His death was like a thunderclap on the ground, which exploded countless sparks and disappeared in an instant, seemingly taking away the last breath of luck for the Kuomintang. At that time, everyone knew that the Kuomintang had reached the end of the road and was really about to collapse!
Chiang Kai-shek, who was in his hometown in Xikou, was stunned when he heard the news. He didn't respond for several minutes, or the subordinate next to him called "CEO" several times, and he exhaled this breath and lowered his head suddenly. It seems to have aged a few years all of a sudden.
Chiang Kai-shek at that time had already announced his retirement and was no longer the president of the Kuomintang government, but most of the affairs would still be passed to him, and the Kuomintang government and army were actually still under his control. However, Chiang Kai-shek had no time to be sad, the building was about to collapse, the party was in turmoil, and he could not protect himself, so he had to take action. Then Chiang Kai-shek left his hometown and went to Shanghai to make a choice for his final retreat.
The Kuomintang at this time is a situation where "one person dies, and all the rest are about to fall". Who is this person? Why is he so important?
·The period of the Republic of China rose to fame, following Sun Yat-sen
This man was named Dai Jitao, who was a prominent figure in the period of the Republic of China. . In 1905, Dai Jitao went to Japan to study, at first at a normal school, and later at a Japanese university to study law, and during this period he met Chiang Kai-shek.
Four years later, Dai Jitao returned to China as a professor at the Jiangsu Provincial Research Institute. His writing style was very good. Because of his dissatisfaction with the Manchu Qing Dynasty, he actively contributed articles, and wrote a lot in "China and Foreign Daily" and "Tianduo News". Articles criticizing the Qing government, but within a few months, 19-year-old Dai Jitao became the editor-in-chief of Tianduo Daily.Soon the Qing government targeted him, and Dai Jitao was wanted and had to flee abroad. At that time, he was forced to flee to a small island in Southeast Asia by boat, which aroused his strong dissatisfaction: you can drive away my people, but you can't stop my pen, let alone control it. What do people love to see in the world? Here Dai Jitao and other Chinese who also fled founded the "Guanghua News".
In 1911, Dai Jitao followed Sun Yat-sen to join the Tongmenghui and became a loyal fan of the "Three Principles of the People". After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dai Jitao was able to return to China and founded the "Minquan Daily" in Shanghai. Dai Jitao met Sun Yat-sen for the first time as a party member and reporter. After several conversations, Sun Yat-sen appreciated the young man quite a bit. After Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China, Dai Jitao also got the opportunity to follow him to Nanjing to attend the ceremony. When the revolution failed, Sun Yat-sen resigned as the interim president, and Dai Jitao was ordered to go to Beijing with Cai Yuanpei, Song Jiaoren and others to welcome Yuan Shikai to the south. However, Yuan Shikai tried to become emperor, and Sun Yat-sen and others realized his true colors and angrily launched the second revolution.
During the second revolution, Dai Jitao was responsible for the military liaison activities of the revolution, and published a large number of articles against Yuan Shikai in the "Civil Rights Daily". Dai Jitao gradually became a person trusted by Sun Yat-sen and a central figure in the national revolution.
Yet again he was hated by those in power, Yuan Shikai ordered the arrest of Dai Jitao, this time he did not escape. After being imprisoned, he began to reflect deeply on himself, how could he repeat the same mistakes, and then he realized: "A million splendid articles are no match for a Mauser." Then follow Sun Yat-sen to Japan.When Dai Jitao returned to Shanghai in 1916, he resolutely threw himself into the anti-Yuan campaign, fought on the front line of Huang Xingyi, and became Sun Yat-sen's secretary-general the following year.
·Ideological progress, or becoming the founder of the CCP
It is worth mentioning that Dai Jitao, as a progressive figure at that time, actually had a great chance to become one of the founders of the CCP.
1919 Before and after the May 4th Movement, Dai Jitao was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to establish the Weekly Review together with Li Hanjun and others in Shanghai. He then became the magazine editor-in-chief of the Republic of China Daily, the central organ of the Kuomintang. With his progressive thoughts, Dai Jitao wrote a lot of articles with extremely provocative words, focusing on publicizing patriotic thoughts to the public and promoting the "socialist" trend of thought.
In these articles, Dai Jitao gave a detailed explanation of "socialism", introduced the situation of international communism, and tried to use the ideological theory of communism to explain China's ethical issues.
Dai Jitao highly praised the ideas of Marx and Engels, and exclaimed that "they are geniuses". He bluntly said that Marx "is the master of modern economics" and "the visionary of modern social movements". Dai Jitao became one of the earliest researchers of Chinese Marxism. The "Republic of China Daily" gave Dai Jitao a hotbed for propaganda of progressive ideas. He vigorously pointed out the shortcomings of the times, wrote articles criticizing some people's attempts to suppress ideological emancipation, and urged that the propaganda of Marx's works must not be banned.
However, he is just a person with a "progressive" ideology, not with the ultimate goal of realizing the rise of the working class, nor by building a socialist country in which the working class is the master.Dai Jitao once said to Sun Yat-sen: "Since the June 3 strike, workers have directly participated in social and political movements, but if there are no "knowledgeable and learned" people to study their problems and lead their movements from above, then things may gradually develop. It is very dangerous that the land tends to be unreasonable and untimely. Therefore, although I am moved by their strikes, I feel that it is very important to guide the majority of people in society with more moderate thinking. "
At that time, Dai Jitao was indeed a person that the CCP greatly appreciated and welcomed. Li Lisan, an outstanding member of the CCP, even stated clearly in a party history report that Dai Jitao was one of the initiators of the establishment of the CCP.
Although Dai Jitao had close ties with early communists such as Chen Duxiu, and even participated in the preparatory work for the early establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, he did not continue to move forward.
Dai Jitao is a typical old-time intellectual, who is ahead in his subjective thinking and conservative in his objective actions. In May 1920, Dai Jitao went to Shanghai to participate in the "Marxist Research Association", and was invited by Chen Duxiu and others to draft the "Programme of the Communist Party of China" for the CCP.
When Dai Jitao was young, his writing was first-rate, which made Chen Duxiu feel ashamed and exclaimed, "In this respect, I am not as good as him!" Therefore, Chen Duxiu implored him to write the "Party Program of the Communist Party of China". But more importantly, I want to invite him to join the Chinese Communist Party. Of course, Dai Jitao still wanted to follow Sun Yat-sen, but Chen Duxiu's side was also very kind, so he just agreed to draft the "Programme of the CCP" without mentioning a word about joining the party.
The events that made Dai Jitao determined to cut off contact with the CCP also followed.
When Dai Jitao was in charge of drafting the "Party Program of the Communist Party of China", the program was discussed, revised and drafted together by everyone. One of the programs caught Dai Jitao's attention: "Communist members do not serve as officials of the bourgeois government, do not join A political organization of the bourgeoisie.”
Dai Jitao breathed a sigh of relief on the spot, and he finally “woke up” that he was not the same as the Communist Party, and that the Communist Party’s revolution was not what he imagined at all: with moderate means and the government Cooperate and take the path of legal struggle for power in parliament. He temporarily held back his consternation, and when he returned home, he wept alone. He was very painful in his heart. He remembered that despite Sun Yat-sen's objection, he still interacted with Chen Duxiu and others. What a wrong choice! He used to think that if he was a Marxist, he would be able to come together, but now he regrets it: it turns out that I have fundamentally different goals from them, and that I have different ways and do not conspire with each other.
Dai Jitao did a lot of preparatory work in the early stage of the establishment of the CCP. Even when the Chinese Socialist Youth League was established in Shanghai, Dai Jitao's home was used as the site of the group, and a sign of "Foreign Language School" was put up to the outside world, which was actually the seat of the Communist Party group. Dai Jitao has such a deep relationship with the CCP, but because of differences in values and worldviews, he failed to come together. In the end, he did not join the CCP, drifted away from the CCP, and eventually parted ways.
Actively opposed the Communist Party and became Chiang Kai-shek's chief "strategist"
Three years later, Dai Jitao followed Sun Yat-sen to attend the National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party held in January 1924, and was elected as the executive member and standing member of the Central Committee, and served as the head of the Central Propaganda Department. Since then, Dai Jitao has become a banner figure of the right wing of the Kuomintang, and he has also publicly stated that he will kill the Chinese Communists and become a complete anti-communist master.
After Sun Yat-sen's death, there was turmoil within the party. Dai Jitao stood up and claimed that he was the authentic heir of Sun Yat-sen's thought.
He took a fancy to Chiang Kai-shek. Not only was Chiang a friend he made while studying in Japan, but he also admired Chiang's ideological and political talents. Dai Jitao was determined to be Xu Maogong who assisted Li Shimin, actively advised Chiang Kai-shek, won Jiang's respect, and made great contributions to the cause of the Kuomintang.
On April 12, 1927, Dai Jitao strongly supported Chiang Kai-shek and launched the "April 12" campaign with Chiang to oppose the policy of uniting with Russia, the Communist Party, and helping farmers and workers, arresting and massacring Communist Party members and dissident revolutionary masses.
Regarding this action, Dai Jitao wrote the Outline of the Strategies for Leaving Russia and Purging the Party, which was exactly what Chiang Kai-shek needed. Without Dai Jitao as a pen to "rationalize and justify" the actions of eliminating dissidents and massacres, Chiang Kai-shek would not dare to make a big deal about the Party's suppression of the Communist Party.
There must be a reason for killing people, and Dai Jitao is the one who directly handed over the knife. With his "pen" and his strategy, Dai Jitao became the theoretical writer and behind-the-scenes staff of Chiang Kai-shek's government, laying a crucial foundation for Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship.
Disillusionment, suicide by taking medicine
History has never been entrusted to the wrong person. Since 1948, the People's Liberation Army has defeated the Kuomintang army by several times, and has also completely penetrated the psychological defense line of some high-level members of the Kuomintang.
In November of that year, Chen Brai, one of Chiang Kai-shek's protagonists, committed suicide. Dai Jitao was crying in front of his tombstone. At that time, he did not understand why Chen Brai was so fragile that he took the road of suicide.
He soon understood in the second year, the Kuomintang was so rotten that it was hopeless, it was a terrible loser!
At that time, the Kuomintang was in a dead end, and the only option left was to withdraw from the mainland. Chiang Kai-shek was trapped and still fighting, and finally chose to retreat to Taiwan, so he ordered someone to inform Dai Jitao.
Dai Jitao asked people to verbally reply with three words: "No need to go". Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to persuade. This time, Dai Jitao sighed and said, "I won't go, I hope I can go back to my hometown in Sichuan so that I can spend the rest of my life with my parents in Jiuquan." Can the mainland hold him? He probably had a glimmer of hope.
Subsequently, the CCP released a list of 43 first-class war criminals, and Dai Jitao saw that he was ranked 16th.
He stayed up all night this night, and finally understood how Chen Brai felt before his death.
On February 11, 1949, the man named Dai Jitao took sleeping pills in an ordinary guest house in Guangzhou and ended his glorious life.
After his death, everyone was more certain about one thing: the Kuomintang was in a desperate situation and was really about to collapse!
At the end of 1949, Chiang Kai-shek came to Sichuan on the last day before he went to Taiwan. He came to Dai Jitao's tomb and told his old friend: You have returned to your hometown as you wished. Chiang Kai-shek was silent for a long time before "wearing the cemetery" alone, then grabbed a handful of soil from the ground, put it in his jacket pocket, and got into the car.
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