point, she officially became the daughter-in-law of Zhu Yuanzhang and Queen Ma. Queen Ma cherished Xu very much.
In the second year after their marriage (the tenth year of Hongwu), Xu gave birth to her and Zhu Di's first child. This child was not Zhu Gaochi, but Zhu Di's eldest daughter and Zhu Gaochi's sister, who was later named Princess Yong'an. . In another year (the eleventh year of Hongwu), Xu gave birth to Zhu Gaochi. At that time, Zhu Di was still "watching the birthplace of his ancestors" in Fengyang. When he heard that Xu had given birth to a son, he rushed to Nanjing without stopping.
In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the Xu family followed Zhu Di to Beiping to join the vassal state. From then on, Zhu Di would play the role of his vassal king, while the Xu family would assist Zhu Di to make the latter a qualified vassal king in the Ming Dynasty.
Mrs. Xu was pregnant before she arrived in Peking. In Peiping, Mrs. Xu gave birth to two sons and three daughters. It is worth mentioning that the first seven children in Zhu Di's life were all born to Xu. In other words, before the Xu family gave birth to her last child Princess Xianning in the eighteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Di's other concubines did not give birth to children. The Xu family gave birth to 7 legitimate sons and daughters to Zhu Di in a row in 8 years, which is enough to prove that his relationship with Zhu Di has become stronger over time.
From Xu Da's eldest daughter, to Queen Ma's female official, from Zhu Yuanzhang's daughter-in-law, to the mother of seven children in Prince Yan's Mansion in Peking, Queen Xu's first half of her life was rich, and facts have proven that her second half of her life was even more brilliant.
2. The general and tiger girl guarded Peiping, and the Princess of Yan was granted the title of empress
Since Peiping was the old capital of the Yuan Dynasty , and the Palace of the Prince of Yan was also quite large, Zhu Di had just arrived in Peiping, and he was already very busy with the handover affairs with local officials and the military. , and the Xu family is responsible for the Dianshan Office, the Service Office, the Jishan Institute, the Good Doctor Office, the Dianyi Office, the Gongzheng Institute and other affairs in the Yanwang Palace. Whenever Zhu Di returned to the palace, he saw that many affairs in the palace were in order , are all happy that they have married a good wife. In "Records of Taizong of the Ming Dynasty", Zhu Di said that the Xu family:
"He has been helping the vassal state for more than 20 years... his concubine was in Zhaofeng, and his housekeeping was Ji Ning." Only by governing the vassal territory well can we participate in the pacification of "the world". For the vassal king, a good wife was crucial in "keeping the family together" and "ruling the country".
In addition, Xu's living habits are very simple. She " does not like luxury decorations by nature, and she is frugal." Xu Da came to Peking many times to train troops, and Queen Ma often sent palace officials to Beijing to visit her grandson. I am very satisfied with his style.
Mrs. Xu is the eldest daughter of the famous general Xu Da. She has been influenced by it since she was a child, and she behaves like a female general. In the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Yunwen used radical methods to cut down the vassal. Not only did he cut down five vassal kings in a row, he even forced King Zhu Bai of Hunan to death. Zhu Di was uneasy in Peiping. With the persuasion of Yao Guangxiao and others, Zhu Di finally decided to launch an army to quell Jingnan. During the planning period, Xu was also involved. Historical records:
"Shangzhi Yijing suffered internal difficulties, and the paintings he later praised were mostly in agreement with Shangzhi."
It means that most of Xu's strategies are in line with Zhu Di's wishes. After the Battle of Jingnan broke out, Zhu Di moved to the north and south to fight. The task of Xu and his eldest son Zhu Gaochi was to defend Beijing for Zhu Di.
In September of the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Di led Zhang Yu, Qiu Fu and other elite soldiers to attack Daning. The southern army commander Li Jinglong took advantage of the emptiness of Peiping and led his army to siege Beiping City. The prince Zhu Gaochi led the old, weak, sick and disabled in the city to defend the city, and finally won. On the surface, Zhu Gaochi was responsible for the victory, but in fact, the Xu family contributed a lot behind the scenes. "The History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Queen Renxiao" records:
At that time, Renzong was guarded by the crown prince. Jinglong was in a hurry to attack the city, and there were few soldiers in the city. Later, he encouraged the generals, officers, civilians and wives to give them armor and refused to defend the city.
This means that Zhu Gaochi is here as the prince. Rushing around the city, most of the specific defense strategies were based on the opinions of his mother, Mrs. Xu. At that time, Li Jinglong was in a hurry to attack the city, and the city was full of old, weak, sick and disabled people. Mrs. Xu impassionedly persuaded the people in the city and the families of the soldiers and soldiers to give them every opportunity. People were given a pair of armor, and Xu even went to the city gate to supervise the battle. Encouraged by Xu, the women and children in the city threw stones and rubble, and fought to the death with the Confederate army. In the end, they persisted until Zhu Di returned to Beijing.
, which fully reflects Xu's courage as a general and a tiger girl.
The author believes that the reason why Li Jinglong's army could not break through the Peking City held by old and weak women and children was, on the one hand, due to Xu's and Zhu Gaochi's proper command, and on the other, thanks to Xu. Just imagine, which of the generals or their fathers in the Ming Dynasty has not served under Xu Da? As long as Xu Da's daughter stood on the tower and bowed, the soldiers of the Southern Army would have to show some respect. Therefore, the southern general Qu Neng would retreat when he was about to break Zhangye Gate, so Li Jinglong would still be unable to break the city after two months of siege.
I have to say that it was Zhu Di who was able to marry Xu Da's eldest daughter. Fortunately.
The Battle of Jingnan lasted for four years. Every time Zhu Di went to war, the Xu family would protect Zhu Di's home, so that Zhu Di had no worries.
On June 17, the fourth year of Jianwen, Zhu Di officially ascended the throne. At that time, Tie Xuan and other old ministers of Jianwen were still in Jiangbei, and Zhu Di did not immediately bring the Xu family. In order to show his courtesy to his wife, Zhu Di sent his second son Zhu Gaoxu and his third son to Nanjing after the situation stabilized. The son Zhu Gaosui went to the riverside to greet his mother in person, while Zhu Di went to the palace gate in person to greet his wife.
On November 30, Zhu Di held a canonization ceremony for the Xu family. During the ceremony, Zhu Di not only used the Panlong New Seal on the queen, but also ordered the Ministry of Rites to announce it to the world alone at Chengtian Gate. Zhu Di said in the book of canonizing the Xu family as the queen:
I am the daughter of Xu Da, King Wuning of Zhongshan, and I am my royal concubine. I have been helping the vassal country for more than 20 years.
One sentence, " I will do what God wants, without any internal worries " encompasses thousands of words written by Zhu Di. Among the queens of the Ming Dynasty, there were many empresses with both talents and virtues. However, apart from Xu, who else had empresses with both talents and political integrity and certain military capabilities?
3. Assist the emperor to govern the country and bring peace to the world, and be kind and beneficial to all living things
Because Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang’s Queen Ma came from an ordinary squire family, Emperor Jianwen ’s Queen Ma was the daughter of Guanglu Shaoqing Ma Quan; from Starting from Emperor Renzong Zhu Gaochi, most of the queens of the Ming Dynasty were selected from the families of ordinary scholar-bureaucrats. Therefore, Queen Xu, as the queen of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di and the daughter of Zhongshan King Xu Da, she became the highest-born among the 32 queens of the Ming Dynasty.
Empress Xu had been familiar with classics and history since she was a child, and suddenly becoming a queen did not make her lose herself. According to the "Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty", Empress Xu was as concerned about Zhu Di's daily life as she was in Peiping. She not only managed the inner palace well, but was also good at using her own advantages to influence Zhu Di. "History of the Ming Dynasty·The Biography of Queen Renxiao" says:
The king became the emperor and was registered as the queen. He said: "The north and the south fight every year, and the soldiers and the people are exhausted and should rest."
Queen Xu believed that the four consecutive years of war had made the people miserable. Now that the situation has stabilized, taxes should be reduced and exempted to allow the people to recuperate.
Not only that, Queen Xu also summoned the wives of ministers to the palace and asked them to She often advised her husband to care for the people. Empress Xu said: " When I serve the emperor in the palace day and night, I am always concerned about the livelihood of the people." "
" Mencius " says: If you succeed, you will benefit the people; if you fail to achieve your goals, you will cultivate yourself and be seen in the world.
As the mother of a country, Empress Xu can love all the people in the world, which is really a blessing for the people.
At the beginning of Zhu Di's ascension to the throne, he was very grateful to the people. Jianwen's old ministers adopted a suppressive attitude. After hearing this, Empress Xu admonished:
"At that time, all the talented people in the world were left behind by the Emperor Gao. It is not appropriate for Your Majesty to distinguish between the old and the new. "
Empress Xu means that the ministers in the court are all left by Emperor Taizu. As an emperor, you should choose talented people to govern the world instead of choosing your own cronies.
Empress Xu's words are very important to her. Zhu Di had a great influence on the famous civil servants in the early years of Yongle, such as Xie Jin, Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Hu Guang, Huang Huai, Xia Yuanji, Jin Youzi, etc. Jianwen Yichen, they were willing to work for Zhu Di, and Zhu Di fully trusted them. The team formed by these people played a very key role in Zhu Di's creation of " Yongle Shengshi ". One day, Zhu Di was busy until very late. , and even missed the time to eat. Queen Xu asked the reason, and Zhu Di said: "The Ministry of Officials selected more than 20 people to be county guards based on their qualifications today. I just looked at their resumes for a long time. "After serving Zhu Di for dinner, Queen Xu said tactfully: "I think that when choosing local officials, we should choose those who have both ability and political integrity and dare to ask for orders for the people, rather than mainly based on the official's qualifications. If you blindly rank based on seniority, it will easily lead to talents being buried. "After hearing this, Zhu Di thought it made sense. Later, Zhu Di focused on cultivating talented local officials, such as Song Li (Shanxi Press Secretary Qianshi), Jinchun (Jiangxi Chief Secretary Right Participation in Politics), Lü Zhen (Beiping Inspector Qianshi) and other famous officials of the Yongle Dynasty were promoted by Zhu Di from local officials.
Empress Xu had a profound influence on Zhu Di in these two aspects. After the death of Empress Xu, Zhu Di once recalled that the queen "does good work to assist internal governance, and reproduces and celebrates to benefit living beings." It can be seen that in Zhu Di's heart, the queen is not only his wife, but also his support for governing the country. Close partner.
There is a saying in "The University": A gentleman does not become a monk, but he teaches in the country.
It means that although a woman in feudal society does not go out all day, her good cultivation and education have a positive impact on the men in the family. Huge, Empress Xu in history is like this.
4. Kun Palace is in charge of the relatives, and the adopted daughter is Lai Xiangcheng.
In addition to being the empress of the Ming Dynasty and the wife of Zhu Di, she is also the daughter and child of the Xu family. Their mother.
After Queen Xu was canonized, she always opposed Zhu Di to reward the Xu family's children. Queen Xu's fourth brother Xu Zengshou was killed by Emperor Jianwen for passing information to Zhu Di during the Jingnan Campaign. After Zhu Di ascended the throne, he wanted to pursue the title. Xu Zengshou was a duke. When seeking Queen Xu's opinion, Queen Xu firmly disagreed, "The queen insisted that she could not ." "History of the Ming Dynasty" said:
The emperor refused to listen and actually made his son Jingchang the Duke. So he told the queen, "It's not my concubine." "Thank you in the end.
As a result, without informing Queen Xu, Zhu Di posthumously named Xu Zengshou the Duke of Dingguo, and let Xu Zengshou's son Xu Jingchang assume the title. If other queens knew that their natal nephew had been given the title, they would definitely Delighted. But after Empress Xu got the news, she did not thank Zhu Di because she believed that Zhu Di rewarded her natal family too much and violated her will.
On the New Year's Day of the first year of Yongle, the nobles went to the palace to express their gratitude. Empress Xu specially left Xu Jingchang behind and told him to abide by his duties as a relative and educate his descendants to be the pillars of the Ming Dynasty and not to have any improper thoughts. Faced with his aunt's teachings, Xu Jingchang also kept it in mind. In the late Ming Dynasty, Dingguo Gong and his family were loyal to the Zhu Ming family. Killing, Ding Guogong's lineage can be considered as living up to Queen Xu's expectations.
As a mother, Queen Xu was also very troubled about her three sons. In the second year of Yongle, the eldest son Zhu Gaochi was canonized as the prince. Empress Xu taught Zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Gaosui to take on the important responsibilities of the Fanping imperial family. In order to prevent the gap between Zhu Di and the prince, Empress Xu suggested that courtiers should also serve as assistant ministers in the East Palace. Zhu Gaosui later recalled:
Brothers (referring to Zhu Gaojiu and Zhu Gaosui) serve (Queen Xu) all day long and do not dare to cross, but listen to the lessons of their mother.
It means that although Zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Gaosui were domineering, they did not dare to go beyond the boundaries when Queen Xu was alive.
Although Queen Xu was very strict with Zhu Gaosui, when Zhu Gaosui mentioned his late mother (Queen Xu), he still said "Ju Yuzhi's kindness Haotian Wangji". According to Zhu Gaosui's recollection, when he set off for Changde, the feudal territory in the second year of Yongle, his mother, Queen Xu, bid him farewell with tears in her eyes, and the mother and son waved and wept. It can be seen that Queen Xu has a deep relationship with her children.
Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji As the eldest grandson of Zhu Di and Empress Xu, he grew up in the palace and was deeply loved by his grandmother. During the Xuande years, Zhu Zhanji paid a visit to the imperial mausoleum, but was reluctant to stay in front of the mausoleum of his grandmother, Empress Xu. He left and said to the ministers: "The emperor and his descendants have gone through many hardships together, established the country, and raised me with great love." The words were filled with a deep feeling of admiration.
In addition to raising her own three sons and four daughters, Queen Xu also raised a younger sister, who was Zhu Yuanzhang's sixteenth daughter.Princess Baoqing. When Zhu Di ascended the throne, Princess Baoqing was only eight years old. Because her mother died young, Zhu Di gave Princess Baoqing to Queen Xu to raise. Although she is a sister-in-law, Empress Xu almost treats her as a daughter. Later, Queen Xu passed away, and Princess Baoqing cried until she fainted several times. When Princess Baoqing got married, Zhu Di ordered Prince Zhu Gaochi to marry her in person, which was a great honor.
The reason why Zhu Di did this was ultimately because he loved Empress Xu. From Princess Baoqing's feelings for Empress Xu, we can see that Empress Xu not only cares about the world, but also has impeccable personal ethics.
Zhu Di once said: My good teacher and friend is also the queen.
However, what Zhu Di did not expect was that after his wife had been with him for 30 years and helped him ascend to the throne, she had only been the queen for 5 years.
5. Once upon a time, everything was difficult, but Wushan was not a cloud.
In June of the fifth year of Yongle, Empress Xu was seriously ill and couldn't afford it. The doctors took turns to diagnose and treat her, but there was still no improvement. On the one hand, Zhu Di granted amnesty to the world to pray for the empress, and on the other hand, he issued an edict to recruit famous doctors from all over the world. Enter the palace. However, it was not a holiday, and Queen Xu passed away on the fourth day of July that year. She was only 46 years old.
Before Queen Xu passed away, she said two last words. The first one was to the prince Zhu Gaochi:
In the past, the wife of the general in charge of Peking was guarding the city of Hege, and I regretted that she accompanied the emperor on his northern tour.
means that my biggest regret in this life is that I did not have the opportunity to return to Peking with the emperor (referring to Zhu Di). Back then, the women and children of Peking City defended the city with me, and I had no chance to repay or reward them. I left this matter to them. You (referring to Zhu Gaochi) did it for me.
After hearing this, Zhu Gaochi burst into tears and promised to help his mother fulfill her wish. Two years later, Zhu Di visited the north, and Zhu Gaochi stayed in the capital to supervise the country. Before Zhu Di left, Zhu Gaochi specially prepared generous gifts and money and sent people to accompany Zhu Di's car to Beijing. They were rewarded to the women, children and family members of the soldiers who guarded the city. , which can be regarded as helping my mother fulfill her wish.
It’s a pity that as the daughter of a general, Empress Xu did not forget to give back to her soldiers before her death. The daughter of Zhongshan King Xu Da truly lived up to her reputation.
The second paragraph of Queen Xu's last words was left to her husband Zhu Di. She said:
I only advise the emperor to cherish the people, seek talents, be kind to the clan, and not be arrogant to outsiders...
It means that now the world is peaceful, However, people's livelihood has not yet recovered. I hope that Your Majesty can be more considerate of the people. In addition, Your Majesty should recruit talented people and be friendly to the children of the clan. In the end, Queen Xu said that she was about to leave and could not repay Zhu Di's kindness to him. She hoped that Zhu Di would not indulge her natal family.
Zhu Di held Queen Xu's hand when she passed away. The hero of the generation actually sobbed several times, lying on the bedside crying like a child.
After Queen Xu's death, she remained in Nanjing. In February of the 11th year of Yongle, after the construction of the Changling Underground Palace was completed, Zhu Di buried Queen Xu's Zi Palace in Changling. Therefore, Queen Xu was not only the first queen buried in the Ming Tombs, but also the first person buried in the Ming Tombs.
In the following years, every time Zhu Di mentioned Empress Xu, he was filled with infinite nostalgia and sadness. After the death of Empress Xu, Zhu Di served as emperor for another 17 years, but could no longer establish a queen.
In the 22nd year of Yongle, Zhu Di died of illness in Yumuchuan on his way back from the Northern Expedition. Before his death, Zhu Di told Zhang Fu, Yang Rong and others that he and Empress Xu's Zi Palace must be combined. Sacrifice.
Yuan Zhen said: has been difficult to overcome, except for Wushan, it is not a cloud.
I think the relationship between Zhu Di and Empress Xu is probably like this.
Because of the Battle of Jingnan, many people have some prejudices against Zhu Di and those who support him. The author believes that the Battle of Jingnan was an internal struggle within the Ming Dynasty. When we evaluate Zhu Di's "usurpation" or Zhu Yunzhen's "incompetence", it does not affect the recognition of those loyal people behind them.
In other words, we cannot deny those who were loyal to Emperor Jianwen just because the Battle of Jingnan promoted the historical development of the Ming Dynasty; nor can we dismiss those who supported Zhu Di just because the Battle of Jingnan was a meaningless royal infighting. What people say is worthless. From the standpoint at that time, both Empress Xu and Zhu Di were victims of Emperor Jianwen's reduction of vassal status. As his wife, Empress Xu supported Zhu Diben, both public and private, and should be understood by future generations.
Empress Xu was married to Zhu Di for 28 years, plus the 3 years she was taught by Empress Ma, she stayed with Zhu Di for a total of 30 years. During these 30 years, she gave birth to children for Zhu Di, managed the palace for Zhu Di, guarded Peiping for Zhu Di, and helped Zhu Di govern the world. Zhu Di gave her the highest honor, and at the same time, she also set three major records: (1) the highest-born queen in the Ming Dynasty; (2) the first queen in the Ming and Qing dynasties to announce her canonization to the world alone; (3) ) was the first queen of the Ming Dynasty to enter the Ming Tombs in Tibet.
According to traditional concepts, Queen Xu is definitely the wife of a "prosperous husband". Zhu Di is truly lucky to have such a wife.
During the Yongle period, Empress Xu expanded the "Internal Training" compiled by Empress Ma to teach the concubines in the harem. At the same time, she also wrote the "Book of Encouragement" and issued it to the world to educate the people.
"Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Fourth Year of Duke Xiang": "The Supreme Leader has established virtues, followed by meritorious service, and then has established words. Although they have not been abolished for a long time, these are called the three immortals."
means the three criteria for success of ancient scholar-bureaucrats. , is to establish virtue, meritorious service and reputation.
Although Queen Xu is not a man, as a former "female student", she is also great, successful, and worthy of the respect of future generations.
