1. Repeated villain: Lu Bu
Lu Bu was a famous general and warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Courageously crown the world, known as "the horse is in the red rabbit, the man is in the Lu Bu".
served as Ding Yuan, , Dong Zhuo, and 's generals. He also played for Yuan Shao. After Liu Bei and Yuan Shu fought, he occupied Xuzhou and became a force on his own. Originally surnamed Lu, he successively recognized Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo as foster fathers, and then rebelled against Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo. Zhang Fei was called the "Three Family Slaves".
Because of Xiaowu, Lu Bu was awarded the title of riding captain and chief director of Hanoi because of Xiaowu. After Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, he was trapped by Dong Zhuoli and killed Ding Yuan. He led the crowd to turn to Dong Zhuo and became Dong Zhuo's adopted son, and was awarded as a general. After Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an , he was unscrupulous and caused dissatisfaction with courtiers. Although Dong Zhuo "has a lot of love for Lu Bu and swears to be a father and son," Dong Zhuo, who is tyrannical and moody, often uses Lu Bu as a punching bag. Situ Wang Yun then used Diao Chan to set up a "beauty trick" to provoke Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu's relationship, and Dong Zhuo was suspicious. In the end, the "beauty trick" succeeded, and Lu Bu killed Dong Zhuo for Diao Chan. Immediately after being defeated by Dong Zhuo's old ministry, he fled Chang'an and went to the Yuan brothers. After being jealous by the Yuan brothers, he assassinated and hunted down Lu Bu. The two turned their faces. Later, he was defeated by Cao Cao and switched to Liu Bei . As a result, Lu Bu attacked Xiapi under the lure of Yuan Shu's funding of military rations and played a trick to "anti-customer-oriented" and seized Liu Bei's Xuzhou. When Liu Bei and Yuan Shu fought, they robbed Liu Bei of the site, and Liu Bei could only become a "landless" force and could only defect to Cao Cao.
Upstairs at the White Gate, when Lu Bu was captured by Cao Cao and was about to be executed at the last moment, he also hoped that he would command the cavalry for Cao Cao in exchange for a living. Lu Bu asked to loosen the tie. Cao Cao laughed and said, "The tiger has to be tied tightly." Lu Bu added: " Cao Gong gets me, I lead the cavalry, and Cao Gong leads the infantry, and can unite the world." Cao Cao was quite moved, but Liu Bei said to the side: "Dong Ming, do you see how Lu Bu served , Ding Jianyang and Dong Taishi! "Lü Bu said before his death: "Liu Bei, Big Earer, can't believe it!" In the end,Lu Bu was hanged and killed.
Lv Bu's subordinates also have generals like Zhang Liao and Gao Shun, especially Gao Shun is very loyal and willing to accompany Lv Bu to be killed, but Lv Bu doesn't know how to use it. The rest of the generals were very dissidents, so most of the battles failed. Lu Bu alone could not stand against the sky. In the end, his subordinates Hou Cheng , Song Xian, and Wei Xu tied up Chen Gong and led them to surrender, completely destroying Lu Bu's fighting spirit.
Chen Shou commented on Lv Bu in "Three Kingdoms-The Seventh Commentary of Lv Bu Zang Hong's Biography": "Lv Bu has the courage of a tiger, but no heroic strategy, light cunning and repetition, only profit is considered. Since ancient times, there is no such thing as this. This will not be destroyed."
2. Indecision: Yingbu
Yingbu was a famous general from the late Qin and Han dynasties. He was tattooed for being convicted by the Qin law, commonly known as tattooing. Yingbo, who was born in a humble background, was later taken to Lishan as a serviceman and built the tomb of Emperor Qin Shihuang. Yingbo had contact with criminal leaders and heroes, and then led some people to escape to other places to become thieves.
After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising, he gathered thousands of people and started the uprising. He took refuge in Xiangliang and supported the king of Chuhuai. After Xiang Liang was killed by the Qin general Zhang Han, Xiang Yu killed Song Yi and won the command of the Chu army. With Yingbu as the vanguard, he defeated the Qin army that was besieging the Julu, and later killed 200,000 Qin Jiangmen, becoming Xiang Yu_ One of the generals under span2span, Yingbu fought bravely and repeatedly broke the Qin army, and was named the King of Jiujiang by Xiang Yu. After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, Yingbo killed his son Ying.
Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu in Pengcheng, but Ying Bu was still unable to save his illness, which caused Xiang Yu's resentment towards Ying Bu. When Liu Bang fought against Xiang Yu and Pengcheng again, and Liu Bang was defeated, Liu Bang sent Sui He to Jiujiang to lobby Yingbo, rebelling against Chu and returning to Han. Xiang Yu sent Chu to attack Jiujiang with Longju, but Yingbu lost to the Han and fled to Han, and he officially returned to Han from then on. Then he moved to Gaixia with the Han army, and Xiang Yu finally killed himself in Wujiang.The Chu-Han War ended.
Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty and was named the King of Huainan, and Yingbu became one of the princes of different surnames. Together with Hanxin and Peng Yue, he was named the three great generals in the early Han Dynasty. In the eleventh year of the Han Dynasty (196 before), Lu Houzhu killed Huaiyin Hou Han Xin, and Yingbo was very frightened. Then, the King of Han killed Liang Wang Peng Yue , and he was the only one of the three "kings of different surnames". Yingbo was particularly frightened and worried that he would have the same fate. He secretly deployed people, assembled the army, began to accumulate strength, and made combat plans. After
, he was accused by Ben He, who was a concubine, and was forced to rebel. In the end, he was defeated by Liu Bang and was killed.
3. Cunning and changeable: Hou Jing
Hou Jing was a famous traitor in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Hou Jing is a native of Huaisho Town in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a Xianbei Jie tribe. He has outstanding arm strength and is good at riding and shooting. In his early years, he served as a soldier in Border Town of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Later, he led his troops to defeat and Ge Rong and was promoted to Ding. The state assassin was entrusted with the title of Puyang County Gong. In 551 AD, Xiao Dong was ordered to resign, Hou Jing ascended the throne, the name of the country was changed to Han Dynasty, and Yuan Taishi was changed to the Southern Liang Emperor. Hou Jing slaughtered and plundered everywhere, bringing serious disasters to the common people. The history is called " Hou Jing chaos" ".
Hou Jing was originally a traitor in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. He was taken in by Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan. Because of his dissatisfaction with the Liang Dynasty and Eastern Wei Tong, he recruited soldiers in Shouyang (now Shouxian, Anhui) in the name of the Emperor of Qing Dynasty , Raised troops to rebel, captured Liang Dynasty capital Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in 549, and controlled the military and political power of Liang Dynasty. Emperor Liang Wu was captured and eventually starved to death. After Hou Jing supported the two puppet emperors, he finally became the emperor by himself, with the name Han. After Hou Jing got up his army, he supported and deposed Xiao Zhengde , Xiao Gang (Jianwen Emperor) and Xiao Dong three puppet emperors, and finally established himself as emperor in 551.The country name Han.
In the first year of Liang Chengsheng (552 AD), the general of Liang Dynasty Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian led the army from Jiangling to attack Jiankang. Hou Jing’s rebels were defeated. Hou Jing took only a few dozen confidants and fled in a small boat. He ran halfway and chased more and more soldiers. The cronies descended and slipped away, scared Hou. Jing threw his two young sons into the water and drowned. Shanqi continued to flee halfway and was killed by his subordinates, the sheep-kun. The rebellion finally died down. Wang Sengbian cut off his hands and gave it to Gao Yang, and sent his head to Jiangling . The body was exposed on the streets of Jiankang. The local people ate Hou Jing's body to death. Because of Hou Jing's brutality during his rule, the people hated him. When he saw his corpse came over to eat his meat, the remaining bits were burned, and the ashes were distributed to those who had not eaten the meat and put them in the water. Drink it to relieve the hatred. Emperor Liang Yuan, Xiao Yi, ordered his head to be hung in the downtown Jiangling for public display, then boiled his head, painted it, and delivered it to the arsenal for scolding by later generations. He received the same treatment as Wang Mang who usurped the Western Han Dynasty.
After the Hou Jing Rebellion, the social economy of the Jiangnan area was devastated, which intensified the situation in which the south was weak and the north was strong. In the Hou Jing Rebellion, the noble clans not only fully exposed their corruption and incompetence, but also received an extremely heavy blow, which greatly accelerated the decline and fall of the Southern Dynasty noble clans. Span1span Chen Baxian , who was born in Jiangnan Han, took advantage of the trend and replaced the Liang Dynasty and established the Chen Dynasty 5 years after the chaos. The two countries in the Northern Dynasty, especially the Western Wei Dynasty, took advantage of the Hou Jing's rebellion to annex large tracts of land in the Southern Dynasty, and their national strength increased sharply, laying a solid foundation for the unification of China in the Sui Dynasty.
Fourth, the anti-rebellion is often: Anlushan
Anlushan is the first founder of one of the separatist forces in the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the towns and rebels were also one of the main initiators of the Anshi Rebellion. Regime, reign title Shengwu.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, although the social economy reached unprecedented prosperity and a flourishing age, in the late period of Tang Xuanzong's rule, class contradictions, contradictions among the people, contradictions among the rulers, and contradictions between the central and local separatist forces gradually intensified.The treacherous officials in power have deepened the contradictions within the ruling class, especially the struggle for power between Yang Guozhong and Anlu Mountain, which became the fuse of the Anshi Rebellion. In addition, there is also a rift between the Northwest faction Jiedushi Ge Shuhan and the Northeast faction Jiedushi Anlu Mountain. The cross between the inside and the outside made the contradictions between the ruler and the ministers, the civil servants and the generals in the later Tang Xuanzong ruling class increasingly sharp.
An Lushan is the strongest among the side armies and the most complete in the district. He has insight into the inside situation, so he has the heart of the court, and intends to betray the Tang in the name of discussion. In November of the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan raised troops in Fanyang. In the name of fighting against Yang Guozhong and Qingjun, he and Pinglu Jeddu envoy Shi Siming launched a rebellion, with the force of the three towns, and directed towards Luoyang, the eastern capital. The Anshi Rebellion broke out, a war that completely rewritten the history of the Tang Dynasty and will profoundly affect the entire Chinese history. Under the wrong strategy of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Iron Cavalry of Anlu Mountain captured Luocheng, and in the first month of the following year, in the Luoyang , the founding of the Great Yan, the Yuan Shengwu, and the self-proclaimed Emperor Xiongwu.
Chang'an, where Tang Xuanzong was located, learned that Tongguan could not hold it, and fled to Xishu for refuge. Later, when they traveled to Maweipo, the soldiers of the Sixth Army finally couldn't bear it. They launched a mutiny to kill Yang Guozhong and others. Gao Lishi and others constricted and killed Yang Guifei. Soon Prince Li Heng ascended the throne by himself in Lingwu and respected Li Longji as the Supreme Emperor. In June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Anlu Mountain occupied Chang'an, Chang'an fell, the crown prince fled, Anshi Rebellion entered the highest peak.
An Lushan grew obese and became obese in his later years. His belly fell under his knees and weighed three hundred and thirty jin. Whenever he walked, he could only lift his body with two shoulders to move his feet. After Anlushan lost his eyesight, he relied on his confidant eunuch to dress for a long time. Because he loved the younger son, the second son An Qingxu Seeing that Anlushan did not favor him, he was resentful and ordered Anlushan's favored eunuch . Li Zhuer was dressing for him,After stabbing him to death with a knife, the Anfang forces began to go downhill.
Later, Shi Siming killed An Qingxu, who was the emperor of Yan, and made up An Lushan as Emperor Guanglie. In March of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), the rebels fought inwardly. Shi Siming was killed by his son and Shi Chaoyi . The internal renunciation caused repeated defeats by the Tang army. In the spring of the second year of Baoying (763), the Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for seven years and two months, ended.
V. Cruelty: Zhu Wen
The founding emperor of Houliang, Tang Xizong gave the name "Zhu Quanzhong", and changed his name to Zhu Huang after he ascended the throne.
In the second year of Qianfu (875), Zhu Wen participated in Wang Xianzhi and the peasant rebel army led by Huangchao. They had many martial arts and were able to conquer the battle. He soon became a powerful general of Huangchao and was sealed by Huangchao. For important positions such as the defense history of the same state. However, when he discovered that the forces of Huang Chao had retreated, he quickly led his army to defect to Huang Chao and rushed to the embrace of the Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), he was attached to the Tang army Wang Chongrong and Yang Fuguang, and jointly suppressed the Huang Chaojun with Li Keyong. Because of his merits in suppressing the Huangchao Army, it is ironic that Tang Xizong gave him a new name "Zhu Quanzhong", granted him the official position of General Zuo Jinwu, and served as deputy envoy of Henan Zhongxing camp. The following year, he worshipped Bianzhou governor and Xuanwu army Jiedu for such important positions, and then he was promoted to the king of Liang.
Zhu Wen and Hedong Jiedu, who led the Shatuo Army, made Li Keyi and others jointly pursue his former comrades of the peasant army, forcing Huang Chao to be defeated and killed in the Taishan Wolf Tiger Valley. With Henan as the center, he tried his best to expand his power and gradually became the largest separatist power in the late Tang Dynasty. Tang Zhaozong In the first year of Tianfu (901), Zhu Wen led his army into Guanzhong and controlled the central government of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of God You (904), Tang Zhaozong was forced to move to Luoyang by force, and Zhaozong was killed soon. The son of Li Zhaozong, Li Jong, was the emperor, namely Tang Aidi (also known as Emperor Zhaoxuan).
The first year of Kaiping (907), thirty years later,Zhu Wen has become the overlord, no one can stop the world. Zhu Wen seized the throne of Emperor Tang Ai through the form of renunciation, and proclaimed himself emperor in Tang Dynasty, named Liang for the founding of the country, renamed Kaiping, and was known as the "back Liang" in history. It completely ended the 289-year rule of the Tang Dynasty and opened up the troubled times of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
Zhu Wensheng was cruel, licentious, and murderous like weeds. After drying for two years (912), Zhu Wen was killed by his parents and sons Zhu Youjin, Zhu Wen reigned six At the age of 61, he was buried in Xuanling Mausoleum with the posthumous title of Emperor Wu Yuan Shengxiao and the temple title Taizu.
VI. Recognizing the thief as the father: Shi Jingtang
The founding emperor of the late Jin Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the famous "er emperor" in history.
Shi Jingtan will be stinking for thousands of years, and he is called a sinner of the ages, a traitor, a traitor, etc., which is mainly related to three things. One is to cede Youyun Sixteen Prefecture (Yanyun Sixteen Prefecture); The younger Yeludeguang was his father. Shi Jingtang was 45 years old and Yelu Deguang was only 34 years old. The third was to borrow troops from Qidan to destroy the Tang Dynasty.
Shi Jingyuan once helped Li Siyuan ascend the throne, marry Li Siyuan's daughter, run Hedong, charge and fall into battle with outstanding achievements. After the late emperor of the Tang Dynasty Li Congke ascended the throne, he worshipped the Hedong Jiedu Envoy and was named Zhao Guogong. He was given the title of "Promoting the Heaven and Qiyun Zhongzheng Hero", but the monarchs and his subjects were susceptible to each other.
In the third year of Qingtai (936), he rose up in rebellion and was trapped in Taiyuan, so he asked Khitan for help. With the support of the Khitan soldiers, Shi Jingtan established the third dynasty of the Five Dynasties and later Jin, in order to "Zhien Illustrated" Not only did the Sixteen States of Youyun, the barrier of the Central Plains be ceded to Khitan, the large areas of today's Hebei and northwestern Shanxi were ceded to Khitan. The Youyun Sixteen Prefectures are the natural barriers in the north. So far, the Central Plains was completely exposed under the Khitan iron hoof. It was not until the rise of the Great Empire that this humiliating history ended. . At the same time, a lot of money was given away,I expressed my gratitude. After thinking about it, it was still not enough to express the kindness of knowing and meeting. I simply recognized Yelv Deguang, who was ten years younger than him, as his father. The thick skin made people feel shameful. In November of the first year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (936), Emperor Taizong of the Liao Dynasty, Yelvde Guangci Shi Jingtan became the emperor, changed Yuan Tianfu, the name of the country was Jin, the Khitan master dismissed his clothes and gave it to him. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty officially ascended the throne and set the capital Bianliang, and established the Later Jin Dynasty.
In the 7th year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (942), Shi Jingzhen became melancholic, and died in humiliation in June. At the age of 51, he was named the sage emperor Wu Mingde and was buried in Xianling. .
Shi Jingtan, willing to be the "er emperor" who is willing to be a compliant "er emperor", ceded the Yanyun sixteen prefectures to foreigners, thus handing over the northern people to the cruel iron hoof rule of the Khitan people. From then on, China has " The shameful title of "child emperor". His actions had too much influence on future generations. After at least four hundred years, it directly changed the destiny of the Central Plains dynasty, and it was naturally not easy to be forgotten by future generations.
Seven, forbearance and speculation: Wu Sangui
Wu Sangui was a native of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty. He was a minister in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Span1span Wu Xiang was the son of and his ancestor's nephew. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), he returned to the Qing Dynasty, participated in the Shanhaiguan battle, defeated Li Zicheng, was named Pingxi King, and followed the Qing army into the customs. Putting down the civil chaos and siege of the city, quite meritorious. Wu Sangui's tribe was the last strong cavalry force in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, Li Zicheng had already reached Beijing quickly, and Emperor Chongzhen Feishu asked Wu Sangui's tribe to return to the capital. It's a pity that Wu Sangui's tribe slowly swallowed it. When they arrived in Fengrun, Hebei, Beijing had fallen and Chongzhen had committed suicide.
Wu Sangui retreated to Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng recruited Wu Sangui, and Wu Sangui agreed to surrender. After Li Zicheng and others entered Beijing, apart from collecting corpses for and emperor Chongzhen , they also attacked the officials of the Ming dynasty. ,And Wu Sangui's father Wu Xiang is also listed here. Wu Sangui heard that his father was abused and his beloved concubine Chen Yuanyuan was occupied by Liu Zongmin, which had to be said to be a shame, so he was so angry that he became a beauty, turned against Dashun and retaken Shanhaiguan. Li Zicheng led an army to attack Shanhaiguan. Wu Sangui was defeated and borrowed from Manqing Dorgon , and led the Qing troops to attack Li Zicheng. Li Zicheng was defeated.
In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), Wu Sangui took the post of Pingxi Grand General, conquered Yungui to the south, chasing after Nanming Emperor Yongli went to Yunnan and Burma, and finally hanged Emperor Yongli with a bowstring. For more than ten years, Wu Sangui led his troops to fight from the northwest to the southwest border, and established a special feat for the Qing Dynasty to establish rule over the country. Later, after Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, Wu Sangui was listed as the San Francisco, with the charge of being scolded by Wanfu, with his remaining value, he became the "king of Pingxi."
In the early years of Kangxi, it was heard that Kangxi wanted to withdraw from the feudal clan. The Qing Dynasty's decision to withdraw the three feudal clans together shattered Wu Sangui's dream of "world town Yunnan" and rebelled again. He rebelled against the Qing with other two feudal clan Shangzhixin, Geng Jingzhong , and Qiyuan's subordinate Wang Fuchen, which was known as the Rebellion of San Francisco. Despite the magnitude of the San Francisco Rebellion, it was ultimately no match for the Qing cavalry and ended in failure. Kangxi In the thirteenth year (1674), Wu Sangui proclaimed the emperor in Hengzhou, Hunan, and the country was named Great Zhou. In August of the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Wu Sangui was in the capital city Hengzhou (now Hengyang) Palace Beng was sixty-seven years old and had only been emperor for more than five months.
Wu Sangui, in troubled times, had chosen several times, had no principles in his life, and colluded with the Qing Dynasty to fight against his own forces. Secretly cultivate his own power, the ultimate goal is to become emperor ascended the throne. In the end, his wish was indeed fulfilled, but it was too short-lived, and he died before he could enjoy it. Although his dream of the emperor came true, it was infamous for the first time, so he ended up like this in the end.
8. There is a loss in the festivals: Fan Wencheng
A politician and strategy strategist in the early Qing Dynasty.There were four emperors of Qing Taizu, Qing Taizong, Qing Shizu, and Qing Shengzu. They were important ministers of the early Qing Dynasty. Most of the regulations during the founding of the Qing Dynasty came from his hands, and they are regarded as the head of civil servants.
Fan Wencheng is an unprecedented traitor who surrenders to a foreign race, and who has committed to destroying his own country throughout his life. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), the Eight Banners Army of the Later Jin Dynasty captured Fushun. Fan Wencheng and his brother Fan Wencai asked to see him. Participated in the attack on North Korea, the formation of Mongolia, the construction of the national system, etc., and became a powerful staff of Nurhachi.
After the Qing army entered the , Fan Wencheng suggested that the regent Dorgon adopt a policy of tenderness, to mourn the death of Ming Chongzhen emperor, perform the funeral of the emperor, and where the strategy of crusade against the Ming Dynasty, Instigate against Ming Dynasty officials, he participated in the decision-making in order to win the Ming Dynasty ruling class surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Later, it was suggested to adopt the imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty and restore the township examinations and public examinations in order to win the support of Han intellectuals for the Qing regime. The implementation of Fan Wencheng's suggestions played a great role in consolidating the Qing regime and was appreciated by the Qing Dynasty. Fan Wencheng actively conquered the Ming Dynasty and provided suggestions for the establishment of a new system in the Qing Dynasty. He was regarded as the first of the founding civil servants of the Qing Dynasty.
When Huang Taiji was in power, Fan Wencheng's wife looked very beautiful. After Duo Duo found out, he sent someone to Fan Mansion and captured Fan Wencheng's wife to Prince Yu Mansion. After occupying it for 3 months, Fan Wencheng dared not speak.
He assisted four Qing emperors throughout his life. After the death of Emperor Kangxi in 1666, Fan Wencheng died at the age of 70. Kangxi wrote the sacrificial essay by himself and bestowed it on Hongluo Mountain in Huairou County and awarded the posthumous title "Wen Su". Emperor Kangxi personally wrote the four characters "Yuanfu Gaofeng" as his highest evaluation.
The Manchus were ethnic minorities from the frontiers at that time, and Fan Wencheng had taken refuge because he could not be reused, and betrayed his country and the Ming Dynasty monarch for his personal utility.There is a loss in the big festival.
Nine, the legacy of the second minister: Hong Chengchou
General in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, once held the positions of Shangshu, Taifu, Young Master of the Ministry of War.
In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Hong Chengchou and ancestor longevity and other surrenders officially held a surrender ceremony and bowed their heads in front of Huang Taiji. Hong Chengchou used to encircle and suppress peasant uprisings at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and suggested that the Qing Dynasty adopt the Ming Dynasty rule system to quickly stabilize the south; after the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi Emperor treated Hong Chengchou very seriously. Former Ming Dynasty bachelor, Hong Chengchou's relationship in the South is intertwined, and his reputation still exists. He should be an ideal candidate to recruit the Southeast.
Emperor Shunzhi was very respectful of Hong Chengchou and promoted him to a bachelor's degree, responsible for the war in the south. Hong Chengchou adopted the strategy of "providing the mainstay with caress, supplemented with suppression" and calmed Jiangnan at a relatively low cost. He also suggested that the ruling group should "learn Chinese and know Chinese", understand Han etiquette and customs, advocate Confucianism, and play down the differences between Manchu and Han. There were many opinions, and most of them were accepted by the Qing court. They were promoted. Under the promotion of Hong Chengchou, the continuity of traditional culture was guaranteed, and all ethnic groups gradually got along in harmony.
After entering the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou returned to his hometown and provincial relatives, and built a mansion in Quanzhou. After the completion of the Hong Mansion, he did not have a family or friend. It was Hong Chengchou's mother and younger brother who refused to move in. The younger brother felt the country's demise, his elder brother surrendered to the enemy, vowed that he would not wear the Qing Dynasty on his head, and he would not tread on the Qing Dynasty. After Hong Chengchou was called back to Beijing from the governor-general of the south of the Yangtze River, he sent people to welcome his mother north. The old lady Hong traveled thousands of miles and did not hesitate to make a sigh of evil for the people of the Central Plains. Her national integrity was praised by future generations, and Hong mother scolded her son. Become a typical example of traditional loyalty education.
In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Hong Chengchou passed away. Emperor Kangxi issued an imperial edict, donated the young master, posthumous title Wenxiang, buried the Jingshi Chedaogou, and erected an imperial stele. Hong Chengchou is a relatively complicated historical figure.There have always been mixed reviews of him. He was a heavy minister of the Ming Dynasty. After the defeat of Songshan, he was relegated to the Qing Dynasty and became the second minister. If it is demarcated by the ancient Chinese thought of loyalty, it is indeed not a loyal minister.
10. National scum: Wang Jingwei
When mentioning traits such as traitors and traitors in modern times, Wang Jingwei, the infamous traitor in modern Chinese history, is definitely the most influential figure!
In his early years, he devoted himself to the revolution. In his youth, he assassinated the supreme ruler of the Qing court as the regent, and became a famous "person of lofty ambition." Yuan Shikai studied in France during his rule. After returning to China in 1919, under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen , he founded the "Construction" magazine in Shanghai. In 1921, Sun Yat-sen assumed the presidency in Guangzhou, and Wang Jingwei served as the chairman of the education of Guangdong Province and an advisor to the Guangdong government. Sun Yat-sen was designated by Sun Yat-sen as one of the members of the presidium of the Nationalist Party in January 1924 at the "First National Congress", was elected as the Central Executive Committee member, and later served as the Central Propaganda Minister. In November, he went north to Beijing with Sun Yat-sen as secretary.
In March 1925, when Sun Yat-sen was critically ill, he was ordered to record Sun Yat-sen's will. As the drafter of the "Prime Minister's Will", he won universal respect within the Kuomintang. After Sun Yat-sen's death, he appeared as a "Leftist" who supported the three major policies and Sun Yat-sen's followers. In 1927, in the July 15 counter-revolutionary coup, Wang Jingwei cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek to kill and slaughter a large number of communists and revolutionary masses. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he even published a "yandian". After publicly surrendering to Japan in flattering language, he also actively attracted another group of traitors. In the spring of 1940, Wang Jingwei established a loyalty to Japanese imperialism at Nanjing. Puppet national government. The Wang puppet regime was a product and tool of the Japanese imperialists’ policy of aggression against China. It sold out national interests, helped Japanese aggressors to strengthen colonial rule over my country’s occupied areas, helped the Japanese slaughter the Chinese people, enslaved the people, and organized the puppet army. Suppress the underground anti-Japanese armed forces.
In 1944, he died of "bone marrow" in Nagoya, Japan.On November 23, he was buried on the side of the Kuomintang Prime Minister Sun Yat-sen, Meihuashan in the southwest of Nanjing Zhongshan Mausoleum. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the people of Nanjing were very dissatisfied that Wang Jingwei's tomb was left in Meihua Mountain and demanded its eradication. Under the pressure of public opinion, Chiang Kai-shek sent He Yingqin to remove this tomb. The coffin and corpse were transported to the Qingliangshan Crematorium for complete incineration. On January 21, 1946, the commander-in-chief of the Nationalist Government, He Yingqin, was ordered to blow up Wang Tomb. When he opened the coffin, he saw Wang Jingwei's body covered with blue sky, white sun and red flag. Because of the use of preservatives, the corpse has not yet decayed, and he was wearing a civil official's gown from the Nanjing government and a top hat.
As a wonderful reactionary political speculator in modern Chinese history, a typical traitor and traitor, he has been nailed to the shame of history forever.
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