Ningguta, which means "six" in Manchu, is located in Gucheng Village, Changting Town, Hailin City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. It was the office and resident of General Ningguta in the Qing Dynasty. Because Ninggu Tower is located in the northeast border, it is frozen all year round and the environment is harsh, so it became a place of exile for criminals outside the pass during the Qing Dynasty.
Ninggu Tower was a military center in the northeastern border region of the Qing Dynasty. There are two cities, the old and the new, 25 kilometers apart. The old city is located on the south bank of Hailang River, a tributary of the Songhua River. The new city was relocated in the fifth year of Kangxi. Ninggu Pagoda is an important base for supplying the Eight Banners troops to the imperial court and transporting supplies to the frontier troops. It is also a transfer point for the Northeast ethnic groups to pay tribute to the imperial court from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. It is as famous as Shengjing.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi, the Qing Dynasty set up Angbang Zhangjing guard at Ninggu Pagoda, and in the first year of Kangxi it was changed to guard by the general. General Ningguta was the highest officer of the Jilin Garrison in the early Qing Dynasty, in charge of the military and civilian affairs of the Garrison Banner and the local area. Under its jurisdiction, there are two deputy chiefs, ten assistant leaders, and 31 assistant leaders. In the fifteenth year of Kangxi, he moved to Jilin and was called the General of Jilin. Ningguta was replaced by the deputy capital unit. The famous anti-Russian general Bahai was the first general of Ningguta.
According to the "Unification History of the Qing Dynasty", its jurisdiction is "the sea on the east, borders on the west, white mountain in the south, and black water in the north". It is more than 590 miles from the edge of the wicker in the west, to Kaiyuan boundary of Shengjing Weiyuanbao; in the south, it is more than 1,300 miles from the Tumen River and the Yalu River in the south of Changbai Mountain, and it is separated from North Korea; in the north, it is beyond Heilongjiang to Waixinganling. After the Heilongjiang General's jurisdiction was demarcated in the 22nd year of Kangxi, the area of General Ningguta's jurisdiction was greatly reduced.
Qing dynasty film and television dramas often appeared in the line "Send to Ninggu Tower, never enter the customs", this entry refers to the Shanhaiguan. The "Laws of the Qing Dynasty" promulgated in the early Qianlong period stipulated that "the robbers are exempt from deaths, those who rob several houses and stop the first one, and those who confessed to the first thief are immediately seized..." and sent to Ninggu. The criminals in the tower usually take 10 years and then decide whether they are allowed to return to their original place according to the situation. If they are sentenced to life, they will never enter the customs unless the emperor specifically approves them.
The eight-flag system "rules the army with the flag, and the people with the flag". It ploughs the fields and hunts in peacetime, and goes into battle in wartime. According to their status, they are divided into three types: Aha, Armored and Qiding. Aha is a slave, mostly Han and Korean; the armored people are descendants of different nationalities, and have higher status than Aha; Qiding is a Jurchen. In the early Qing Dynasty, the armored guards guarded the frontiers, so the court would often ration prisoners or their families as slaves to stabilize the military. Later, there were fewer people, and the armored men referred to the soldiers on the border.
Among the people exiled in Ninggu Tower in history are Zheng Zhilong, the father of Zheng Chenggong, the famous anti-Qing Dynasty, the family of the literati Jin Shengtan, the famous poet Wu Zhaoqian, the Buddhist scholar Hanke, the family of the thinker Lu Liuliang, and so on. Among them, Wu Zhaoqian exiled Ninggu Pagoda for 23 years, and wrote a verse: Dan Chizhao worshipped the light car, Qianli Xiongfan built his own tooth. Sharing the same path to Fubo can help the country, and we should know that Huqi is not home. Xingmen is quiet during the day without beacon, snow and sea breeze is clear. The one-armed autumn eagle flew out and commanded Wanma to hunt Pingsha. After the streamers came to Ninggu Pagoda, they spread advanced farming techniques, suggested the establishment of a fur ginseng exchange trade center, and a "Reading Cottage" to teach and educate people. General Bahai also asked Yang Yue to teach Sinology to his two sons. After being inspired, he set up the first official school in Ningguta-Longcheng Academy. In terms of medicine, Lu Liuliang's grandson, Lu Yi, is also good at medical skills, saving countless lives and changing the local medical environment. He was also appointed as a medical officer in Ninggu Tower.
