Author: Shi Yao
In his later years, Chairman Mao, although frail and sickly, always firmly controlled the highest power of the central party, government and army.
At the end of 1974, Chairman Mao was far away from Beijing and was in Changsha, but he knew everything about Beijing.
According to Chairman Mao’s entrustment, Zhou Enlai was in the hospital, with the world in mind, like a high-speed “engine”, working tirelessly day and night. After reviewing the quota allocation list of representatives from all walks of life of the Fourth National People's Congress, he wrote to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, requesting an increase in the quota of veteran cadres.
Under the instructions of Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai, it was decided that Deng Xiaoping would preside over the drafting of Zhou Enlai's "Government Work Report" at the Fourth National People's Congress. In late November 1974, Deng Xiaoping organized a writing team and stepped up the drafting work. In order to enable Zhou Enlai to successfully complete the important task of making the "Government Work Report," Deng Xiaoping suggested. It also reported Chairman Mao’s approval and decided to limit the "Government Work Report" to less than 5,000 words. Deng Xiaoping personally drafted three paragraphs, each of which contained a thousand or hundreds of words, and they were all about the actual content, and the imaginary things could be minimized as much as possible.
Many years later, when Deng Xiaoping recalled this past event, he said with emotion: "I personally drafted the speech of the Prime Minister, and it cannot exceed 5,000 words. The prime minister is so poor that he can't read it if he writes too much. At that time I often go to see the prime minister.” Zhou Enlai personally reviewed the draft of the "Government Work Report" verbatim, and put forward detailed suggestions for amendments.
Regarding the personnel arrangement of the Fourth National People's Congress, as it concerns who the leadership of the party and the country is in, Zhou Enlai has repeatedly considered and painstakingly. Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian and others have studied and exchanged opinions many times. They believe that the Ministry of Education is related to the cultivation of talents for the country, and it is related to the future of the country and the future of the nation.
Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian and others finally decided to let Zhou Rongxin, who had served as the Secretary-General of the State Council, serve as the Minister of Education. As for the selection of the leaders of the Minister of Culture and the Director of the National Sports Commission, some concessions can be made.
When preliminary opinions were formed on the personnel arrangements of the Fourth National People's Congress, Zhou Enlai convened a meeting with members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in batches at the hospital, and agreed on the candidates for the chairman and vice-chairmen of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National People's Congress and vice premier of the State Council. List of three options.
On December 18, Ye Jianying, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, sent a letter to Chairman Mao, reporting on the scheduled candidates for the general staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Ye Jianying wrote in the letter: "Tonight, the Politburo meeting discussed and approved the list of the leadership of the General Staff. It is only as follows. Please give me your approval." "Comrade Deng Xiaoping, Chief of the General Staff, Yang Chengwu, Zhang Eight comrades: Caiqian, Xiang Zhonghua, Peng Shaohui, Li Da, Wang Shangrong, Hu Wei, and He Wenwen."
After Chairman Mao received Ye Jianying’s request, he conducted a circle reading—that is, a circle was drawn on the three words "Chairman Mao" in the communication, and the central government called it "circle reading" during the processing of the official document, which meant "agree." the meaning of.
After the preparations for the Fourth National People's Congress were basically completed and the personnel arrangements were basically mature, on December 23, Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen flew to Changsha successively to report to Chairman Mao the preparatory work and personnel arrangements for the Fourth National People's Congress.
On the same day, Chairman Mao met with them.
On December 24, Chairman Mao continued to talk with Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen. Chairman Mao said: You two are here, let Deng Xiaoping be in charge of Beijing.
Zhou Enlai said that he supports Chairman Mao's opinion and Deng Xiaoping will serve as the first vice premier of the State Council, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the general staff.
Chairman Mao also asked Wang Hongwen to write a review of the major mistakes made during his work in the recent period. Wang Hongwen wrote a copy the next day,But somehow it was not handed over to Chairman Mao, but it was brought back to Beijing.
On December 25, Chairman Mao had another conversation with Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen.
December 26 is the 81st birthday of Chairman Mao. On this day, Chairman Mao asked Wang Hongwen to visit Shaoshan. At noon, Chairman Mao ate some longevity noodles and drank the "Furong Wine" from his hometown. In the evening, Chairman Mao had a long talk with Zhou Enlai. Chairman Mao mainly talked about the theoretical issues of the dictatorship of the proletariat:
Why did Lenin say that he should write an article about the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. I should tell Chunqiao and Wen Yuan to find out several places in Lenin's works that mentioned this problem, and print the large print and send it to me. Everyone reads first, then writes the article. Ask Chunqiao to write such articles. If this problem is not clear, it will become revisionism. Let the whole country know.
my country now implements a commodity system, the wage system is not equal, there is an eight-level wage system, and so on. This can only be restricted under the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Lenin said: "Small production produces capitalism and the bourgeoisie on a regular, daily, hourly, spontaneous and large scale." This is also the case with part of the working class and part of the party.
In the proletariat and among the staff of the government, there is a bourgeois style of life. Chairman Mao’s above remarks have the same theoretical significance as the remarks made by the Danish Prime Minister Hartling on October 20. At that time Chairman Mao said: "In short. China belongs to a socialist country. Before liberation, it was similar to capitalism. Now it still implements an eight-level wage system, distribution according to work, and currency exchange. These are no different from the old society. The difference is the ownership system. It’s changed.”
These speeches of Chairman Mao constituted important instructions for Chairman Mao’s theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat in his later years. The whole party and the whole army carried out extensive communication, study and implementation throughout the country. This shows that Chairman Mao, an 81-year-old revolutionary, despite his old age, frailty, and serious illness, is still tirelessly conducting arduous theoretical explorations to achieve his ideal and perfect social system.
In this long night talk,Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai also talked about the future and destiny of the party and the country, and the analysis and evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current leaders of the central government and other major issues.
Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai, these two great revolutionaries had a long conversation, and realized that the East was white...
Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen stayed in Changsha for 5 days. Chairman Mao talked to them many times.
When talking about the international situation and Sino-Soviet relations, Chairman Mao put forward a clear view. On December 27, Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen flew back to Beijing after staying in Changsha for 5 days. Chairman Mao lived in Changsha until February 3, 1975, and spent 114 days recuperating in Changsha.
The series of talks between Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai in Changsha are of great significance in the history of the Chinese Communist Party.
The trip to Changsha in December 1974 fully realized Zhou Enlai's expected wishes and goals, which made Zhou Enlai extremely happy.
After Zhou Enlai flew back to Beijing from Changsha, he immediately followed Chairman Mao's opinions and worked intensively to fully implement Chairman Mao's various decisions.
On December 28, Zhou Enlai convened the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which was attended by Wang Hongwen, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Chunqiao, etc., to study and implement Chairman Mao’s Changsha talks.
This is the first time Deng Xiaoping has attended a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee after his comeback.
Although it has not yet fulfilled the formal procedures. But Chairman Mao said that if Deng Xiaoping was appointed as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping could attend the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
After this meeting, Zhou Enlai approved Wang Hongwen and printed and distributed the two lists (drafts) of the Chairman, Vice-Chairmen and Vice Premier of the Fourth National People's Congress Standing Committee approved by Chairman Mao to all members of the Politburo.
On December 29, Zhou Enlai presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to convey Chairman Mao’s speech in Changsha and various instructions from Chairman Mao. The members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee who attended the meeting unanimously supported Chairman Mao's views and passed the scheduled candidates for the chairman, vice-chairmen and vice premiers of the fourth session of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, reviewed and approved by Chairman Mao.
On January 1, 1975, Zhou Enlai had a conversation with Deng Xiaoping and Li Xiannian. Same day. Zhou Enlai presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in the Great Hall of the People, and passed a report drafted by Deng Xiaoping on behalf of the Central Committee on the establishment of ministries and commissions of the State Council and the selection of ministers, committee directors, and president of the Supreme People's Court.
On January 3, Zhou Enlai chaired the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which was attended by Wang Hongwen, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, and Zhang Chunqiao, to study the preparations for the Second Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee and convey Chairman Mao’s ideas at the meeting. Instructions and other issues.
On January 4, Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen jointly reported to Chairman Mao on the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and sent them to discuss and approve the personnel arrangement plan.
According to Chairman Mao’s decision in Changsha, after Zhou Enlai’s careful planning, relying on the power of the party and the people, "united will become a city", the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee defeated the "Gang of Four" attempt to obstruct the Central Committee's appointing Deng Xiaoping as an important leadership position of the party, government and army. .
Beginning in 1975, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued Document No. 1 on January 5, informing the entire party that Deng Xiaoping was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and the Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
In a special period, Chairman Mao chose Deng Xiaoping as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and the Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It was a major strategic decision with far-reaching significance and extraordinary.
This shows that Chairman Mao has foresight, serious consideration, and long-term strategic thinking on this matter.
From January 8 to 10, 1975, the Second Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.Zhou Enlai presided over the meeting. Chairman Mao did not attend because he was recuperating in Changsha. This meeting is actually a meeting to study the preparations for the Fourth National People's Congress. The plenary session discussed the preparations for the Fourth National People’s Congress, and decided to submit the "Draft Constitution of the People’s Republic of China", "Report on the Amendment of the Constitution", "Government Work Report" and the list of candidates for the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the State Council to the Fourth National People’s Congress. Discussion at the National People's Congress.
According to Chairman Mao’s proposal, the plenary session ratified Deng Xiaoping as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and elected Deng Xiaoping as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee. This marks that Deng Xiaoping has not only re-emerged as an important member of the first generation of the CCP’s first generation of central leadership, but has also risen from the original Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee and the General Secretary of the CCP’s Central Committee to the Central Committee. Vice Chairman of the Committee. In the first generation of the central leadership collective will play a greater influence and a more important role.
The plenary session also approved Li Desheng's request to exempt him from serving as the vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee and a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
During the meeting, Chairman Mao’s latest instructions were conveyed: "Stability and unity are better."
About the author: Shi Yao, a college history teacher and a history researcher. He has been working on party history, military history, and war history for a long time. History enthusiasts are welcome to communicate and criticize.
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