Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery is the garden-style cemetery with the highest establishment and the richest red educational resources in my country. Party and state leaders such as Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Dong Biwu, and Ren Bishi, patriotic democrats, writers, revolutionary martyrs who have made great contributions to the country were buried here.
Picture | Zhou Enlai
However, it was such a revolutionary holy place where an old Kuomintang warlord was buried. Some people questioned why he could be buried in Babaoshan . After Zhou Enlai knew about it, he stood up and explained: "It's just because of this!"
This "old warlord" buried in Babaoshan is Long Yun, the "King of Yunnan". What did Long Yun do? He was buried in Babaoshan, and what were the "three achievements" that Zhou Enlai mentioned?
pic | Longyun
1. The giant python surrounds the beam, the king of Yunnan is in the world
11-19, a generation of political figure Long Yun was born in Songle Village, Yanshan, Zhaotong, Yunnan. His father is the Black Yi Tusi in the village, and his Chinese name is Long Qingquan.
According to rumors in the village, on the day Long Yun was born, his mother dreamed of a giant python circling the beams at home. At the full moon, the monk You Fang came to the Long family again. The monk left a couplet and left.
The first couplet is: "The dragon rides on the clouds, the tiger follows the wind, and the dragon and the tiger do not meet each other when we come in the evening."
The second couplet is: " Jade Rabbit liters, Jade Rabbit is bright, and the dog bites people on the Double Ninth Festival."
There is also a verse: "Riding a cow backward will bring disaster and will bring disaster. The great dream will be shocked in Renyin."
It is strange to say that Long Yun's life unexpectedly conforms to what the monk said. As the children of the Yi people, Long Yun is born with a stubborn temper that a newborn calf is not afraid of a tiger.
In addition to going to school, herding cattle and working, Long Yun also often practices martial arts. By chance, he received the guidance of a famous teacher and learned a good martial arts.
When it comes to modern martial artists, people's first reaction is to think of Huo Yuanjia , but they don't know that Long Yun once defeated the French boxer in Yunnan and made his fortune.
It was in the autumn of 1914. A French strongman came to Kunming and arrogantly said to Yunnan governor Tang Jiyao : "I heard that Kunming martial artists are very powerful. We want to set up a ring in the Yunnan Army Martial Arts Hall. If no one defeated me within three days, I will teach French martial arts in Kunming!"
Tang Jiyao asked back, "What if you lose?"
"I lost? Haha, if you lose, we will never set foot in Kunming again!"
"Okay! One word is certain!" Tang Jiyao said angrily.
After the French left, Tang Jiyao rushed to Yunnan martial arts hall and Yunnan military to post reward notices, searching for experts to compete with French strongmen. At that time, Long Yun had just graduated from Yunnan martial arts hall and was looking for a way out and was unwilling to cause trouble, so he did not take this matter to heart.
pic | Long Yun, who just graduated from the martial arts lecture hall, fought on the day, the French boxer used crooked Chinese characters to write the slogan "Fight the world invincible, ten fights and ten go off stage" on the big red cloth, and was very arrogant.
Warriors and martial arts enthusiasts from Yunnan saw this scene and went on stage to duel with him. Unexpectedly, this French strongman really had two tricks. Each of the challengers was beaten to the point of being blue and swollen, and fell from the stage.
French strongman tore his top to show his toned body, then pointed at the onlookers below and cursed in broken Chinese: "Haha, the sick man from East Asia! They are all the sick man from East Asia!"
At this moment, a young man with dark skin and thin body flew onto the ring. French strongman looked closely and laughed.
The young man in front of him was only about 1.6 meters tall, and the height above his head was only as high as the armpits of French Heroes. His thighs and strong men's muscles looked similar to those of strong men's arms.
At this moment, the young man took off his military uniform, left only a black jacket, put on his posture, and was ready to fight at any time.
The strongman said disdainfully, "Look at how you look, like an eggplant, and you dare to come to compete with me, you're looking for death!"
The young man snorted coldly and replied, "Then let's see who is looking for death! Let's give me advice!"
As soon as he finished speaking, the strongman raised his fist as a sandbag and waved towards Long Yun. Long Yun dodged sideways and gave a straight hook, but because his arm length was not enough, he only wiped the strongman's chin and was avoided.
Long Yun immediately changed his tactics and waved his iron fist to pound the strongman's head. The strongman hurriedly raised his arms to protect his head. Unexpectedly, every punch of Long Yun seemed to have a thousand pounds, which made his arm hurt.
The strongman couldn't resist and hurriedly stopped the game, saying that Long Yun had an iron tool hidden in his arm.
Long Yun snorted coldly, took off his top and trousers in front of everyone, revealing his strong and dark figure. The referee searched all over his body, but found no iron tools. The Hercules could only continue the competition.
The two of them were spinning around the stage like lantern , looking for each other's flaws. Suddenly, a drop of sweat slid down from the forehead of the French strongman. The strongman turned his head, and Long Yun immediately kicked up. The other party was shocked and hurriedly bent down to dodge. Unexpectedly, Long Yun just waved his move, immediately changed his body and kicked the strongman in the head.
The strongman was kicked hard, and his body was unstable. Long Yun used his strength to "the monk hit the bell" with one move, which made the strongman's head buzz, and he swayed a few times, and fell to the ground.
The French Hercules were knocked to the ground and did not stand up for a long time. The referee announced Long Yun's victory.
The audience immediately burst into thunderous applause. Everyone rushed forward, raised Long Yun high and threw it into the air. Long Yun became famous in one battle and became a "hero" in the hearts of Kunming people.
After this battle, Long Yun became the captain of the Kunming Guard Army and became Tang Jiyao's most valued "confidant".
pic | Tang Jiyao
December 1915, Yunnan was the first to rebel against Yuan and protect the country.
Tang Jiyao made outstanding achievements and great reputation for protecting the country and fighting against Yuan, and his ambitions increased day by day. He led the Yunnan Army for a while, Jingguo , guarding the law, and expedition in the north. He covered the sky with his hands and tried to compete for the Central Plains, but was finally dragged down by his ambitions.
Tang Jiyao put the hope of restoration on Liuzhou Garrison Commander Long Yun, but at that time, Long Yun was also living in dire straits and could not care about Tang Jiyao.
Seeing that the cold winter was approaching, tens of thousands of soldiers of the Yunnan Army had not had cotton coats and had extremely lack of ammunition. Long Yun, who was penniless, saw it in his eyes and was anxious. Unexpectedly, at this moment, the groom of the headquarters suddenly ran in to report, and when he was brushing the horse, he found a stone slab exposed in the stable.
Long Yun quickly closed the door, found a hoe in person, pried open the stone slab, and buried a half-person-high water tank inside. When he opened it, he found that it was a slaughter of hairs one by one. He took it out and counted it, and it was a total of 250,000.
Long Yun was so happy that he quickly bought the soldiers' clothes, quilts and quilts for winter, and also bought weapons and food.
With the help of Long Yun and the Dian Army, Tang Jiyao became the "King of Yunnan". When he was rewarded for his merits, Long Yun made the greatest contribution and was promoted to the commander of the Fifth Army and the commander of the central Yunnan Army, with military power and regimes gathered together.
At this time, Longyun is only one step away from the throne of "King of Yunnan".
On the fourth day of the Lunar New Year in 1927, Long Yun and Hu Ruoyu and others jointly "overthrow the Tang Dynasty" to launch the "Dec. 6" coup, and established a provincial committee with a conference system. Hu Ruoyu and others were unwilling to share the world with Long Yun. They took advantage of their unpreparedness to launch a surprise attack, and Long Yun was imprisoned.
In a critical moment, Lu Han, the former subordinate of Long Yun who was disbanded by Tang Jiyao, gathered together to rescue Long Yun. Long Yun returned to Kunming and had great power, and the "King of Yunnan" appeared in this world!
pic | Longyun
2. Help Red Army , the first greatest achievement
In the 37-year history of the Republic of China, the Yunnan Army has always been a relatively independent warlord force that cannot be underestimated. Since Cai E founded the army, the Yunnan Army has always had a significant influence in the country.
At its peak, the Yunnan Army once expanded its sphere of influence to Sichuan, Guizhou, Guizhou and other places. Whether it was the warlords fighting in seizing territory or the flesh-and-blooded war of resistance, the Yunnan Army did not lose its reputation as a "strong army" and charged on the front line of the War of Resistance.
In October 1934, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army launched the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March. Red One and Red Two Front Army passed through Yunnan twice for more than three months, sowing the seeds of revolution in the hearts of people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan.
After the Red Army entered Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek attempted to take this opportunity to drive the Central Army into Yunnan. How could Yunnan Provincial Government Chairman Long Yun be unaware of it?
Long Yun promised Chiang Kai-shek to send troops to intercept the Red Army. In fact, most of the situations are mainly chasing and rarely intercepting. Although the Red Army passed through Yunnan, it was obviously much smoother than passing through other areas.
When the Red Army first entered Yunnan, Long Yun asked the Yunnan Army commander Zhang Chong to discuss how to treat the Red Army.
Zhang Chong said, "Chairman, Chiang Kai-shek has ulterior motives. You must be careful of him to figure out the whole world! Look at Wang Jialie, Guizhou, was deceived by Xue Yue and to Nanjing, and then his army was adapted. Compared with the two, Chiang Kai-shek's threat is much greater than that of the Red Army."
"Why don't I know what Chiang Kai-shek is going to make? We should be careful of Xue Yue at the moment. I think the Red Army is just passing by and there is no threat." Long Yun said.
"Yes, Chairman, if we fight with the Red Army, wouldn't it be a good deal for Chiang Kai-shek! But Xue Yue had to obey the order, so we would take the stance of pursuing the Red Army, retain our strength, and act according to the opportunity!"
Long Yun nodded and turned to Zhang Chong and said, "This matter is left to you. Don't open fire with the Red Army unless it is absolutely necessary."
Then, Zhang Chong led two regiments of troops to follow the Red Army. The Red Army immediately pretended to be pursuing. As soon as the Red Army stopped, he stayed there to rest.
The Red Army crossed Jinsha River took 7 days, and Zhang Chong made an excuse to hold his troops for 7 days. Xue Yue urged him to take a quick look, and Zhang Chong took two steps forward in a casual manner.
Recalling this experience, Zhang Chong smiled and said, "If you really want to count it, I personally sent the Red Army to Yunnan."
On April 27, 1935, Zhou Enlai led the Red Army to the Qujing area of Yunnan. On this day, the weather in Qjing was very good, the sun was shining brightly, and the cloudlessness was gone. Zhou Enlai and the soldiers were talking and walking, and their emotions were very high.
Suddenly, three reconnaissance planes flew over from Kunming and hovered over the Red Army for a long time. The inexplicable behavior of these three reconnaissance planes made Zhou Enlai a little confused.
After a while, three trucks rushed toward Kunming. The Kuomintang's blue sky and white sun flag was clearly marked on the truck. Zhou Enlai quickly led the Red Army to ambush, and when the truck approached, he suddenly rushed out.
The truck was forced to stop by the Red Army. A Kuomintang officer walked out of the truck and asked in a pretentious manner: "Which unit do you belong to? How do you dress up as the Communist Army? Don't joke!"
Zhou Enlai snorted coldly: "Who is kidding you? You have become a prisoner!"
Kuomintang officer immediately became scared and collapsed on the ground. Zhou Enlai ignored him and ordered the soldiers to seize the supplies on the truck.
map | Zhou Enlai during the Long March
Unexpectedly, the three cars were filled with white medicine, canned food and other supplies that the Red Army urgently needed, and two precious maps. These two military maps became the most precious treasures of the Red Army when they passed Yunnan. Those white medicines saved the lives of countless Red Army soldiers. Until passed through grass , these white medicines played a huge role.
Now it seems that these three vehicles of supplies really seem to be deliberately given to the Red Army by Long Yun, so why did he do this?
According to the old writer Ma Zihua's recollection, Long Yun once described this to him personally. At that time, a man dressed in a farmer came to the door of the mansion and said that there was an emergency military situation report. The adjutant did not dare not report it when he heard this, so he could only bring the person to Long Yun.
When Long Yun saw him, he felt something was wrong with this person. He quickly stepped back and asked, "Who sent you here?"
The man didn't say anything, but took out a cowhide envelope from his arms and handed it to Long Yun.
Long Yun opened it and found that he was an old friend Luo Binghui. Luo Binghui wrote in the letter: "Old friend Long Yun, I haven't seen you for a long time, everything is fine? This time the Red Army passed by a precious place, with the purpose of going north to fight against Japan, not to attack cities and capture villages, and not to harass local people. Please make room for maneuvers and let the Red Army cross the river in some prefectures and counties..."
Long Yun finished reading the letter, he asked with concern: "Is Mr. Luo Binghui okay?"
"He is very good, don't worry! When the revolution is victorious, he invites you to see you again!"
Long Yun nodded with confidence, and then called again. The lady brought 500 yuan and handed it to the man, instructing him, "You take the money back. Someone asked you, and he said it was from Zhaotong, so he asked them to ask Chairman Long if you have something to do!"
The man bowed deeply, turned around and left, and Long Yun quickly shouted, "Have you eaten?"
"I've eaten! Goodbye, Mr. Long!" After the man left, Long Yun immediately wrote a letter to Sun Du on the front line, telling him that he only needed to chase the Red Army without intercepting it. Then he prepared medicines, canned food, etc., and asked Sun Du to wait for an opportunity to give it to the Red Army.
In this way, those supplies and maps fell into the hands of the Red Army successfully. This was Long Yun's first achievement. Zhou Enlai will always remember the help Long Yun provided in the crisis.
At that time, Long Yun was targeted by Chiang Kai-shek everywhere, but he still risked being caught and tried his best to provide help to the Red Army.
Picture | Chiang Kai-shek and Long Yun took a photo
3. Swear to fight against Japan to the death, the second greatest achievement
1937, the Japanese invaders invaded China in large numbers, and the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun volunteered to fight to the death.
Yunnan has special geographical conditions, the southeast coastal port was blocked by the Japanese army, and the rear Myanmar was also invaded by the Japanese army, and the situation was very critical.
Longyun urgently summoned 200,000 migrant workers to build the railway. It took only half a year to build the more than 1,000 kilometers of Yunnan-Burma Highway , becoming the only international strategic artery for the Allies to transport materials and ammunition to China, and opened a life channel for China.
Long Yun personally led the 60th Army from Yunnan to the front line, traveling through mountains and rivers along the way, with many crises, passing through the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Hunan, and rushing to the battlefield of Songhu.
Unfortunately, because the hiking army took a lot of time, the battle was over when the 60th Army arrived in Hunan.
Long Yun did not rest and immediately turned to Wuhan. When the troops entered the city, they were warmly welcomed by the people of Wuhan. German military adviser praised him when he saw the Yunnan army led by Long Yun, calling this army "the best unit of the Kuomintang today."
In the Xuzhou Battle in in 1938, the Japanese army launched a three-dimensional offensive against Xuzhou with the help of aircraft, cannons, and tanks. Long Yun led the soldiers of the 60th army to fight to the death, rushed to the position and fight with the Japanese army in close combat, completely crushing the Japanese army's plan to occupy Xuzhou and encircle and annihilate the national army.
After the Battle of Xuzhou, Long Yun counted the casualties of the Yunnan Army. When he left Yunnan, he led a total of 12 regiments, and now only 5 regiments are left. There are more than 500 battalions in the 183rd Division. Each of them died heroically, and only one soldier survived.
In the Battle of Taierzhuang, the soldiers of the Yunnan Army fought to the death and won valuable opportunities for the final victory. During the Taierzhuang Battle, the Chinese army sacrificed a total of more than 50,000 people, and the number of people killed in the Yunnan Army alone reached more than 5,000!
Just as the Battle of Xuzhou ended, the Yunnan Army participated in the Wuhan Defense War. Due to the heavy casualties of the 60th Army, it jointly formed the 30th Corps with the newly formed 58th Army and the New Third Army, and was renamed the First Army of the Kuomintang. Long Yun served as the commander-in-chief and Lu Han served as the deputy commander.
The newly formed First Army participated in large-scale battles such as Nanchang and Changsha under the leadership of Lu Yun, and performed very well. According to statistics, during the entire War of Resistance Against Japan, Yunnan sent 400,000 troops to various battlefields in China. The Yunnan Army participated in more than 20 large-scale battles, with more than 100,000 soldiers and casualties.
Long Yun led the Dian army to make great contributions during the War of Resistance, and he himself made great achievements for the people of Yunnan!
Long Yun has been in charge of Yunnan for 18 years and has done many good things that are beneficial to people's livelihood, such as rectifying finance and taxation, newly repairing water conservancy, establishing industries, and establishing education, which has made great contributions to promoting the economic education and cultural development of Yunnan and various ethnic minority areas.
The Nanjing government has set off an "anti-communist climax" countless times, and Long Yun has unswervingly implemented democratic reforms. Under his management, the underground organizations of the Communist Party of China in Yunnan were basically not destroyed. Even Americans praised Yunnan, ruled by Long Yun, as a "China's democratic fortress."
4. Anti-Chiang and anti-dictatorship, the third greatest achievement
As time goes by, Long Yun has become more and more clear that Chiang Kai-shek is not a pure revolutionary. Over the years, he has been waiting for opportunities to take down Long Yun and take control of Yunnan's rule.
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
Ko Long Yun is a firm democratic revolutionary who joined the Kuomintang camp for the sake of the revolution. Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek, who was trusted by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, is now drifting away from the democratic revolution. Faced with the "invasion of the Iron Cavalry" of the Japanese invaders, Chiang Kai-shek actually adopted the " non-resistance policy " and also asked the Kuomintang army to fight against the Communist army that actively resisted Japan.
The suspicious and sensitive Chiang Kai-shek soon noticed Long Yun's "two hearts". As soon as the War of Resistance ended, Chiang Kai-shek immediately sent Lu Han to lead the 60th army of the Dian Army to Vietnam to accept the surrender of the Japanese army. As soon as the Yunnan Army left, there was only one defense regiment left by Long Yun. Du Yuming immediately led the Central Army to launch a military revolution and lifted Long Yun's military power.
In order to appease the forces in Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Lu Han, who was better controlled, as the chairman of Yunnan Province, and only allowed him to leave behind 4 security groups. Unfortunately, Chiang Kai-shek underestimated Lu Han. In the later Kunming Uprising, Lu Han made the right choice under Long Yun's persuasion and broke with Chiang Kai-shek completely.
The "Chenqiao Mutiny" caused Long Yun, the "King of Yunnan" who had been in charge of Yunnan for 18 years, to fall from his throne, but also made the Yunnan army completely contrary to Chiang Kai-shek. Tens of thousands of soldiers of the Yunnan army continued to revolt, clearing Long Yun's reputation. Xue Yue took the opportunity to annex the 58th Army and the newly formed 3rd Army in the name of pacifying the Yunnan Uprising. The remaining 60th Army and the 93rd Army were sent to the northeast by Chiang Kai-shek.
Originally, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use the hands of the People's Liberation Army to destroy the remnants of Long Yun's troops, but unexpectedly, the commander of the 60th Army Zeng Zesheng led his troops to revolt in Changchun and rebel Chiang Kai-shek's army!
As early as the beginning of the Liberation War, many generals in the national army announced their uprisings, inspired by justice. By the middle and late stages of the Liberation War, millions of troops were defeated and the uprising troops emerged like mushrooms after a rain.
Among all the uprising national troops, 10 troops have the greatest influence. The uprising generals are Zeng Zesheng, Fu Zuoyi, Gao Shuxun, Lu Han, etc. Among them, Zeng Zesheng and Lu Han's uprising are inseparable from Long Yun.
The commander of the 60th Army of the Changchun Uprising Zeng Zesheng was once a confidant of Long Yun. After leading his troops to revolt, he was adapted into the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army. He showed his bravery in the Korean War and became the ace force of the People's Liberation Army.
The second one is Lu Han. At the suggestion of Long Yun, Lu Han detained all the Central Army stationed in Kunming, Li Mi and Shen Zui and others, and announced the Yunnan Uprising.
On June 24, 1962, Long Yun died of acute myocardial infarction in Beijing. His wife Gu Yingqiu wrote an elegiac couplet for him: "Democracy and anti-Chiang, devoted their lives, and although their contributions are small, they will always be loyal to the country."
At the symposium on the 100th anniversary of Long Yun's birth, comrades in our party commented that Long Yun was "a glorious patriot."
pic | Long Yun's Tomb
Later, Long Yun was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing. Some people questioned why he could be buried in such a revolutionary holy place. After Zhou Enlai found out, he personally stood up and explained to him:
"It is only because of this that people have made three major achievements. First, he has contributed and made contributions to China's democratic revolution; second, he has anti-Chiang and anti-dictatorship, made contributions, and third, in the entire War of Resistance Against Japan, he resolutely resisted the war, fought to the death, made contributions!"
In just a few short sentences, he summarized Long Yun's ups and downs in his life.
No matter what Long Yun's identity is, his spirit of leading the Yunnan army to fight to the death during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and fighting to the end with the Japanese invaders is worthy of our respect and respect.
When facing Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, Long Yun still insisted on democratic reforms, actively did good deeds and benefits for the people of Yunnan, and even provided help to the Red Army under Chiang Kai-shek's nose. His courage, demeanor and political vision are very worthy of admiration.
Indeed, Long Yun was born as an old warlord of the Kuomintang, but he did not hesitate in the face of national right and wrong and national justice. He was a good general who truly saved the country from water and fire, and a national hero who was deeply loved by the people of Yunnan!
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