In May of this year, Sun Zhiliang, deputy director and secretary-general of Wuxi Urban and Rural Planning Committee and senior planner, his monograph "Those who have experienced it - Wuxi Landscape Urban Construction" has been officially published by Tsinghua University Press.
Eyewitness accounts - Wuxi Shanshui Urban Construction
After graduating from university in July 1983, the author was assigned to work in the Planning Department of the Wuxi Municipal Construction Bureau. He spent a full 7 years responsible for organizing the 7 divisions determined in the Wuxi City Master Plan. Surveyed the current situation and served as the project leader for the preparation of 6 zoning plans. During this period, I visited the streets, alleys, forest fields, and large and small units of Wuxi, and mastered a large number of real-time, real-life topography and spatial layout in a more specific and detailed manner, and fully accumulated knowledge of Wuxi's "living map". Based on this, an accurate current situation map and planning work map are provided for Wuxi urban planning. The author of
said in the "Preface" of the book that he retired from his current position on February 16, 2017. Looking back on my 36 years of work, most of my working time was in urban planning, construction and management. Historically, Wuxi people's dream of a landscape city, and today's historical scenes of Wuxi people's decision-making, planning and construction of a landscape city, are constantly unfolding before their eyes...
Wuxi's unique geographical and cultural advantages have inspired Wuxi people throughout the ages to dream of building a landscape city.
In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Wang Yongji, a Jinshi, lived in seclusion on the edge of Wuxi Lihu after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. With his back to the mountains of his hometown and his face to the water, he wrote "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Xishan" with his love for his hometown. The book's longing for Wuxi's landscape fills the lines. However, due to the war and the decline of people's livelihood, the beautiful dream could not be realized. was just an ancient dream of a landscape city.
In the 1920s, the industrialist Mr. Rong Desheng proposed an urban planning concept centered on Lihu Lake in "The Future of Wuxi". "Huishan and Xishan are suitable for living, while Wuli Lake , Taihu is particularly scenic. If you build a building next to the lake and open the window, you can see the lake and the sky, and the distant mountains are like white clouds. As the sun sets, you can see the red sun in the distance. , reflected in the lake, the water is calm, and the color is golden and blue. It has the interest of mountains and rivers, without the noise of the city, which can refresh people's minds and benefit people's wisdom. "The righteous deeds of modern industrialists and businessmen to benefit Sangzi are really touching, but their impact on the country is very touching. It is even more amazing to have such a conception of Wuxi Landscape City in the future! Due to historical reasons such as war, the modern dream of , a landscape city, is still difficult to realize.
In the 1950s, the municipal government invited experts from Poland and the Soviet Union to make a master plan for the city of Wuxi. Experts believe that with the advantages of the best combination of landscapes composed of Wuxi Taihu Lake, Lihu Lake, Xishan, Huishan, Hudong Shizhu, Huxi Shibawan, etc., can be compared with Switzerland's Lake Geneva , thus proposing to create an Oriental The conception of Geneva, this is a modern dream of a landscape city.
Wuxi has mountains in the city and the city is by the lake. is located within the minimum distance of 50 kilometers between Taihu Lake and the Yangtze River. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the urban area. The urban area is densely covered with large and small rivers and hills connected to the canal network. , there are many lakes, and it is best suited to build a landscape city to highlight its unique urban personality. As a person who experienced the great construction era in Wuxi at the turn of the century, my many years of work experience have made me realize more and more clearly that in the future, only cities with characteristics, personality and culture can stand among the world's famous cities.
Why did the famous scientist Qian Xuesen propose that socialist China should build landscape cities in the early 1990s?
Why did Mr. Wu Liangyong, an academician of the two academies and Wuxi , integrate "human settlement environment science" into the overall plan when guiding the revision of Wuxi's master plan, and proposed that Wuxi should build a "landscape city"?
Why the "Wuxi City Master Plan (1995-2010)" should formulate the construction model of Wuxi's landscape city, form an open, decentralized and clustered big city development pattern, and build Wuxi into a modern modern environment that harmonizes the natural environment and the artificial environment. Landscape city?
Why The first article of the "Love My Wuxi and Beautify Home" Action Plan (Wuxi Urban Construction Implementation Plan from 2002 to 2004) clearly states that the city is the home of citizens, and proposes to "gather and give full play to Wuxi's natural resources, cultural landscapes and other various Advantages, unite and mobilize the people of the city, and work together to build Wuxi into a beautiful home that people can be proud of and can call their hometown." It proposes to "shape the characteristics of the city, play the Taihu card, and sing the canal "Song, build a landscape city, highlight mountains and rivers, introduce natural scenery into the city, enhance the city's cultural taste, and create a city brand"? Propose the action content of comprehensive management of Lihu Lake and careful planning of Huishan Ancient Town ?
Why did the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress make the "Decision on Protecting Huishan and Qinglong Mountains" in July 2004? Decided to build Huishan and Qinglong Mountain into important ecological leisure tourist resorts in Wuxi?
Why should special working organizations be established at the municipal level (Lihu Office, Huishan, Qinglongshan Protection Office, Huishan Ancient Town Office) to be responsible for overall planning, coordination, and organization of the comprehensive improvement of Lihu, Huishan, and Qinglongshan and Huishan Ancient Town? Protect construction? And not at the district level?
Why should the areas along Lihu Lake, Taihu Lake, Huishan and Qinglong Mountain remain open? Why do we not first develop and build projects along the lakes and mountains? Instead, we first need to comprehensively control water and systematically control the "three chaos" (indiscriminate excavation and excavation, private burial and unauthorized construction), and integrate the city, mountains, forests, and rivers. Overall layout and overall planning and construction of lakes, farmland, wetlands, etc.?
Why should landscape city construction be integrated into cultural construction simultaneously? Rooting culture in the construction of landscape cities?
Why has the restoration of Huishan Ancient Town not yet started in 2004? It is necessary to apply for the Huishan Ancestral Hall Group to be a cultural heritage, establish an ancestral hall culture research association, formulate and issue special relocation measures for Huishan Ancient Town, and change the word "demolition" in the previous demolition measures to "relocation". "?
Why Wuxi’s successive governments have always placed important emphasis on urban environmental renovation, garden construction and restoration, cultural protection and inheritance, and improvement and enhancement of the living environment, and have successively established Wuxi as a national environmental protection model city and a national environmental protection model city. Garden city, national historical and cultural city, China’s most livable city, happiest city and national civilized city?
Wuxi Mountain is in the city, the city is by the lake, the canal passes through the city, and the culture has a long history. The author of followed the request of a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to write some history of three relatives, and explained the livable and workable Wuxi in China's economically developed areas through the three pilot demonstration zone projects of Lihu Lake, Huishan, Qinglong Mountain and Huishan Ancient Town. The background, concepts, ideas, work practices and experiences of Shanshui urban planning and construction.
is now publishing the book "Wuxi - A Landscape City Livable and Workable" (Part 1 and 2) for reference:
Part 1
Confucius said: "The benevolent man enjoys mountains, and the wise man enjoys water."
Wuxi is located in the Taihu Basin, with many rivers and rivers, winding mountains, peaks and bays; the mountains are in the city, and the city is by the lake; Xishan and Huishan are deep into the city, with the mountains facing north to south, facing Taihu Lake; the canal runs from the south Passing through the city in the north, Liangxi River connects to the canal in the east and Taihu Lake in the west; the city is close to Taihu Lake, and Taihu Lake surrounds the city. For thousands of years, Wuxi has been famous for its water and mountains. It is also the "land of bliss" for "the benevolent" and "the wise".
Wuxi has mountains and waters, integrating rivers, rivers, lakes, springs, caves and mountains. It is full of vitality, aura, famous people and a prosperous economy.With its status as the birthplace of China's national industry and commerce, the birthplace of China's township enterprises, the central city of China's most economically developed Yangtze River Delta region, one of the top ten tourist cities in the country, and a national transportation hub; with its six to seven thousand years of human life history, With more than 3,000 years of written history and more than 2,500 years of city construction, as well as the urban characteristics of cultural and natural environments such as natural landscapes, classical gardens, landscape calligraphy and painting, the advantages of building a landscape city are highlighted. The article "Building a Landscape City in Wuxi" focuses on areas with developed economy, dense urban and population density, highly urbanized areas in China but limited land carrying capacity and environmental capacity, high spatial development intensity, as well as areas with relatively underdeveloped economies but good natural and cultural environment. How to adhere to "people-oriented", correctly grasp and handle the relationship between economic growth, social development, urban construction, cultural inheritance and the protection and utilization of natural landscapes and ecological resources, realize the planning concept of "harmony between man and nature", improve the quality of the city, and build a distinctive city , Sustainable development of cities has practical guiding significance and far-reaching historical significance.
Get the aura of mountains and rivers and gather the brilliant culture
Wuxi gets the aura of mountains and rivers. The ancient history is permeated with the brilliant culture, forming a long-standing historical context. Literati and craftsmen of all ages have created countless unique poems, calligraphy, paintings and classical gardens on this land that people yearn for.
Culture is born from mountains and rivers, and history is created by mountains and rivers. Wuxi has a long history. Legend has it that as early as six or seven thousand years ago, the ancestors of Wuxi worked, lived, and multiplied on this land and lived a settled life. There are settlements of primitive clans in places such as Hongsheng Pengzu Dun, Xindu Miao Dun, Gedaiqiao'an Ji Dun and Yuqi Luhuadang. The original culture of the ancestors of Wuxi belonged to Majiabang Culture, Songze Culture and Liangzhu Culture. With their wisdom and hard work, they created and enriched the glorious ancient culture of the Taihu Lake Basin.
The recorded history of Wuxi can be traced back to the late Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. "Historical Records of Zhou Dynasty" records: "Gu Gong Danfu (King Tai of Zhou) had an eldest son named Taibo and a second son named Zhongyong. Gu Gong said: 'There should be prosperity in my world. Is it prosperous?' Taibo Bo and Zhongyong knew that Gu Gong wanted to establish Jili to spread prosperity, but they both died like Jingman, with their tattoos and hair cut off so that Jili could fulfill their father's wish. Taibo and Zhongyong went to the land of Jingman in the south of the Yangtze River to fulfill their father's wish. He came to the Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu and settled in Meili, Wuxi (now Meicun, Wuxi) (Figure 1-1).
With such a huge territory, why did Taibo and Zhongyong choose Meili, Wuxi, Jiangnan to go south and integrate with the original ancestors of the local Jingman land? Is it a coincidence? Or do you love Jiangnan landscape and nature? Although we don’t know, from the fact that they led the primitive ancestors to reclaim wasteland, practice farming, refine sea salt, and make pottery and copper in Meili, we can infer that King Taibo of Wu took a fancy to the superior geographical environment and mountainous resources of Wuxi in the south of the Yangtze River. Settlement - The crisscrossing rivers are conducive to agricultural irrigation, the undulating hills are conducive to the growth of a variety of organisms, the clay in the hills is conducive to pottery making, the underground mineral resources are conducive to smelting, and the vast fertile land is conducive to survival. They "crossed Hudu to prepare for droughts and floods". In order to irrigate and drain floods, they dug the first artificial river in Chinese history - the Bodu River in Wuxi. It has a history of 3,200 years and was the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty. The predecessor of Sunan segment. The Bodu River flows through Fangqian, Meicun, and Dangkou to Caohu, with a total length of 43 kilometers. In addition to being used for farmland irrigation and flood discharge, the Bodu River was also the main water transportation channel at that time. It also had nine branches, which were changed from "blocking to dredging". When King Helu of Wu attacked Chu, and Fu Chai went north to attack Qi, they both used the Bodu River as an important route (Figure 1-2).
King Taibo of Wu recruited soldiers in Meili, Wuxi, opened up territory, and finally established the Gou Kingdom of Wu. King Taibo of Wu educated the people of Wu with Zhou Yuan civilization, and Wuxi became one of the birthplaces of Jiangnan civilization.
During the Warring States Period, Chu Chunshenjun Huang Xie (314 BC - 238 BC, Figure 1-3), during the 11 years he was in charge of the fiefdom of Wuxu, he presided over the dredging of Anhui Wuhu , Qingyi River, Shuiyang River, Zhejiang Tiaoxi, Yunxi, Pinghutang, Yanjiatang and other irrigation channels from East Taihu Lake to Zhapu Port, the Dongjiang, Loujiang and Wusongjiang rivers in southern Jiangsu and Shanghai, widening the southern Jiangsu section of the ancient canal built by King Wu Fucha, and opening Excavate Shengang, Huangtian Port, Wangyu River, Liuhe, Desheng River, Taohua Port, Yuanhetang, etc. that connect to the Yangtze River; excavate or widen or revise Hexi and Biandan Rivers that connect to Tao Lake, Gehu, and Taihu Lake , Zhihu Port, Shaoxiang River and other countless small river ports, widen and deepen the Taipu River from the east of Taihu Lake to the Huangpu River and connect to the East China Sea, so that the Yangtze River Delta and the fertile southern plains of the Yangtze River Delta can be connected with rivers and lakes. The Wuxi Pond was built at the foot of Huishan Mountain to control Wuxi Lake, forming a turtle-like water grid layout in the old urban area of Wuxi, which not only solved waterlogging, irrigated farmland, and facilitated water transportation. History has proven that Chun Shenjun was "the first to release water and control the lake". "Yue Jueshu" testifies: "Wu Xicang was built by Chun Shenjun. Xicang was named Junshu, and Dongcang was one mile and eight steps away." "Wu City was built by Chun Shenjun, and the two cities were called the city." It reflects that agriculture and handicraft production in Wudi had developed considerably at that time. "Changzhou Fu" records: "The Longwei Mausoleum Road was recorded in Wuxi, and Chunshenjun was granted the title. He opened this road to belong to the city." Chunshenjun controlled water and built roads in Wuxi and surrounding areas, and built mausoleum roads, which made Wuxi prosperous. The characteristics of Wuxi Jiangnan Water Town have become more apparent with economic development (Figure 1-4).
"Wuxi", as the name of a first-level state and county administrative region, was first officially mentioned in "Hanshu Geography". In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), a county system was established and named Wuxi County.
Wuxi has the aura of mountains and rivers, and its ancient history is permeated with brilliant culture, forming a long-standing historical context. Literati and craftsmen of the past dynasties have created countless unique poems, calligraphy, paintings and classical gardens on this land that people yearn for.
Chinese landscape painting is not lacking in the historical context of Wuxi. Among the top ten painters in ancient China, Wuxi has two. They used natural landscapes as the background to express their feelings through paintings, expressing their love for the landscapes of their hometown.
Gu Kaizhi (348-409), a native of Wuxi, was a great painter and writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was the first of the top ten painters in ancient China. He was called the most talented, the most beautiful, and the most crazy artist at that time. One of the originators of ink painting, he has painted many paintings, including "Portrait of King Sima Xuan", "Roading Picture", "Wild Geese and Water Birds", "Shuifu Picture", "Three Dragons Walking", "Xia Yu Flood Control Picture" and dozens of other paintings. Among them, the most famous "Luo Shen Fu Tu" is one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings handed down from China" (Figure 1-5). The spatial charm of his paintings lies in the distance of mountains and rivers, the flow of streams, the distribution and separation of trees and rocks, and has become a treasure in the treasure house of ancient painting art in China and the world.
Ni Zan (1301-1374), a native of Wuxi, was a representative painter of landscape paintings in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Together with Gu Kaizhi, he was one of the top ten painters in ancient China. He created a generation of ink landscape painting style, together with Huang Gongwang and Wuzhen , Wang Meng is known as the "Four Yuan Schools" (Figure 1-6). Most of his works depict landscapes and scenery around Taihu Lake. The handed down paintings include "Bamboo Dwelling in the Water", "Rong Xi Zhai", "Yushan Forest Valley", "Young Stream with Cold Pines", etc. He wrote a poem on the landscape paintings depicting his hometown of Wuxi: "Mountain The color is dim and it is easy to put the boat on, and the autumn wild water is beside the sunset. The west wind sprinkles wild cattails with rain, and the sand gulls sleep peacefully, showing the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers. His simple and sparse landscape painting style had a huge influence on Ming and Qing painters. The British Encyclopedia Britannica listed him as a world cultural celebrity.
Wang Fu (1362-1416), a native of Wuxi, was a great painter in the early Ming Dynasty and a pioneer of the Wu School. He is good at painting landscapes, wood, rocks, and ink bamboo. Relying on the beautiful scenery of Wuxi's mountains and rivers, his ink bamboo paintings are famous all over the world. His surviving paintings include "Ink Bamboo Picture", "Bamboo and Crane Two Clear Pictures", "Autumn Intention of Xiaoxiang", "Rivers and Mountains Fishing and Joy", " "Shanting Wenhui Picture" and "Withered Wood, Bamboo and Stone Picture" (Pictures 1-7), etc.
In May of this year, Sun Zhiliang, deputy director and secretary-general of Wuxi Urban and Rural Planning Committee and senior planner, his monograph "Those who have experienced it - Wuxi Landscape Urban Construction" has been officially published by Tsinghua University Press.
Eyewitness accounts - Wuxi Shanshui Urban Construction
After graduating from university in July 1983, the author was assigned to work in the Planning Department of the Wuxi Municipal Construction Bureau. He spent a full 7 years responsible for organizing the 7 divisions determined in the Wuxi City Master Plan. Surveyed the current situation and served as the project leader for the preparation of 6 zoning plans. During this period, I visited the streets, alleys, forest fields, and large and small units of Wuxi, and mastered a large number of real-time, real-life topography and spatial layout in a more specific and detailed manner, and fully accumulated knowledge of Wuxi's "living map". Based on this, an accurate current situation map and planning work map are provided for Wuxi urban planning. The author of
said in the "Preface" of the book that he retired from his current position on February 16, 2017. Looking back on my 36 years of work, most of my working time was in urban planning, construction and management. Historically, Wuxi people's dream of a landscape city, and today's historical scenes of Wuxi people's decision-making, planning and construction of a landscape city, are constantly unfolding before their eyes...
Wuxi's unique geographical and cultural advantages have inspired Wuxi people throughout the ages to dream of building a landscape city.
In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Wang Yongji, a Jinshi, lived in seclusion on the edge of Wuxi Lihu after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. With his back to the mountains of his hometown and his face to the water, he wrote "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Xishan" with his love for his hometown. The book's longing for Wuxi's landscape fills the lines. However, due to the war and the decline of people's livelihood, the beautiful dream could not be realized. was just an ancient dream of a landscape city.
In the 1920s, the industrialist Mr. Rong Desheng proposed an urban planning concept centered on Lihu Lake in "The Future of Wuxi". "Huishan and Xishan are suitable for living, while Wuli Lake , Taihu is particularly scenic. If you build a building next to the lake and open the window, you can see the lake and the sky, and the distant mountains are like white clouds. As the sun sets, you can see the red sun in the distance. , reflected in the lake, the water is calm, and the color is golden and blue. It has the interest of mountains and rivers, without the noise of the city, which can refresh people's minds and benefit people's wisdom. "The righteous deeds of modern industrialists and businessmen to benefit Sangzi are really touching, but their impact on the country is very touching. It is even more amazing to have such a conception of Wuxi Landscape City in the future! Due to historical reasons such as war, the modern dream of , a landscape city, is still difficult to realize.
In the 1950s, the municipal government invited experts from Poland and the Soviet Union to make a master plan for the city of Wuxi. Experts believe that with the advantages of the best combination of landscapes composed of Wuxi Taihu Lake, Lihu Lake, Xishan, Huishan, Hudong Shizhu, Huxi Shibawan, etc., can be compared with Switzerland's Lake Geneva , thus proposing to create an Oriental The conception of Geneva, this is a modern dream of a landscape city.
Wuxi has mountains in the city and the city is by the lake. is located within the minimum distance of 50 kilometers between Taihu Lake and the Yangtze River. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the urban area. The urban area is densely covered with large and small rivers and hills connected to the canal network. , there are many lakes, and it is best suited to build a landscape city to highlight its unique urban personality. As a person who experienced the great construction era in Wuxi at the turn of the century, my many years of work experience have made me realize more and more clearly that in the future, only cities with characteristics, personality and culture can stand among the world's famous cities.
Why did the famous scientist Qian Xuesen propose that socialist China should build landscape cities in the early 1990s?
Why did Mr. Wu Liangyong, an academician of the two academies and Wuxi , integrate "human settlement environment science" into the overall plan when guiding the revision of Wuxi's master plan, and proposed that Wuxi should build a "landscape city"?
Why the "Wuxi City Master Plan (1995-2010)" should formulate the construction model of Wuxi's landscape city, form an open, decentralized and clustered big city development pattern, and build Wuxi into a modern modern environment that harmonizes the natural environment and the artificial environment. Landscape city?
Why The first article of the "Love My Wuxi and Beautify Home" Action Plan (Wuxi Urban Construction Implementation Plan from 2002 to 2004) clearly states that the city is the home of citizens, and proposes to "gather and give full play to Wuxi's natural resources, cultural landscapes and other various Advantages, unite and mobilize the people of the city, and work together to build Wuxi into a beautiful home that people can be proud of and can call their hometown." It proposes to "shape the characteristics of the city, play the Taihu card, and sing the canal "Song, build a landscape city, highlight mountains and rivers, introduce natural scenery into the city, enhance the city's cultural taste, and create a city brand"? Propose the action content of comprehensive management of Lihu Lake and careful planning of Huishan Ancient Town ?
Why did the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress make the "Decision on Protecting Huishan and Qinglong Mountains" in July 2004? Decided to build Huishan and Qinglong Mountain into important ecological leisure tourist resorts in Wuxi?
Why should special working organizations be established at the municipal level (Lihu Office, Huishan, Qinglongshan Protection Office, Huishan Ancient Town Office) to be responsible for overall planning, coordination, and organization of the comprehensive improvement of Lihu, Huishan, and Qinglongshan and Huishan Ancient Town? Protect construction? And not at the district level?
Why should the areas along Lihu Lake, Taihu Lake, Huishan and Qinglong Mountain remain open? Why do we not first develop and build projects along the lakes and mountains? Instead, we first need to comprehensively control water and systematically control the "three chaos" (indiscriminate excavation and excavation, private burial and unauthorized construction), and integrate the city, mountains, forests, and rivers. Overall layout and overall planning and construction of lakes, farmland, wetlands, etc.?
Why should landscape city construction be integrated into cultural construction simultaneously? Rooting culture in the construction of landscape cities?
Why has the restoration of Huishan Ancient Town not yet started in 2004? It is necessary to apply for the Huishan Ancestral Hall Group to be a cultural heritage, establish an ancestral hall culture research association, formulate and issue special relocation measures for Huishan Ancient Town, and change the word "demolition" in the previous demolition measures to "relocation". "?
Why Wuxi’s successive governments have always placed important emphasis on urban environmental renovation, garden construction and restoration, cultural protection and inheritance, and improvement and enhancement of the living environment, and have successively established Wuxi as a national environmental protection model city and a national environmental protection model city. Garden city, national historical and cultural city, China’s most livable city, happiest city and national civilized city?
Wuxi Mountain is in the city, the city is by the lake, the canal passes through the city, and the culture has a long history. The author of followed the request of a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to write some history of three relatives, and explained the livable and workable Wuxi in China's economically developed areas through the three pilot demonstration zone projects of Lihu Lake, Huishan, Qinglong Mountain and Huishan Ancient Town. The background, concepts, ideas, work practices and experiences of Shanshui urban planning and construction.
is now publishing the book "Wuxi - A Landscape City Livable and Workable" (Part 1 and 2) for reference:
Part 1
Confucius said: "The benevolent man enjoys mountains, and the wise man enjoys water."
Wuxi is located in the Taihu Basin, with many rivers and rivers, winding mountains, peaks and bays; the mountains are in the city, and the city is by the lake; Xishan and Huishan are deep into the city, with the mountains facing north to south, facing Taihu Lake; the canal runs from the south Passing through the city in the north, Liangxi River connects to the canal in the east and Taihu Lake in the west; the city is close to Taihu Lake, and Taihu Lake surrounds the city. For thousands of years, Wuxi has been famous for its water and mountains. It is also the "land of bliss" for "the benevolent" and "the wise".
Wuxi has mountains and waters, integrating rivers, rivers, lakes, springs, caves and mountains. It is full of vitality, aura, famous people and a prosperous economy.With its status as the birthplace of China's national industry and commerce, the birthplace of China's township enterprises, the central city of China's most economically developed Yangtze River Delta region, one of the top ten tourist cities in the country, and a national transportation hub; with its six to seven thousand years of human life history, With more than 3,000 years of written history and more than 2,500 years of city construction, as well as the urban characteristics of cultural and natural environments such as natural landscapes, classical gardens, landscape calligraphy and painting, the advantages of building a landscape city are highlighted. The article "Building a Landscape City in Wuxi" focuses on areas with developed economy, dense urban and population density, highly urbanized areas in China but limited land carrying capacity and environmental capacity, high spatial development intensity, as well as areas with relatively underdeveloped economies but good natural and cultural environment. How to adhere to "people-oriented", correctly grasp and handle the relationship between economic growth, social development, urban construction, cultural inheritance and the protection and utilization of natural landscapes and ecological resources, realize the planning concept of "harmony between man and nature", improve the quality of the city, and build a distinctive city , Sustainable development of cities has practical guiding significance and far-reaching historical significance.
Get the aura of mountains and rivers and gather the brilliant culture
Wuxi gets the aura of mountains and rivers. The ancient history is permeated with the brilliant culture, forming a long-standing historical context. Literati and craftsmen of all ages have created countless unique poems, calligraphy, paintings and classical gardens on this land that people yearn for.
Culture is born from mountains and rivers, and history is created by mountains and rivers. Wuxi has a long history. Legend has it that as early as six or seven thousand years ago, the ancestors of Wuxi worked, lived, and multiplied on this land and lived a settled life. There are settlements of primitive clans in places such as Hongsheng Pengzu Dun, Xindu Miao Dun, Gedaiqiao'an Ji Dun and Yuqi Luhuadang. The original culture of the ancestors of Wuxi belonged to Majiabang Culture, Songze Culture and Liangzhu Culture. With their wisdom and hard work, they created and enriched the glorious ancient culture of the Taihu Lake Basin.
The recorded history of Wuxi can be traced back to the late Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. "Historical Records of Zhou Dynasty" records: "Gu Gong Danfu (King Tai of Zhou) had an eldest son named Taibo and a second son named Zhongyong. Gu Gong said: 'There should be prosperity in my world. Is it prosperous?' Taibo Bo and Zhongyong knew that Gu Gong wanted to establish Jili to spread prosperity, but they both died like Jingman, with their tattoos and hair cut off so that Jili could fulfill their father's wish. Taibo and Zhongyong went to the land of Jingman in the south of the Yangtze River to fulfill their father's wish. He came to the Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu and settled in Meili, Wuxi (now Meicun, Wuxi) (Figure 1-1).
With such a huge territory, why did Taibo and Zhongyong choose Meili, Wuxi, Jiangnan to go south and integrate with the original ancestors of the local Jingman land? Is it a coincidence? Or do you love Jiangnan landscape and nature? Although we don’t know, from the fact that they led the primitive ancestors to reclaim wasteland, practice farming, refine sea salt, and make pottery and copper in Meili, we can infer that King Taibo of Wu took a fancy to the superior geographical environment and mountainous resources of Wuxi in the south of the Yangtze River. Settlement - The crisscrossing rivers are conducive to agricultural irrigation, the undulating hills are conducive to the growth of a variety of organisms, the clay in the hills is conducive to pottery making, the underground mineral resources are conducive to smelting, and the vast fertile land is conducive to survival. They "crossed Hudu to prepare for droughts and floods". In order to irrigate and drain floods, they dug the first artificial river in Chinese history - the Bodu River in Wuxi. It has a history of 3,200 years and was the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty. The predecessor of Sunan segment. The Bodu River flows through Fangqian, Meicun, and Dangkou to Caohu, with a total length of 43 kilometers. In addition to being used for farmland irrigation and flood discharge, the Bodu River was also the main water transportation channel at that time. It also had nine branches, which were changed from "blocking to dredging". When King Helu of Wu attacked Chu, and Fu Chai went north to attack Qi, they both used the Bodu River as an important route (Figure 1-2).
King Taibo of Wu recruited soldiers in Meili, Wuxi, opened up territory, and finally established the Gou Kingdom of Wu. King Taibo of Wu educated the people of Wu with Zhou Yuan civilization, and Wuxi became one of the birthplaces of Jiangnan civilization.
During the Warring States Period, Chu Chunshenjun Huang Xie (314 BC - 238 BC, Figure 1-3), during the 11 years he was in charge of the fiefdom of Wuxu, he presided over the dredging of Anhui Wuhu , Qingyi River, Shuiyang River, Zhejiang Tiaoxi, Yunxi, Pinghutang, Yanjiatang and other irrigation channels from East Taihu Lake to Zhapu Port, the Dongjiang, Loujiang and Wusongjiang rivers in southern Jiangsu and Shanghai, widening the southern Jiangsu section of the ancient canal built by King Wu Fucha, and opening Excavate Shengang, Huangtian Port, Wangyu River, Liuhe, Desheng River, Taohua Port, Yuanhetang, etc. that connect to the Yangtze River; excavate or widen or revise Hexi and Biandan Rivers that connect to Tao Lake, Gehu, and Taihu Lake , Zhihu Port, Shaoxiang River and other countless small river ports, widen and deepen the Taipu River from the east of Taihu Lake to the Huangpu River and connect to the East China Sea, so that the Yangtze River Delta and the fertile southern plains of the Yangtze River Delta can be connected with rivers and lakes. The Wuxi Pond was built at the foot of Huishan Mountain to control Wuxi Lake, forming a turtle-like water grid layout in the old urban area of Wuxi, which not only solved waterlogging, irrigated farmland, and facilitated water transportation. History has proven that Chun Shenjun was "the first to release water and control the lake". "Yue Jueshu" testifies: "Wu Xicang was built by Chun Shenjun. Xicang was named Junshu, and Dongcang was one mile and eight steps away." "Wu City was built by Chun Shenjun, and the two cities were called the city." It reflects that agriculture and handicraft production in Wudi had developed considerably at that time. "Changzhou Fu" records: "The Longwei Mausoleum Road was recorded in Wuxi, and Chunshenjun was granted the title. He opened this road to belong to the city." Chunshenjun controlled water and built roads in Wuxi and surrounding areas, and built mausoleum roads, which made Wuxi prosperous. The characteristics of Wuxi Jiangnan Water Town have become more apparent with economic development (Figure 1-4).
"Wuxi", as the name of a first-level state and county administrative region, was first officially mentioned in "Hanshu Geography". In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), a county system was established and named Wuxi County.
Wuxi has the aura of mountains and rivers, and its ancient history is permeated with brilliant culture, forming a long-standing historical context. Literati and craftsmen of the past dynasties have created countless unique poems, calligraphy, paintings and classical gardens on this land that people yearn for.
Chinese landscape painting is not lacking in the historical context of Wuxi. Among the top ten painters in ancient China, Wuxi has two. They used natural landscapes as the background to express their feelings through paintings, expressing their love for the landscapes of their hometown.
Gu Kaizhi (348-409), a native of Wuxi, was a great painter and writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was the first of the top ten painters in ancient China. He was called the most talented, the most beautiful, and the most crazy artist at that time. One of the originators of ink painting, he has painted many paintings, including "Portrait of King Sima Xuan", "Roading Picture", "Wild Geese and Water Birds", "Shuifu Picture", "Three Dragons Walking", "Xia Yu Flood Control Picture" and dozens of other paintings. Among them, the most famous "Luo Shen Fu Tu" is one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings handed down from China" (Figure 1-5). The spatial charm of his paintings lies in the distance of mountains and rivers, the flow of streams, the distribution and separation of trees and rocks, and has become a treasure in the treasure house of ancient painting art in China and the world.
Ni Zan (1301-1374), a native of Wuxi, was a representative painter of landscape paintings in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Together with Gu Kaizhi, he was one of the top ten painters in ancient China. He created a generation of ink landscape painting style, together with Huang Gongwang and Wuzhen , Wang Meng is known as the "Four Yuan Schools" (Figure 1-6). Most of his works depict landscapes and scenery around Taihu Lake. The handed down paintings include "Bamboo Dwelling in the Water", "Rong Xi Zhai", "Yushan Forest Valley", "Young Stream with Cold Pines", etc. He wrote a poem on the landscape paintings depicting his hometown of Wuxi: "Mountain The color is dim and it is easy to put the boat on, and the autumn wild water is beside the sunset. The west wind sprinkles wild cattails with rain, and the sand gulls sleep peacefully, showing the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers. His simple and sparse landscape painting style had a huge influence on Ming and Qing painters. The British Encyclopedia Britannica listed him as a world cultural celebrity.
Wang Fu (1362-1416), a native of Wuxi, was a great painter in the early Ming Dynasty and a pioneer of the Wu School. He is good at painting landscapes, wood, rocks, and ink bamboo. Relying on the beautiful scenery of Wuxi's mountains and rivers, his ink bamboo paintings are famous all over the world. His surviving paintings include "Ink Bamboo Picture", "Bamboo and Crane Two Clear Pictures", "Autumn Intention of Xiaoxiang", "Rivers and Mountains Fishing and Joy", " "Shanting Wenhui Picture" and "Withered Wood, Bamboo and Stone Picture" (Pictures 1-7), etc.He was good at painting and poetry, and was known as "the best in the Ming Dynasty". In the first year of Yongle (1403), he participated in the compilation of "Yongle Dadian"...
In addition, Wuxi also produced many calligraphy and painting masters and paintings in modern times, including "Jiangnan" Wu Guandai, who is known as the "old painter", has his "Small Waves Stop Fishing" and "River Sail", Hu Tinglu, who is highly respected and well-known in Shanghai and Ningbo, has his "Eight Scenes of Liangxi", and He Tianjian, who is unique in the painting world, has his "Landscapes of He Tianjian" "Album", Qin Guliu's "Ancient Wood Jackdaw" and a large number of outstanding painters and landscape paintings such as Zhu Jianqiu, Qian Shotie, Qian Songyan, Yin Shoushi, Wu Guanzhong , Zhou Huaimin .
Chinese classical poetry has many creators in the long history of Wuxi. There are many poems and lyrics written by famous literary masters in the past dynasties praising Wuxi's landscape.
"Who can store thirty thousand hectares in his chest, I want to travel to the seventy peaks" - "Taihu Lake" by Wen Zhengming of the Ming Dynasty , which vividly conveys the characteristics of Wuxi's landscape and city (Figure 1-8).
"Taihu Lake"
The islands are vertical and horizontal in the mirror,
the wet silver plate is soaked with purple hibiscus.
Who can store thirty thousand hectares in his chest?
I want to travel to the seventy peaks.
The sky is far away and the great waves turn over the sun and the moon.
The spring is cold and the country hides its fish and dragons. The middle stream of
is like smelling chickens and dogs, but
can't follow Fan Li's footsteps.
Li Shen (772-846), prime minister and poet of the Tang Dynasty. When he was studying at Huishan Temple, he was well aware of the suffering of farmers and wrote two representative works, "Compassion for the Farmers", which have been passed down from generation to generation.
Two poems "Compassion for the Farmers" (Part 2)
It is noon on the day of hoeing,
sweat drips from the hay to the soil,
Who knows how hard it is to plate a Chinese meal,
every grain of it.
Bai Juyi (772-846), a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's "Taihu Stones" depicts the artistic conception of the Taihu stones, which are exquisite, clear and varied. Taihu stone is widely used in Jiangnan gardens and is the finishing touch in Jiangnan garden construction (Figure 1-9).
"Taihu Stone"
Smoky green and three autumn colors, with eternal traces of waves.
Cut into sapphire pieces and cut off the green cloud root.
The atmosphere flows through the cave, and the moss protects the cave door.
The three peaks are actually small and should be the grandson of Huashan.
Su Shi (1037-1101), known as Dongpo Jushi, known as Su Dongpo in the world, was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. In his early years, Su Shi served as an official in Hangzhou, Huzhou and other places. In his poem in the second year of Yuanfeng, he said, "In the past, I was Qiantang, and I never went to Wuxi without going to Huishan." This shows that he had a special liking for Huishan. The work "Huishan Visits Qian Taoist Cooks Xiaolong Tuan and Climbs to the Peak to View Taihu Lake", draws the spring water for making tea from Xiaolong Tuan, a royal tribute tea in the Song Dynasty - Huishan spring water is the second best in the world, and then praises "Mingyue Pine" from the beautiful mountains and clear waters where the spring is located. The beautiful scenery of "clear spring stone flowing upstream" is illuminated from time to time (Figure 1-10).
"Huishan visits Taoist Qian, cooks Xiaolong dumplings and climbs to the top to look at Taihu Lake"
Traveling all over the Nan'an Mountains in the south of the Yangtze River, you can't help but linger even more when you encounter them.
brings the small moon in the sky alone to test the second spring in the world.
The stone road lingers back to Jiulong Ridge, and the water light turns the five lakes and the sky.
Sun Deng returned home speechless, and the sound of pines in the middle of the mountain could be heard throughout the valley.
Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. The poem "A Boat Crossing the Lake" has fresh, fluent, euphemistic and plain language, and describes the beautiful scenery of the winding mountains and different peaks seen when the boat is crossing Tai Lake (Figure 1-11).
"Boat Crossing the Lake"
The mountains are so beautiful that you can see them all day long.
The peaks and mountains are changed everywhere, unknown to travelers.
You Kuang (1127-1194), a famous poet and bibliophile in the Southern Song Dynasty. His grandfather You Shen and his father You Shixiang were both good at history and poetry. Influenced by family studies since childhood, he could write poems at the age of five. He was known as a child prodigy at the age of ten. At the age of fifteen, he was famous in Bijun (now Changzhou, Wuxi at that time was Piling) for his poetry. You Miao's collected works, according to the "Song History", there are fifty volumes of "Liangxi Collection", etc., but they are all lost early. You Dong, a man of the Qing Dynasty, compiled 47 ancient and modern poems by You Miao and 26 essays into two volumes, called "Liangxi Posthumous Manuscripts".
"Auspicious Partridge"
On the west bank of Liangxi River and east of the small bridge, the fallen leaves reflected the water in the sky.
In the midst of the five nights of guest sorrow, the sound of the Spring Festival trumpet is heard.
Where is the jade tree man after the song is gone? The fragrant song is not over yet when the dance breaks through the mountains.
But I recall the drunken way home from the lonely mountain, the fragrant snow of horseshoes lined with the east wind.
Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), a famous calligrapher and painter in the early Yuan Dynasty, often traveled between Hangzhou and Wuxi. He also wrote "The Second Spring in the World" and composed poems specifically for Huishan Spring. The poem "Bodu at Night" describes the wonderful night view of the Bodu River in the hazy night, with the shadows of lights and moon reflecting each other, the sound of fishermen singing in the sparkling water, and the lights of thousands of houses.
"Night Bodu Bodu"
Autumn is full of Bodu River in Liangxi, and everyone is wandering alone and leisurely.
Looking for things about Wu in the Pingxu area, and there are wine boats on the Meili River.
By the bridge, the willows are shaking, the lights are in chaos, and the moonlight is hanging in the middle of the river.
When dawn comes, I don’t send anyone to urge me to return home. I like to listen to fishermen’s songs spread everywhere.
Hua Shu, a native of Wuxi in the Ming Dynasty, compared Wuxi Lihu Lake with Hangzhou West Lake in "Ode to Wuli Lake" (Figure 1-12), believing that Lihu Lake is "famous for its openness, ease, wildness and desolation. It’s more pleasing to the eye and refreshing to the soul.”
"Ode to Wuli Lake"
The West Lake is won by beauty, beauty, tenderness, gardens,
embankments, bridges, pavilions, ancestral tombs, battlements, peaches and willows,
songs and dances, such as What a beauty!
Wuli Lake is vast, old, relaxed, wild, and blue
cool, so chivalrous! And in the snow, in the moon, in the long wind and light mist, the eyes are happy and the gods are refreshed!
There are also "Poems of Expression" by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Two Poems of Crossing Taihu Lake" by Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty, "Waterwheels on Wuxi Road" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Two Poems on Crossing the Taihu Lake" by Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty. There are countless ancient poems such as "Spring Rise of Taihu Lake" by Zhan Zhan, "Pan Taihu Lake" by Tang Yin of the Ming Dynasty, and "Five Mile Lakes" by Wang Yongji of the Ming Dynasty, which vividly describe the beautiful scenery of Wuxi's mountains, waters, lakes and rivers.
Wuxi has a gathering of celebrities, and it can be said that the soil and water support the people. The green mountains and green waters nourish the people of Wuxi and breed countless literati with lofty ideals and ancient and modern wisdom.
In addition to the aforementioned ancient painters Gu Kaizhi, Ni Zan, and Wang Fu, and ancient writers Li Shen and You Miao, there are also talented people with lofty ideals from all dynasties, whose literary and military skills are proud of the earth.
Li Gang (1083-1140), Mr. Liangxi, a native of Wuxi, one of the "Four Ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty" and a hero in the fight against the Jin Dynasty. Li Gangneng wrote many patriotic chapters in his poems and essays. He is also able to write poems, and his historical works have vivid and vivid images and a vigorous and vigorous style. He is the author of 180 volumes of "Jingkang Biography", "Liangxi Ci" and "Liangxi Complete Works".
Gu Xiancheng (1550-1612), a native of Wuxi, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty and the leader of the Donglin Party, was honored as "Mr. Donglin" because he founded Donglin Academy. The famous couplet of Donglin Academy: "The sound of wind and rain and the sound of reading can be heard in my ears, and I am concerned about family affairs, national affairs, and everything in the world" was written by him (Figure 1-13). The "Eight Gentlemen of Donglin" headed by Gu Xiancheng have been teaching at Donglin Academy for more than 20 years. Their purpose was to criticize government corruption, criticize court policies, care about social issues, and care about people's lives, and played an important role in the political process of the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Xiake (1587-1641, Figure 1-14), a native of Jiangyin, Wuxi, was a geographer, traveler and writer in the Ming Dynasty. He was the author of the famous geographical book "The Travels of Xu Xiake". He was known as "a strange man through the ages". Xu Xiake's ambitions were all over his life, and his footprints spanned 21 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions today. "Experience what others have not reached, explore what is unknown", record the observed various phenomena, humanities, geography, animals and plants, etc. The 600,000-word "Xu Xiake's Travels", which he compiled after 30 years of investigation, opened up a new direction in geography to systematically observe and describe nature, and has far-reaching influence at home and abroad. The opening day of "Xu Xiake's Travels" (May 19) is designated as China Tourism Day.
Hengtang Tuishi (1711-1778) was born in Wuxi. His original name was Sun Zhu, with the courtesy name Linxi and Qinxi. His later nickname was Hengtang Tuishi.The "Three Hundred Tang Poems" (Figure 1-15) compiled by him is by far the most widely circulated and influential anthology of all Chinese literary works. sexual effect. "Three Hundred Tang Poems" contains 77 poems, a total of 313 poems. Du Fu has the largest number of poems with 38 poems, followed by Wang Wei with 29 poems, Li Bai with 27 poems, and Li Shangyin with 22 poems. Hengtang Tuishi was also a well-known upright official. He served as county magistrate in many places. "Every time he left for office, the people would climb the pillars and weep to see him off."
Xue Fucheng (1838-1894), a native of Wuxi, was a modern essayist, diplomat, one of the main leaders of the Westernization Movement, and the initiator of capitalist industry and commerce. He wrote a lot throughout his life, including four volumes of "Yong'an Wenbian", two volumes of "Sequel", and four volumes of "Waibian". His "Diary of an Envoy" and its sequels have been compiled into the "Going to the World Series" and have had a huge impact on social progress in politics, ideology, military, diplomacy, taxation, and literature.
Wuxi’s literary talents are as bright as stars. In modern times, there are Yan Shengsun, a literary poet in the early Qing Dynasty, great poets Chen Weisong, Gu Zhenguan, etc., and famous writers Liu Bannong and Hu Shanyuan from Jiangyin, Wuxi, who wrote the modern literary classic " Qian Zhongshu, a famous scholar and writer from Wuxi, such as "Fortress Besieged".
In terms of science and technology, Wuxi’s talents also attract the world’s attention. Xu Shou, who is known as the pioneer of modern chemistry in my country, Hua Hengfang, who made outstanding contributions to the development of modern mathematics, Hu Yuren, a famous educator, water conservancy scientist, and pioneer of modern science and education civilization, is one of the founders of mechanics, applied mathematics, and Chinese informatics in my country. Qian Weichang, theoretical physicist, fluid mechanics and educator Zhou Peiyuan, computer expert Wang Xuan known as contemporary Bi Sheng, and robotics expert Jiang Xinsong are all outstanding figures from Wuxi in my country's scientific and technological circles.
In the social sciences, Sun Yuxiu, the bibliographer and children's literature writer, Ding Fubao, the linguist, translator, and medical scientist, Miao Quansun, the famous scholar, bibliophile, and collationist, Qian Mu, the master of Chinese studies, and Tang Wenzhi, the pioneer of modern education , Yu Qingtang, the pioneer of social education, the famous educator Jiang Nanxiang, the famous scientist and educator Gu Yuxiu, etc. are all nationally renowned masters. There also emerged a group of economists represented by Chen Hansheng, Sun Yefang, and Xue Muqiao.
Politicians and revolutionaries Qin Bangxian, Wang Kunlun, Lu Dingyi, Vice President Rong Yiren, and industrialists such as Yang Zonglian, Yang Zonghan, Rong Zongjing, Rong Desheng, Zhu Dachun, Zhou Shunqing, Tang Baoqian, Xue Nanming also appeared in Wuxi. .
Wuxi is also the hometown of ethnic and folk music. Folk music Jiangnan Sizhu is very popular in Wuxi. Taoist music is also very famous. Hua Qiuping, a musician from Wuxi who published the first official collection of pipa music scores, made a huge contribution to the collection, revision, arrangement and dissemination of Chinese folk music. Musician Liu Tianhua from Jiangyin, Wuxi is a rising star in the national music scene in the 20th century. His works such as "Good Night", "Birds on the Empty Mountain", "Moonlight Night", "Yin in Sickness", "Song and Dance", etc. have all become popular and handed down famous songs. Another superstar in the national music scene is Hua Yanjun, who composed one of the world's top ten famous songs, "Two Springs Reflect the Moon," and is commonly known as "Blind Man Bing" (Figure 1-16). His composition "Two Springs Reflect the Moon" is an immortal song. He also composed the erhu music "Listening to the Pine", "Cold Spring Wind" and the pipa music "Dragon Boat", "Big Waves Washing the Sand", " Zhaojun Goes Out of the Fortress" and other famous songs. In addition, Yang Yinliu, who organized the rescue of Abing's music, and Wang Xin, the composer of " Singing the Motherland " are also famous Wuxi musicians (Figure 1-17).
Contemporary Chinese network communication talents are also related to Wuxi. Huawei's founder Ren Zhengfei is the son-in-law of Wuxi, and his father-in-law Meng Dongbo is from Ganlu, Wuxi. Jack Ma, who founded Alibaba, was pregnant when his mother Cui Wencai came to work at the Wuxi County Pingtan Troupe around 1964. In a sense, Jack Ma was also conceived in Wuxi.
Wuxi’s fertile landscape has also produced five top picks in history. Jiang Chongzhen (1188-1249), a native of Hudai, Wuxi, Southern Song Dynasty, was the first number one scholar in Wuxi history in the 16th year of Jiading (1223), the Southern Song Dynasty, and was promoted to the Minister of Justice.Sun Jigao (1550-1610) was born in Shuanghe (now Shanbei, Wuxi) in the Ming Dynasty. He became the number one scholar in the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574) and became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Zou Zhongyi (1623-1654), a native of Xizhai (today's Xinwu District, Wuxi) in the Qing Dynasty, won the first place in high school in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), was awarded the Imperial Academy for compilation, and left behind "Snow Jiao Collection" and "Ji" Garden Collection" and other works. Wang Yunjin, a native of Shipi Lane in Wuxi city, was the number one scholar in the forty-fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1706). He served as an official in the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties and participated in the compilation of the "Kangxi Dictionary". Gu Gao (1763-1832), a native of Zhangjing, Wuxi in the Qing Dynasty, is a descendant of Gu Xiancheng, a famous scholar in Donglin in the Ming Dynasty. He was the top scholar in high school in the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801). He served as an academic administrator in Guizhou and taught the Fourth Age. He served as cabinet bachelor and left minister of the Ministry of Rites. He is the author of ten volumes of "Mozhuzhai Poetry and Classical Prose" and is a famous calligrapher and painter.
Wuxi’s construction industry is rich in talents. The "Records of Modern Philosophers and Craftsmen" compiled by professor Lai Delin , an expert in the history of architecture at Tsinghua University, includes 250 architects during the Republic of China, including 22 architects from Wuxi. Wuxi was just a county at the time, accounting for only 0.45% of the country's population, but it had 8% of the country's famous architects! This group of sage architects in Wuxi accepted the spread and influence of modern science, technology and culture, and left many works in the history of Chinese architecture, influencing China's modern architecture and creating many "firsts" and "bests". These famous architects are: Chen Deng'ao , Dai Nianci, Guo Yangmo, Guo Yuanxi, Hu Pu, Hu Yanjun, Hua Lanhong, Hua Nangui, Liu Wei, Pu Hai, Shi Dekun, Sun Liji, Teng Xi, Wang Hong, Yu Binglie, Zhang Zhoufen, Zhao Shen, Zhou Zengzuo, Zhu Shigui, Wu Ruojin, Jiang Yinglin, Jiang Yilin.
Wuxi is a magical place with outstanding people. This is due to its landscape structure - mountains, water and talents. Just as Xunzi said, "The mountains, forests, rivers and valleys are beautiful, and the natural resources are abundant, which means the shape is the best." Wuxi is also a place where the shape is the best.
Wuxi, a place of beauty, has produced talents and stars since ancient times. They illuminate the land of China with their outstanding achievements, they add luster to Wuxi, and their talents and achievements are remembered in history and will shine through the ages.
Chinese gardening art takes the pursuit of the spiritual realm of nature as its ultimate and highest goal, thereby achieving the aesthetic purpose of "although it is made by humans, it appears to be created by nature."
Wuxi's classical gardens are even more famous. Among the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, they are comparable to Suzhou gardens and are slightly better with real mountains and rivers as the background. The gardens created are not only highly technical, exquisite in art, and unique in style, but are also a comprehensive reflection of ancient philosophical thoughts, religious beliefs, culture and art, etc.
The most famous gardens in Wuxi include Jichang Garden, Yuantouzhu (Picture 1-18), Liyuan (Picture 1-19), Plum Garden (Picture 1-20), Gongyuan Garden, Jinyuan, Yiyuan and Yunshao Garden etc. Among them, Yuantouzhu, Liyuan, Meiyuan, Xihui Park and Jichang Park (Figure 1-21) are located in the Taihu Lake Scenic Area, one of the first batch of national key scenic spots. The similarity between these gardens and Suzhou gardens is that most of them were originally private gardens. The difference is that most of the gardens in Wuxi are based on real mountains and real waters.
Yuantouzhu is a natural stone jade on the east bank of Meiliang Lake in Taihu Lake in Wuxi that extends into the lake from the mountains. It was named because the huge stone protruding into the lake resembles a turtle with its head raised. Before the Ming Dynasty, Yuantouzhu had been longed for by people. The lush forests and bamboos, cliffs and stone carvings complement each other beautifully with the water of Taihu Lake. There are many historical relics left in the park, including the "Guangfu Temple" built in the Xiaoliang period; the relics of the leader of the Donglin Party in the late Ming Dynasty who climbed up to the dragon Yuan Touzhu to wash his feet; and the magistrate of Wuxi in the late Qing Dynasty, Liao Lun, who inscribed on the cliff near the lake "Wu Yue is included" and "Wu Yue is included". There are two cliff stone carvings in "Hengyun"; there are "Hengyun Villa" founded in 1931 and the gatehouse of "Taihu Best Place" handwritten in 1975 based on Mr. Guo Moruo's poem "The best place in Taihu is, after all, in Yuantou"; Standing halfway up Chongshan Mountain, there is the Chenglan Hall, a five-room wide building built in 1931 that imitates the palaces of the Song and Ming Dynasties. The plaque "Chenglan Hall" was written by Hua Shikui of Wuxi in the late Qing Dynasty. The couplets on both sides are by Written by Chen Kuilong; there are also Wanlang Bridge and Hushan Zhenyi built in the 1930s. Yuantouzhu is located near a mountain and faces a lake, with rich landscape combinations.
Liyuan is located on the shore of the beautiful Lihu Lake. Lihu Lake, formerly known as Wuli Lake, is an inner lake extending from Taihu Lake into Wuxi.It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li, a senior official of the Yue Kingdom, and the beautiful Xi Shi went boating here. The lake was named after the people and the garden was named after the lake. Liyuan is surrounded by water on three sides. You can see the green peaks in the distance and hear the long waves crashing on the shore. The spring dawn on the south embankment is full of pink and green willows. Guo Moruo, a great contemporary writer, has a wonderful line: "If you want to know the beauty of Li Garden, ask the young man at Yatou." In the early years of the Republic of China, Yu Xunzhen, a native of Qingqi Village, built the Eight Scenic Spots of Qingqi on the bank of Li Lake, which was known as "an area with beautiful mountains and clear waters". From 1927 to 1936, Wang Yuqing and his son built Liyuan on the original basis of the "Eight Scenes of Qingqi"; in 1930, Chen Meifang built a fishing village covering an area of more than 60 acres on the west side of Liyuan; in 1936, Wang Yuqing's son Wang Kangyuan expanded more than ten acres of land next to Liyuan and built Ningchun Tower, Huxin Pavilion, Yi'an Villa and other buildings. In 1952, the government built a 100-meter long corridor to connect Liyuan and Yuzhuang, and it was also called Liyuan.
Meiyuan is adjacent to Hengshan Mountain in the east, Taihu Lake in the south, and backed by the Nine Peaks of Longshan Mountain. In line with the ambition of "bringing fragrance to the world", the Chinese national industrialist and businessman Rong Desheng (father of former Vice President Rong Yiren) purchased land and built a garden here in 1912. He planted plums on the mountain and decorated the mountain with plums, which is called "Plum Garden". The Xinxin Spring in the garden was dug in 1916. Mr. Rong Desheng specially named it "Xixinquan", which means "washing things will make them clean, and washing the heart will make them clear"; Tianxin Terrace was built in 1914, which originated from "plum blossoms everywhere" It means "Heaven's Heart". In front of the stage stands the three-peak Taihu Stone, which resembles the three characters "Fu, Lu, Longevity", so it is called "Three-Star Stone". There is a Peak Taihu Stone in the south of Tianxin Taihu. It is said that when Mi Fu, the great calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, was a disciple of Dan, this stone was in his garden. Later generations called it "Mi Xiangyang Worship Stone". Xianghaixuan was built in 1914. Mr. Rong Desheng used 50 taels of silver to find Kang Youwei's handwritten "Xiangxuehai" on the forehead. In August 1919, Kang Youwei came to visit Meiyuan. Seeing that this was a forgery, he wrote "Xianghai" on it. But later the original plaque was lost. In 1991, Kang Youwei's original handwriting was found in the Nanjing Museum, and a plaque was remade and hung in the museum. The Plum Garden focuses on the humanistic spiritual character of plum blossoms and integrates traditional Chinese culture and modern gardening art.
Public Garden was initiated and raised funds by some celebrities and gentry in Wuxi in 1905. Based on several original small private gardens in the center of the city, the first park in Wuxi was established. It was also the first park in my country built by the citizens themselves. For more than 100 years since its establishment, the park has always adhered to one principle - it does not charge tickets and does not set thresholds for anyone. Soon after the park was established, Wuxi citizens gave it the nickname "Public Garden" according to their own habits. The park is recognized by the gardening community as the first park in my country with the significance and functional characteristics of a modern park, so it is called "the first park in China". Five years after the completion of the public garden, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing. His advocacy of "the world is for the public" provides the best explanation for the birth of the "Public Garden". There are currently 22 cultural relics and important memorial buildings in the "Gong Garden", including the stone drinking manger of the Song Dynasty, the Embroidered Clothes Peak of the Ming Dynasty, Longgang built 100 years ago, and Huaisu's "Forty-Two Chapters" Stele inscriptions, as well as inscriptions by famous calligraphers and painters of past dynasties, etc.
Xihui Park and Huishan Ancient Town are located in the west of Wuxi. Huishan, which was praised by Emperor Qianlong as "the first mountain in the south of the Yangtze River", was called Lishan Mountain, Huashan Mountain and Xishenshan Mountain in ancient times. Its mountain shape is like a leaping nine dragon, so it is also called Jiulong Mountain. Xishan is the remnant of Huishan, and the origin of Wuxi’s place name has a special origin with Xishan.
As early as the Neolithic Age six or seven thousand years ago, Xishan's ancestors lived here, shining with the light of Majiabang culture. Qin Shihuang once stationed troops here, leaving ruins such as Qinhuangwu. In the later Han Dynasty, a woodcutter obtained a jie stone in Xishan, and his inscription said: "There are tin soldiers, and the world is fighting; Wuxi is peaceful, and the world is clear." This adds a magical color to the origin of Wuxi's place name.It is said that during the Warring States Period, Chunshen Stream in Huishan was the place where Huang Xie let horses drink water; Shi Zhan, the right chief of Situ in the Liang Dynasty and Liu Song Dynasty, admired the beautiful scenery of Huishan very much and thought: "Lili inserts the tree in the sky, Leilei The "Jianyun Stone" environment can "keep this pleasant for a lifetime", so the "Lishan Thatched Cottage" was specially built at the east foot of Huishan Mountain; during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Hua Xiaozi Temple, which was famous for its filial piety, was built; the Buddhist stone carving art of the Tang and Song Dynasties ——The ancient scripture building; the Yilan Hall where Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Dongpo drank tea and the tomb of the famous poet Qin Shaoyou; the Golden Lotus Bridge built during the Song Dynasty Prime Minister Li Gang; the Longguang Pagoda, Zhulu Shanfang, Rencao An, and Bi Shanyin Society...Xihui Scenic Spots gather together Wuxi's rich historical and cultural landscapes and a complete range of landscape resources with the characteristics of mountain gardens, spanning thousands of years.
A large number of scenic spots, represented by famous springs and gardens such as the Second Spring in the World (Figure 1-22) and Jichang Garden, are famous at home and abroad. What best reflects Chinese history and culture is the unique Huishan Ancestral Hall Group. The ancestral halls are located near mountains and rivers, with hundreds of ancestral halls adjacent to each other. From the Tang and Song dynasties, some famous families built ancestral halls here. By the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wuxi relied on the ancient canal to become a north-south business center and transportation hub, with more frequent personnel exchanges. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong visited Huishan every time they visited the south. In addition, a group of officials and celebrities were granted or granted permission by the government to build ancestral temples here, which further contributed to the fire. The prosperity of Wuxi's industry and commerce added to the ancestral temple culture the splendor of the city's commercial civilization. As a result, a large number of surnames from other places and some branches of surnames also chose places to build temples. Among these ancient ancestral halls, there are famous political figures well-known to readers, including Taibo who went to Wu in the Zhou Dynasty, King Qian Wusu of Wuyue, Chun Shenjun in the Warring States Period, famous general Zhang Xun in the Tang Dynasty, national heroes Li Gang in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Qin Jin, Shao Bao, and Gu Kejiu (Hai Rui's teacher) in the Ming Dynasty. Important figures among the literati include Gu Kaizhi, the god of painting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Yu, the "tea sage" of the Tang Dynasty, and Ni Yunlin, the great painter of the Yuan Dynasty. The ancestral hall is adapted to local conditions, taking advantage of the scenery of Xishan and Huishan, and following the classical gardening techniques to stack mountains and manage water. An ancestral hall is like a "small garden", which is a grand sight. There are ten categories of ancestral halls, including divine temples, pantheon temples, tomb temples, temple temples, loyalty and filial piety temples, ancestral temples, specialized temples, academy temples, garden temples, and guild temples. Huishan The ancient town has always been known as Wuxi's "open-air history museum". Officials from the UNESCO World Heritage Committee were shocked when they came here to inspect and said that the Huishan Ancestral Hall Group is truly unique in the world!
Famous gardens in Wuxi include Jin Garden built by industrialist Rong Zongjing in 1929, Yang WeiyunYunxiu Garden built in 1902, and Yiyuan Garden built by Qin Yuliu in 1921, all of which are representatives of Wuxi's classical gardens.
Wuxi's landscape has attracted countless celebrities in history to stay here. Whether they visited Wuxi's landscape or returned to their fields after working, they all expressed their love for Wuxi's landscape and their nostalgia.
Wuxi, which has both mountains and rivers and is prosperous, is a gift from nature and is an ideal poetic place to live.
Wherever celebrities and people with lofty ideals went, they built temples, statues, gardens and carved stone inscriptions, leaving behind many cultural relics and monuments, which are admired by future generations.
Lu Yu (733-804), a famous tea expert in the Tang Dynasty, was known as the "Tea Immortal", revered as the "Tea Saint" and worshiped as the "Tea God" (Figure 1-23). He is known as the world's number one tea expert. He is famous throughout the world for his tea monograph - "The Classic of Tea". He has a strong interest in tea and has conducted long-term investigations and research. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 760), Lu Yu once lived in Wuxi and was fascinated by the clear and sweet Huishan Spring. Later, when he evaluated the spring water in the world, Huishan Spring ranked second, and the reputation of the second spring in the world came from this. Because of his appreciation of the two springs and Huishan, the people of Wuxi enshrined him beside the two springs of Huishan, "with an incense stick and an image of the Buddha, and many Niezi worshiping the tea fairy."
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), posthumously named Fan Wenzheng, was a famous official, politician, writer and military strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Fan Wenzheng Gongji" has been handed down to the world. According to the "Fan Family Genealogy", Fan Gong, the eighth generation of the Fan family, moved from Zhejiang to Wuxi in the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1692) and lived in Wuxi. Today, Fan Wenzhenggong Temple is preserved in Huishan Ancient Town, Wuxi.His famous line "Be anxious when the world is worried first, and be happy when the world is happy later" has been passed down through the ages, and he also left behind "Two Poems on Crossing the Taihu Lake" praising Taihu Lake (Picture 1-24) "When there are waves, the sky is high; when there is no wind, it is still. . Who can see the moonlight in the autumn sky? "The vast expanse of the lake is full of green. I will wait until the end of the Qing Dynasty to return to the moon."
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), a statesman and writer in the late Southern Song Dynasty. , patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan official and national hero. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", "In the fourth year of Baoyou, Wen Tianxiang was promoted to Jinshi at the age of twenty. He traveled in the south of the Yangtze River, passed Huishan, and lived in Liangxi. It was also the hermitage of Li Gang, the former prime minister; in the early years of Deyou, Tianxiang The troops arrived at Xi and Yuqiao and fought bloody battles for two days. In the second year of Deyou, the northern troops were trapped in Lin'an. When the prime minister passed by, he knelt down holding incense and cried loudly, but the whip could not be dispersed. Tianxiang wept and wrote "Passing to Wuxi". Wen Tianxiang visited Wuxi three times, and his fame has been handed down from generation to generation... Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, and visited Huishan every time. Emperor Kangxi left seven poems about Huishan scenery, and Emperor Qianlong had 98 poems with imperial inscriptions. Among them, Qianlong praised Hui Mountain as "the best mountain in the world" and "only Hui Mountain is elegant and quiet" (Figure 1-25), which is known and seen by everyone. Qianlong also designated Huishan Jichang Garden as a place to visit. He liked its tranquility and returned with pictures, and built a replica of Huishan Garden (today's Harmony Garden in the Summer Palace) at the northeast foot of Wanshou Mountain in Qingyi Garden in Beijing.
The elegance and tranquility of Wuxi’s mountains and rivers make it the best choice for dignitaries to live in seclusion.
Fan Li (517 BC - 448 BC) was a politician, strategist and economist at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After helping Vietnam to destroy Wu, he retreated bravely, so he and Xi Shi went on a boat trip on Wuli Lake incognito, and traveled among the Seventy-Two Peaks. During this time, the first " Fish Farming Manual " in Chinese and foreign history was written (Figure 1-26). Zhou Tan of the Tang Dynasty praised this in "Spring and Autumn and Warring States Gate·Fan Li": "Xi Zi can transfer orders to Wu, and Kuaiji Zhier pecks at Gusu. The traces are high and the achievements are successful, and a leaf flutters in the five lakes."
Liang Hong (born in the Eastern Han Dynasty) Died unknown), he was born into an official family. His father died early and he was an orphan as a young boy. Liang Hong's family was poor but upright, and he knew everything about the world. He was indifferent to his official career, refused the generous salary from high-ranking officials, and lived in seclusion with his wife. They went from Guanzhong to Guandong, and from Guandong to Qilu. When they were in Luoyang, they sang "Five Songs" to offend Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, so they and his wife Meng Guang went into hiding and lived in hiding at the foot of Hongshan Mountain in Wuxi. Hongyintang interprets the beautiful talk of husband and wife harmony of "raising the case and bringing eyebrows together" (Figure 1-27).
Gao Panlong (1562-1626), known as "Mr. Jingyi" in the world, was a politician, thinker and one of the leaders of the Donglin Party in the Ming Dynasty. He is the author of 12 volumes of "Gao Zi's Suicide Notes" and so on. He was a Jinshi in the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589). Gao Panlongshangshucan impeached Wang Xijue, the first assistant, and was demoted to Jieyang Dianshi, Guangdong. In the 23rd year of Wanli (1595), Gao Panlong resigned and returned home. He built a "Kelou" water residence by Li Lake and lived in seclusion for 27 years.
Wang Wen (1497-1576) was a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. He has been smart since he was a child. He can write poetry at the age of 9 and likes painting. Later, he studied at Erquan Academy founded by Shao Bao and became his disciple, studying behind closed doors for 30 years. He passed the imperial examination in the 14th year of Zhengde (1519) and became a Jinshi in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538). He was first appointed as the head of the household department and supervised the Xuzhou warehouse. Later he was transferred to the Nanjing military department as a chariot doctor. After that, Wang Wen was transferred to Guangdong Qianshi, and he went to Tongjiang (today's Tonglu County, Zhejiang). Because he missed his old father, he decided not to go south again, abandoned his official position and returned to Wuxi, where he eventually supported his father. From then on, he was indifferent to official career and was nostalgic for lakes, mountains, forests and springs. There are other buildings on the side of Tingsong Nunnery in Huishan, Wuxi (today's Tingsongfang), the former site of Luluo Nunnery outside Xichunmen in the east of the city (near today's Lvta Road), and at the foot of Baojie Mountain on the south bank of Wuli Lake. He lived in seclusion in Baojie Shanfang (also known as Hushan Cottage) for the longest time and did not visit the city for 30 years. In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1544), he, together with Qin Han, Gu Kejiu, Hua Cha, Wang Shisha and others, rebuilt the Bishan Yin Society in Huishan and formed a poetry society there. A stone tablet of "Song of Lakes and Mountains" written when he was 71 years old (1567) is now preserved in Yuantouzhu Qiting. There are also his "Tiankai Cliff", "Yuantou Yishao" and "Split Down Taihua" carved stones on the cliff... …
There are also You Mao, Gu Kejiu, and Wang Yongji who retired from official positions, and the educators Shao Bao, Hua Cha, Yan Shengsun, and Gu Zhenguan who resigned from office all chose their hometown of Wuxi as a place to retire.
Wuxi, which has both mountains and rivers and is prosperous, is a gift from nature and is an ideal poetic place to live.
Source: "Wuxi Landscape Urban Construction" by Sun Zhiliang published by Tsinghua University Press
In the midst of the five nights of guest sorrow, the sound of the Spring Festival trumpet is heard.
Where is the jade tree man after the song is gone? The fragrant song is not over yet when the dance breaks through the mountains.
But I recall the drunken way home from the lonely mountain, the fragrant snow of horseshoes lined with the east wind.
Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), a famous calligrapher and painter in the early Yuan Dynasty, often traveled between Hangzhou and Wuxi. He also wrote "The Second Spring in the World" and composed poems specifically for Huishan Spring. The poem "Bodu at Night" describes the wonderful night view of the Bodu River in the hazy night, with the shadows of lights and moon reflecting each other, the sound of fishermen singing in the sparkling water, and the lights of thousands of houses.
"Night Bodu Bodu"
Autumn is full of Bodu River in Liangxi, and everyone is wandering alone and leisurely.
Looking for things about Wu in the Pingxu area, and there are wine boats on the Meili River.
By the bridge, the willows are shaking, the lights are in chaos, and the moonlight is hanging in the middle of the river.
When dawn comes, I don’t send anyone to urge me to return home. I like to listen to fishermen’s songs spread everywhere.
Hua Shu, a native of Wuxi in the Ming Dynasty, compared Wuxi Lihu Lake with Hangzhou West Lake in "Ode to Wuli Lake" (Figure 1-12), believing that Lihu Lake is "famous for its openness, ease, wildness and desolation. It’s more pleasing to the eye and refreshing to the soul.”
"Ode to Wuli Lake"
The West Lake is won by beauty, beauty, tenderness, gardens,
embankments, bridges, pavilions, ancestral tombs, battlements, peaches and willows,
songs and dances, such as What a beauty!
Wuli Lake is vast, old, relaxed, wild, and blue
cool, so chivalrous! And in the snow, in the moon, in the long wind and light mist, the eyes are happy and the gods are refreshed!
There are also "Poems of Expression" by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Two Poems of Crossing Taihu Lake" by Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty, "Waterwheels on Wuxi Road" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Poetry on the Colorful Pictures of Xiting Mountains" by Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Two Poems on Crossing the Taihu Lake" by Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty. There are countless ancient poems such as "Spring Rise of Taihu Lake" by Zhan Zhan, "Pan Taihu Lake" by Tang Yin of the Ming Dynasty, and "Five Mile Lakes" by Wang Yongji of the Ming Dynasty, which vividly describe the beautiful scenery of Wuxi's mountains, waters, lakes and rivers.
Wuxi has a gathering of celebrities, and it can be said that the soil and water support the people. The green mountains and green waters nourish the people of Wuxi and breed countless literati with lofty ideals and ancient and modern wisdom.
In addition to the aforementioned ancient painters Gu Kaizhi, Ni Zan, and Wang Fu, and ancient writers Li Shen and You Miao, there are also talented people with lofty ideals from all dynasties, whose literary and military skills are proud of the earth.
Li Gang (1083-1140), Mr. Liangxi, a native of Wuxi, one of the "Four Ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty" and a hero in the fight against the Jin Dynasty. Li Gangneng wrote many patriotic chapters in his poems and essays. He is also able to write poems, and his historical works have vivid and vivid images and a vigorous and vigorous style. He is the author of 180 volumes of "Jingkang Biography", "Liangxi Ci" and "Liangxi Complete Works".
Gu Xiancheng (1550-1612), a native of Wuxi, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty and the leader of the Donglin Party, was honored as "Mr. Donglin" because he founded Donglin Academy. The famous couplet of Donglin Academy: "The sound of wind and rain and the sound of reading can be heard in my ears, and I am concerned about family affairs, national affairs, and everything in the world" was written by him (Figure 1-13). The "Eight Gentlemen of Donglin" headed by Gu Xiancheng have been teaching at Donglin Academy for more than 20 years. Their purpose was to criticize government corruption, criticize court policies, care about social issues, and care about people's lives, and played an important role in the political process of the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Xiake (1587-1641, Figure 1-14), a native of Jiangyin, Wuxi, was a geographer, traveler and writer in the Ming Dynasty. He was the author of the famous geographical book "The Travels of Xu Xiake". He was known as "a strange man through the ages". Xu Xiake's ambitions were all over his life, and his footprints spanned 21 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions today. "Experience what others have not reached, explore what is unknown", record the observed various phenomena, humanities, geography, animals and plants, etc. The 600,000-word "Xu Xiake's Travels", which he compiled after 30 years of investigation, opened up a new direction in geography to systematically observe and describe nature, and has far-reaching influence at home and abroad. The opening day of "Xu Xiake's Travels" (May 19) is designated as China Tourism Day.
Hengtang Tuishi (1711-1778) was born in Wuxi. His original name was Sun Zhu, with the courtesy name Linxi and Qinxi. His later nickname was Hengtang Tuishi.The "Three Hundred Tang Poems" (Figure 1-15) compiled by him is by far the most widely circulated and influential anthology of all Chinese literary works. sexual effect. "Three Hundred Tang Poems" contains 77 poems, a total of 313 poems. Du Fu has the largest number of poems with 38 poems, followed by Wang Wei with 29 poems, Li Bai with 27 poems, and Li Shangyin with 22 poems. Hengtang Tuishi was also a well-known upright official. He served as county magistrate in many places. "Every time he left for office, the people would climb the pillars and weep to see him off."
Xue Fucheng (1838-1894), a native of Wuxi, was a modern essayist, diplomat, one of the main leaders of the Westernization Movement, and the initiator of capitalist industry and commerce. He wrote a lot throughout his life, including four volumes of "Yong'an Wenbian", two volumes of "Sequel", and four volumes of "Waibian". His "Diary of an Envoy" and its sequels have been compiled into the "Going to the World Series" and have had a huge impact on social progress in politics, ideology, military, diplomacy, taxation, and literature.
Wuxi’s literary talents are as bright as stars. In modern times, there are Yan Shengsun, a literary poet in the early Qing Dynasty, great poets Chen Weisong, Gu Zhenguan, etc., and famous writers Liu Bannong and Hu Shanyuan from Jiangyin, Wuxi, who wrote the modern literary classic " Qian Zhongshu, a famous scholar and writer from Wuxi, such as "Fortress Besieged".
In terms of science and technology, Wuxi’s talents also attract the world’s attention. Xu Shou, who is known as the pioneer of modern chemistry in my country, Hua Hengfang, who made outstanding contributions to the development of modern mathematics, Hu Yuren, a famous educator, water conservancy scientist, and pioneer of modern science and education civilization, is one of the founders of mechanics, applied mathematics, and Chinese informatics in my country. Qian Weichang, theoretical physicist, fluid mechanics and educator Zhou Peiyuan, computer expert Wang Xuan known as contemporary Bi Sheng, and robotics expert Jiang Xinsong are all outstanding figures from Wuxi in my country's scientific and technological circles.
In the social sciences, Sun Yuxiu, the bibliographer and children's literature writer, Ding Fubao, the linguist, translator, and medical scientist, Miao Quansun, the famous scholar, bibliophile, and collationist, Qian Mu, the master of Chinese studies, and Tang Wenzhi, the pioneer of modern education , Yu Qingtang, the pioneer of social education, the famous educator Jiang Nanxiang, the famous scientist and educator Gu Yuxiu, etc. are all nationally renowned masters. There also emerged a group of economists represented by Chen Hansheng, Sun Yefang, and Xue Muqiao.
Politicians and revolutionaries Qin Bangxian, Wang Kunlun, Lu Dingyi, Vice President Rong Yiren, and industrialists such as Yang Zonglian, Yang Zonghan, Rong Zongjing, Rong Desheng, Zhu Dachun, Zhou Shunqing, Tang Baoqian, Xue Nanming also appeared in Wuxi. .
Wuxi is also the hometown of ethnic and folk music. Folk music Jiangnan Sizhu is very popular in Wuxi. Taoist music is also very famous. Hua Qiuping, a musician from Wuxi who published the first official collection of pipa music scores, made a huge contribution to the collection, revision, arrangement and dissemination of Chinese folk music. Musician Liu Tianhua from Jiangyin, Wuxi is a rising star in the national music scene in the 20th century. His works such as "Good Night", "Birds on the Empty Mountain", "Moonlight Night", "Yin in Sickness", "Song and Dance", etc. have all become popular and handed down famous songs. Another superstar in the national music scene is Hua Yanjun, who composed one of the world's top ten famous songs, "Two Springs Reflect the Moon," and is commonly known as "Blind Man Bing" (Figure 1-16). His composition "Two Springs Reflect the Moon" is an immortal song. He also composed the erhu music "Listening to the Pine", "Cold Spring Wind" and the pipa music "Dragon Boat", "Big Waves Washing the Sand", " Zhaojun Goes Out of the Fortress" and other famous songs. In addition, Yang Yinliu, who organized the rescue of Abing's music, and Wang Xin, the composer of " Singing the Motherland " are also famous Wuxi musicians (Figure 1-17).
Contemporary Chinese network communication talents are also related to Wuxi. Huawei's founder Ren Zhengfei is the son-in-law of Wuxi, and his father-in-law Meng Dongbo is from Ganlu, Wuxi. Jack Ma, who founded Alibaba, was pregnant when his mother Cui Wencai came to work at the Wuxi County Pingtan Troupe around 1964. In a sense, Jack Ma was also conceived in Wuxi.
Wuxi’s fertile landscape has also produced five top picks in history. Jiang Chongzhen (1188-1249), a native of Hudai, Wuxi, Southern Song Dynasty, was the first number one scholar in Wuxi history in the 16th year of Jiading (1223), the Southern Song Dynasty, and was promoted to the Minister of Justice.Sun Jigao (1550-1610) was born in Shuanghe (now Shanbei, Wuxi) in the Ming Dynasty. He became the number one scholar in the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574) and became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Zou Zhongyi (1623-1654), a native of Xizhai (today's Xinwu District, Wuxi) in the Qing Dynasty, won the first place in high school in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), was awarded the Imperial Academy for compilation, and left behind "Snow Jiao Collection" and "Ji" Garden Collection" and other works. Wang Yunjin, a native of Shipi Lane in Wuxi city, was the number one scholar in the forty-fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1706). He served as an official in the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties and participated in the compilation of the "Kangxi Dictionary". Gu Gao (1763-1832), a native of Zhangjing, Wuxi in the Qing Dynasty, is a descendant of Gu Xiancheng, a famous scholar in Donglin in the Ming Dynasty. He was the top scholar in high school in the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801). He served as an academic administrator in Guizhou and taught the Fourth Age. He served as cabinet bachelor and left minister of the Ministry of Rites. He is the author of ten volumes of "Mozhuzhai Poetry and Classical Prose" and is a famous calligrapher and painter.
Wuxi’s construction industry is rich in talents. The "Records of Modern Philosophers and Craftsmen" compiled by professor Lai Delin , an expert in the history of architecture at Tsinghua University, includes 250 architects during the Republic of China, including 22 architects from Wuxi. Wuxi was just a county at the time, accounting for only 0.45% of the country's population, but it had 8% of the country's famous architects! This group of sage architects in Wuxi accepted the spread and influence of modern science, technology and culture, and left many works in the history of Chinese architecture, influencing China's modern architecture and creating many "firsts" and "bests". These famous architects are: Chen Deng'ao , Dai Nianci, Guo Yangmo, Guo Yuanxi, Hu Pu, Hu Yanjun, Hua Lanhong, Hua Nangui, Liu Wei, Pu Hai, Shi Dekun, Sun Liji, Teng Xi, Wang Hong, Yu Binglie, Zhang Zhoufen, Zhao Shen, Zhou Zengzuo, Zhu Shigui, Wu Ruojin, Jiang Yinglin, Jiang Yilin.
Wuxi is a magical place with outstanding people. This is due to its landscape structure - mountains, water and talents. Just as Xunzi said, "The mountains, forests, rivers and valleys are beautiful, and the natural resources are abundant, which means the shape is the best." Wuxi is also a place where the shape is the best.
Wuxi, a place of beauty, has produced talents and stars since ancient times. They illuminate the land of China with their outstanding achievements, they add luster to Wuxi, and their talents and achievements are remembered in history and will shine through the ages.
Chinese gardening art takes the pursuit of the spiritual realm of nature as its ultimate and highest goal, thereby achieving the aesthetic purpose of "although it is made by humans, it appears to be created by nature."
Wuxi's classical gardens are even more famous. Among the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, they are comparable to Suzhou gardens and are slightly better with real mountains and rivers as the background. The gardens created are not only highly technical, exquisite in art, and unique in style, but are also a comprehensive reflection of ancient philosophical thoughts, religious beliefs, culture and art, etc.
The most famous gardens in Wuxi include Jichang Garden, Yuantouzhu (Picture 1-18), Liyuan (Picture 1-19), Plum Garden (Picture 1-20), Gongyuan Garden, Jinyuan, Yiyuan and Yunshao Garden etc. Among them, Yuantouzhu, Liyuan, Meiyuan, Xihui Park and Jichang Park (Figure 1-21) are located in the Taihu Lake Scenic Area, one of the first batch of national key scenic spots. The similarity between these gardens and Suzhou gardens is that most of them were originally private gardens. The difference is that most of the gardens in Wuxi are based on real mountains and real waters.
Yuantouzhu is a natural stone jade on the east bank of Meiliang Lake in Taihu Lake in Wuxi that extends into the lake from the mountains. It was named because the huge stone protruding into the lake resembles a turtle with its head raised. Before the Ming Dynasty, Yuantouzhu had been longed for by people. The lush forests and bamboos, cliffs and stone carvings complement each other beautifully with the water of Taihu Lake. There are many historical relics left in the park, including the "Guangfu Temple" built in the Xiaoliang period; the relics of the leader of the Donglin Party in the late Ming Dynasty who climbed up to the dragon Yuan Touzhu to wash his feet; and the magistrate of Wuxi in the late Qing Dynasty, Liao Lun, who inscribed on the cliff near the lake "Wu Yue is included" and "Wu Yue is included". There are two cliff stone carvings in "Hengyun"; there are "Hengyun Villa" founded in 1931 and the gatehouse of "Taihu Best Place" handwritten in 1975 based on Mr. Guo Moruo's poem "The best place in Taihu is, after all, in Yuantou"; Standing halfway up Chongshan Mountain, there is the Chenglan Hall, a five-room wide building built in 1931 that imitates the palaces of the Song and Ming Dynasties. The plaque "Chenglan Hall" was written by Hua Shikui of Wuxi in the late Qing Dynasty. The couplets on both sides are by Written by Chen Kuilong; there are also Wanlang Bridge and Hushan Zhenyi built in the 1930s. Yuantouzhu is located near a mountain and faces a lake, with rich landscape combinations.
Liyuan is located on the shore of the beautiful Lihu Lake. Lihu Lake, formerly known as Wuli Lake, is an inner lake extending from Taihu Lake into Wuxi.It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li, a senior official of the Yue Kingdom, and the beautiful Xi Shi went boating here. The lake was named after the people and the garden was named after the lake. Liyuan is surrounded by water on three sides. You can see the green peaks in the distance and hear the long waves crashing on the shore. The spring dawn on the south embankment is full of pink and green willows. Guo Moruo, a great contemporary writer, has a wonderful line: "If you want to know the beauty of Li Garden, ask the young man at Yatou." In the early years of the Republic of China, Yu Xunzhen, a native of Qingqi Village, built the Eight Scenic Spots of Qingqi on the bank of Li Lake, which was known as "an area with beautiful mountains and clear waters". From 1927 to 1936, Wang Yuqing and his son built Liyuan on the original basis of the "Eight Scenes of Qingqi"; in 1930, Chen Meifang built a fishing village covering an area of more than 60 acres on the west side of Liyuan; in 1936, Wang Yuqing's son Wang Kangyuan expanded more than ten acres of land next to Liyuan and built Ningchun Tower, Huxin Pavilion, Yi'an Villa and other buildings. In 1952, the government built a 100-meter long corridor to connect Liyuan and Yuzhuang, and it was also called Liyuan.
Meiyuan is adjacent to Hengshan Mountain in the east, Taihu Lake in the south, and backed by the Nine Peaks of Longshan Mountain. In line with the ambition of "bringing fragrance to the world", the Chinese national industrialist and businessman Rong Desheng (father of former Vice President Rong Yiren) purchased land and built a garden here in 1912. He planted plums on the mountain and decorated the mountain with plums, which is called "Plum Garden". The Xinxin Spring in the garden was dug in 1916. Mr. Rong Desheng specially named it "Xixinquan", which means "washing things will make them clean, and washing the heart will make them clear"; Tianxin Terrace was built in 1914, which originated from "plum blossoms everywhere" It means "Heaven's Heart". In front of the stage stands the three-peak Taihu Stone, which resembles the three characters "Fu, Lu, Longevity", so it is called "Three-Star Stone". There is a Peak Taihu Stone in the south of Tianxin Taihu. It is said that when Mi Fu, the great calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, was a disciple of Dan, this stone was in his garden. Later generations called it "Mi Xiangyang Worship Stone". Xianghaixuan was built in 1914. Mr. Rong Desheng used 50 taels of silver to find Kang Youwei's handwritten "Xiangxuehai" on the forehead. In August 1919, Kang Youwei came to visit Meiyuan. Seeing that this was a forgery, he wrote "Xianghai" on it. But later the original plaque was lost. In 1991, Kang Youwei's original handwriting was found in the Nanjing Museum, and a plaque was remade and hung in the museum. The Plum Garden focuses on the humanistic spiritual character of plum blossoms and integrates traditional Chinese culture and modern gardening art.
Public Garden was initiated and raised funds by some celebrities and gentry in Wuxi in 1905. Based on several original small private gardens in the center of the city, the first park in Wuxi was established. It was also the first park in my country built by the citizens themselves. For more than 100 years since its establishment, the park has always adhered to one principle - it does not charge tickets and does not set thresholds for anyone. Soon after the park was established, Wuxi citizens gave it the nickname "Public Garden" according to their own habits. The park is recognized by the gardening community as the first park in my country with the significance and functional characteristics of a modern park, so it is called "the first park in China". Five years after the completion of the public garden, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing. His advocacy of "the world is for the public" provides the best explanation for the birth of the "Public Garden". There are currently 22 cultural relics and important memorial buildings in the "Gong Garden", including the stone drinking manger of the Song Dynasty, the Embroidered Clothes Peak of the Ming Dynasty, Longgang built 100 years ago, and Huaisu's "Forty-Two Chapters" Stele inscriptions, as well as inscriptions by famous calligraphers and painters of past dynasties, etc.
Xihui Park and Huishan Ancient Town are located in the west of Wuxi. Huishan, which was praised by Emperor Qianlong as "the first mountain in the south of the Yangtze River", was called Lishan Mountain, Huashan Mountain and Xishenshan Mountain in ancient times. Its mountain shape is like a leaping nine dragon, so it is also called Jiulong Mountain. Xishan is the remnant of Huishan, and the origin of Wuxi’s place name has a special origin with Xishan.
As early as the Neolithic Age six or seven thousand years ago, Xishan's ancestors lived here, shining with the light of Majiabang culture. Qin Shihuang once stationed troops here, leaving ruins such as Qinhuangwu. In the later Han Dynasty, a woodcutter obtained a jie stone in Xishan, and his inscription said: "There are tin soldiers, and the world is fighting; Wuxi is peaceful, and the world is clear." This adds a magical color to the origin of Wuxi's place name.It is said that during the Warring States Period, Chunshen Stream in Huishan was the place where Huang Xie let horses drink water; Shi Zhan, the right chief of Situ in the Liang Dynasty and Liu Song Dynasty, admired the beautiful scenery of Huishan very much and thought: "Lili inserts the tree in the sky, Leilei The "Jianyun Stone" environment can "keep this pleasant for a lifetime", so the "Lishan Thatched Cottage" was specially built at the east foot of Huishan Mountain; during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Hua Xiaozi Temple, which was famous for its filial piety, was built; the Buddhist stone carving art of the Tang and Song Dynasties ——The ancient scripture building; the Yilan Hall where Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Dongpo drank tea and the tomb of the famous poet Qin Shaoyou; the Golden Lotus Bridge built during the Song Dynasty Prime Minister Li Gang; the Longguang Pagoda, Zhulu Shanfang, Rencao An, and Bi Shanyin Society...Xihui Scenic Spots gather together Wuxi's rich historical and cultural landscapes and a complete range of landscape resources with the characteristics of mountain gardens, spanning thousands of years.
A large number of scenic spots, represented by famous springs and gardens such as the Second Spring in the World (Figure 1-22) and Jichang Garden, are famous at home and abroad. What best reflects Chinese history and culture is the unique Huishan Ancestral Hall Group. The ancestral halls are located near mountains and rivers, with hundreds of ancestral halls adjacent to each other. From the Tang and Song dynasties, some famous families built ancestral halls here. By the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wuxi relied on the ancient canal to become a north-south business center and transportation hub, with more frequent personnel exchanges. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong visited Huishan every time they visited the south. In addition, a group of officials and celebrities were granted or granted permission by the government to build ancestral temples here, which further contributed to the fire. The prosperity of Wuxi's industry and commerce added to the ancestral temple culture the splendor of the city's commercial civilization. As a result, a large number of surnames from other places and some branches of surnames also chose places to build temples. Among these ancient ancestral halls, there are famous political figures well-known to readers, including Taibo who went to Wu in the Zhou Dynasty, King Qian Wusu of Wuyue, Chun Shenjun in the Warring States Period, famous general Zhang Xun in the Tang Dynasty, national heroes Li Gang in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Qin Jin, Shao Bao, and Gu Kejiu (Hai Rui's teacher) in the Ming Dynasty. Important figures among the literati include Gu Kaizhi, the god of painting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Yu, the "tea sage" of the Tang Dynasty, and Ni Yunlin, the great painter of the Yuan Dynasty. The ancestral hall is adapted to local conditions, taking advantage of the scenery of Xishan and Huishan, and following the classical gardening techniques to stack mountains and manage water. An ancestral hall is like a "small garden", which is a grand sight. There are ten categories of ancestral halls, including divine temples, pantheon temples, tomb temples, temple temples, loyalty and filial piety temples, ancestral temples, specialized temples, academy temples, garden temples, and guild temples. Huishan The ancient town has always been known as Wuxi's "open-air history museum". Officials from the UNESCO World Heritage Committee were shocked when they came here to inspect and said that the Huishan Ancestral Hall Group is truly unique in the world!
Famous gardens in Wuxi include Jin Garden built by industrialist Rong Zongjing in 1929, Yang WeiyunYunxiu Garden built in 1902, and Yiyuan Garden built by Qin Yuliu in 1921, all of which are representatives of Wuxi's classical gardens.
Wuxi's landscape has attracted countless celebrities in history to stay here. Whether they visited Wuxi's landscape or returned to their fields after working, they all expressed their love for Wuxi's landscape and their nostalgia.
Wuxi, which has both mountains and rivers and is prosperous, is a gift from nature and is an ideal poetic place to live.
Wherever celebrities and people with lofty ideals went, they built temples, statues, gardens and carved stone inscriptions, leaving behind many cultural relics and monuments, which are admired by future generations.
Lu Yu (733-804), a famous tea expert in the Tang Dynasty, was known as the "Tea Immortal", revered as the "Tea Saint" and worshiped as the "Tea God" (Figure 1-23). He is known as the world's number one tea expert. He is famous throughout the world for his tea monograph - "The Classic of Tea". He has a strong interest in tea and has conducted long-term investigations and research. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 760), Lu Yu once lived in Wuxi and was fascinated by the clear and sweet Huishan Spring. Later, when he evaluated the spring water in the world, Huishan Spring ranked second, and the reputation of the second spring in the world came from this. Because of his appreciation of the two springs and Huishan, the people of Wuxi enshrined him beside the two springs of Huishan, "with an incense stick and an image of the Buddha, and many Niezi worshiping the tea fairy."
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), posthumously named Fan Wenzheng, was a famous official, politician, writer and military strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Fan Wenzheng Gongji" has been handed down to the world. According to the "Fan Family Genealogy", Fan Gong, the eighth generation of the Fan family, moved from Zhejiang to Wuxi in the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1692) and lived in Wuxi. Today, Fan Wenzhenggong Temple is preserved in Huishan Ancient Town, Wuxi.His famous line "Be anxious when the world is worried first, and be happy when the world is happy later" has been passed down through the ages, and he also left behind "Two Poems on Crossing the Taihu Lake" praising Taihu Lake (Picture 1-24) "When there are waves, the sky is high; when there is no wind, it is still. . Who can see the moonlight in the autumn sky? "The vast expanse of the lake is full of green. I will wait until the end of the Qing Dynasty to return to the moon."
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), a statesman and writer in the late Southern Song Dynasty. , patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan official and national hero. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", "In the fourth year of Baoyou, Wen Tianxiang was promoted to Jinshi at the age of twenty. He traveled in the south of the Yangtze River, passed Huishan, and lived in Liangxi. It was also the hermitage of Li Gang, the former prime minister; in the early years of Deyou, Tianxiang The troops arrived at Xi and Yuqiao and fought bloody battles for two days. In the second year of Deyou, the northern troops were trapped in Lin'an. When the prime minister passed by, he knelt down holding incense and cried loudly, but the whip could not be dispersed. Tianxiang wept and wrote "Passing to Wuxi". Wen Tianxiang visited Wuxi three times, and his fame has been handed down from generation to generation... Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, and visited Huishan every time. Emperor Kangxi left seven poems about Huishan scenery, and Emperor Qianlong had 98 poems with imperial inscriptions. Among them, Qianlong praised Hui Mountain as "the best mountain in the world" and "only Hui Mountain is elegant and quiet" (Figure 1-25), which is known and seen by everyone. Qianlong also designated Huishan Jichang Garden as a place to visit. He liked its tranquility and returned with pictures, and built a replica of Huishan Garden (today's Harmony Garden in the Summer Palace) at the northeast foot of Wanshou Mountain in Qingyi Garden in Beijing.
The elegance and tranquility of Wuxi’s mountains and rivers make it the best choice for dignitaries to live in seclusion.
Fan Li (517 BC - 448 BC) was a politician, strategist and economist at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After helping Vietnam to destroy Wu, he retreated bravely, so he and Xi Shi went on a boat trip on Wuli Lake incognito, and traveled among the Seventy-Two Peaks. During this time, the first " Fish Farming Manual " in Chinese and foreign history was written (Figure 1-26). Zhou Tan of the Tang Dynasty praised this in "Spring and Autumn and Warring States Gate·Fan Li": "Xi Zi can transfer orders to Wu, and Kuaiji Zhier pecks at Gusu. The traces are high and the achievements are successful, and a leaf flutters in the five lakes."
Liang Hong (born in the Eastern Han Dynasty) Died unknown), he was born into an official family. His father died early and he was an orphan as a young boy. Liang Hong's family was poor but upright, and he knew everything about the world. He was indifferent to his official career, refused the generous salary from high-ranking officials, and lived in seclusion with his wife. They went from Guanzhong to Guandong, and from Guandong to Qilu. When they were in Luoyang, they sang "Five Songs" to offend Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, so they and his wife Meng Guang went into hiding and lived in hiding at the foot of Hongshan Mountain in Wuxi. Hongyintang interprets the beautiful talk of husband and wife harmony of "raising the case and bringing eyebrows together" (Figure 1-27).
Gao Panlong (1562-1626), known as "Mr. Jingyi" in the world, was a politician, thinker and one of the leaders of the Donglin Party in the Ming Dynasty. He is the author of 12 volumes of "Gao Zi's Suicide Notes" and so on. He was a Jinshi in the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589). Gao Panlongshangshucan impeached Wang Xijue, the first assistant, and was demoted to Jieyang Dianshi, Guangdong. In the 23rd year of Wanli (1595), Gao Panlong resigned and returned home. He built a "Kelou" water residence by Li Lake and lived in seclusion for 27 years.
Wang Wen (1497-1576) was a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. He has been smart since he was a child. He can write poetry at the age of 9 and likes painting. Later, he studied at Erquan Academy founded by Shao Bao and became his disciple, studying behind closed doors for 30 years. He passed the imperial examination in the 14th year of Zhengde (1519) and became a Jinshi in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538). He was first appointed as the head of the household department and supervised the Xuzhou warehouse. Later he was transferred to the Nanjing military department as a chariot doctor. After that, Wang Wen was transferred to Guangdong Qianshi, and he went to Tongjiang (today's Tonglu County, Zhejiang). Because he missed his old father, he decided not to go south again, abandoned his official position and returned to Wuxi, where he eventually supported his father. From then on, he was indifferent to official career and was nostalgic for lakes, mountains, forests and springs. There are other buildings on the side of Tingsong Nunnery in Huishan, Wuxi (today's Tingsongfang), the former site of Luluo Nunnery outside Xichunmen in the east of the city (near today's Lvta Road), and at the foot of Baojie Mountain on the south bank of Wuli Lake. He lived in seclusion in Baojie Shanfang (also known as Hushan Cottage) for the longest time and did not visit the city for 30 years. In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1544), he, together with Qin Han, Gu Kejiu, Hua Cha, Wang Shisha and others, rebuilt the Bishan Yin Society in Huishan and formed a poetry society there. A stone tablet of "Song of Lakes and Mountains" written when he was 71 years old (1567) is now preserved in Yuantouzhu Qiting. There are also his "Tiankai Cliff", "Yuantou Yishao" and "Split Down Taihua" carved stones on the cliff... …
There are also You Mao, Gu Kejiu, and Wang Yongji who retired from official positions, and the educators Shao Bao, Hua Cha, Yan Shengsun, and Gu Zhenguan who resigned from office all chose their hometown of Wuxi as a place to retire.
Wuxi, which has both mountains and rivers and is prosperous, is a gift from nature and is an ideal poetic place to live.
Source: "Wuxi Landscape Urban Construction" by Sun Zhiliang published by Tsinghua University Press
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