As everyone knows, the last princess recorded in the "Manuscripts of Qing History" is Prince Gong's eldest daughter Princess Rongshou Gulun, and the real last princess born in the Qing Dynasty is Princess Xianfeng's daughter Rong An Gulun. Because Princess Rongshou Gulun is one year older than Princess Rong An Gulun. Since the birth of Princess Rong'an Gulun, there has never been a new little princess in the Forbidden City. So how many princesses were there in the Qing Dynasty? What are the similarities and differences between their life-long events and folk women? What about their relationship with in-laws after they get married? In this regard, we will come together one by one. The number of short lifespans is limited, and different phases are called
The short lifespan number is limited, and the phases are called different
Qing Dynasty, from Taizu Nurhachi, to Taizong Huangtaiji, and then Shizu Shunzhi into the customs, and finally To Wenzong Xianfeng, these nine emperors gave birth to a total of 86 emperors. At the same time, during these three hundred years, a total of 12 daughters of princes, county princes, and Baylor were raised. Therefore, in the early Qing Dynasty, there were a total of ninety-eight birth daughters and righteous daughters of the emperor. Of these 98, 33 of them died young. The average life expectancy of the princess in the Qing Dynasty is only 26 years, and the average life expectancy of the prince is only 32 years.
Tae Zu Nurhachi bust
The grade of the princess is actually very simple. Huang Taiji once stipulated: the daughter of the emperor, the princess Fenggulun who was born in the middle palace (later queen), the prince whose rank is equivalent to the first-class knighthood, the clan daughters born to or raised by the middle palace (queen), Princess Heshuo is equivalent to a princess. After that, the emperor's daughter had only two grades, either Princess Gulun or Princess Heshuo. However, many people regard this rule of Huang Taiji as an unchanging creed, thinking that only the daughter of the queen can seal Princess Gulun. In fact, this is not the case. Throughout the Qing dynasties, there were daughters of Princess Fenggulun who were not born to queens, and even the daughters of princes were also Princess Fenggulun. The most obvious example is that the eldest daughter of Prince Gong in the late Qing Dynasty was named Princess Rongshou Gulun by Cixi.
Taizonghuang Taiji bust
It is not uncommon for the daughter of a concubine or queen to be named Princess Gulun. What we said above, the last born Princess Rong'an Gulun in the Qing Dynasty was not the birth of Queen Xianfeng, but the biological daughter of Li Fei. And as we are most familiar with, Qianlong's last daughter and Princess Xiaogulun, whose biological mother was only Qianlong's concubine Dun. In addition to these two, Kangxi’s third daughter, Princess Gulun Rongxian, sixth daughter Gulun Kejing, tenth daughter Gulun, Jiaqing’s ninth daughter Huimin Gulun, and Daoguang’s ninth daughter Shouzhuang Princess Gulun. For these sealed princesses, their biological mother is not a queen.
Gulun Rongxian princess movie stills
Therefore, we can see that it is not only the queen born to the queen that can be named as the princess Gulun, the daughter of the concubine There are also many who have been sealed by Gulun's grade, and even for special reasons, the daughter of the prince can be named Princess Gulun by Jiaen. Among them, many readers sometimes find it difficult to distinguish between the rank and title of the princess. For example, we know Princess Rongshou Gulun, and many people call her Princess Rongshou Gulun. Which one is more accurate? In fact, the title of Princess Rong Shou Gu Lun is the most accurate. There is a question of time. Before Qianlong, the order of the princess's rank and title was the first rank and the title second. For example, the third daughter of Emperor Kangxi, we can call Princess Gulun Rongxian, the 15th daughter of the emperor, and Princess Shuo Dunke. In the future, the level and title of the princesses will be opposite to the previous ones, the title is first, and the level is second. For example, Qianlong called his ten princesses Gu Lun and Xiao Princess, Jiaqing's third daughter was Princess Heshuo, and the fourth daughter was Zhuang Jing. Princess Gulun. Emperor Daoguang clearly stipulated in the encyclical that the title of the princess should be written before Gulun and Heshuo. In this way, I believe that everyone is very clear about the official title of the princess.
and the princess Xiaogulun film and television stills
The emperor’s daughter has no worries about marrying, and the princess gets married. This is indeed true, and then again, the emperor climbs to his in-laws, who dares not agree. In the past, we paid attention to the matchmaking of parentsIn other words, this is especially true for the emperor's daughter. The princesses of the Qing Dynasty were even married by their father. Regardless of the father's reasons, the princess would never say a word about whom the princess was married to. Even if you are far away from your parents and marry Mongolia.
Qing Dynasty princess film and television stills
The day when the father Huang referred to his little princess to marry, an older minister with a complete couple announced this in front of the gate of Qianqing Happy event. And the future husband of the little princess was quickly appointed as the elder brother. Princess Gu Lun’s husband is of Gu Lun’s grade, which is equivalent to Beizi, while Princess Heshuo’s husband is Heshuo’s grade, whose grade is equivalent to Zhen Guo Gong. It can be seen that the grade of the husband depends on the grade of the princess. But there is a special example in the Qing Dynasty that is the forehead of the ten princesses of Kangxi. Because of his outstanding military exploits, Celen was named prince by Yongzheng, and his long-dead wife was only Princess Heshuo. At this time, in order to match the grade of her husband Celen, Yong Zheng had to chase his younger sister as Princess Gulun. This can be said to be the princess's light on her forehead.
十额驸策络
The emperor points out for his daughter after the marriage, the next step is to prepare before marriage. As the man's forehead, it is natural to set it in advance. Forehead first had to prepare eight horses and one camel, and later it was changed to nine sheep. In short, the largest number nine was required to represent the supremacy of the royal family. These items are called the first nine rituals. Choose an auspicious day and send it in from Wumen by the forehead. Next, the royal family will hold an engagement banquet for the princess. On this day, the ancestor will send in the ninety seats, ninety-nine sheep, and forty-five bottles of wine prepared in advance, and the Royal House of Internal Affairs will organize the following banquet. The emperor feasted the officials and clansmen in the Baohe Hall, and feasted the female relatives in the Queen Mother's Palace. After the banquet, forehead and members of the clan knelt and knocked down to the Queen's Palace together outside the inner right gate (west of Qianqing Gate). This is the princess's initial ceremony, which is what we often call the engagement ceremony.
The camel in the old Beijing city
After the initial ceremony, I waited for the princess to officially marry. Before the wedding day of the princess, the dowry that the emperor had prepared for the princess must be sent to the princess mansion (the princess usually has his own mansion after getting married). The princess's dowry is naturally beyond the reach of folk women. Among them, there are not only jewelry, clothes, satin horses, but also dowry maids, people, and villagers. The day before the princess married, these generous dowry had been sent to the princess's mansion. The next day is the wedding day of the princess and the forehead. But on this day, forehead will first go to Wumen to send a nine-nine gift: Wenma twenty-nine (eighteen), saddle and armor twenty-nine (eighteen), 21 free horses, six camels At the same time, there are ninety seats and ninety-nine sheep (eighty-one). But considering the family burden of the emperor, or let the emperor be fully prepared for the wedding, sometimes the emperor’s father-in-law would exempt the emperor’s ninety-nine gifts.
Emperor Jiaqing’s saddle
On this day, if it is Princess Gulun, another banquet will be held in the Hall of Preservation and the Imperial Palace. The time scale is the same. But the lower grade Princess Heshuo does not have this treatment. Before leaving her natal house (the imperial palace), the princess would naturally go to the empress dowager, the emperor, and the queen to pay her farewells. When auspicious time arrived, the princess left the palace to marry.
Now Baohe Temple
At this time, the princess is sitting on top of Caiyu, guided by the maid. There was also a mighty leading guard of honor in front, holding ten lanterns, twenty torches, and forty red felts. At the same time, the Minister of the Interior and other officials also guided them on horseback. There is a horse escort by the guards behind. There are also various items that the emperor bestows on the princess and forehead. The scene definitely does not lose the royal face. The streets have long been filled with yellow soil, and clear water is splashed on the streets. They are clean, and people are not allowed to walk around at will. In this way, the family sending team swept to the front of the princess mansion. The officials dismounted, and the guard of honor was placed in front of the door, while the princess rode Caiyu to the main court, assisted by the life wife. The son's father leads the family man to meet in the outer hall, while the son's mother naturally leads the family's female family to meet in the inner hall. At this time, the princess entered the main room, and when it was auspicious, she was about to drink a cup of wine with her forehead.
Ji ShiyiThen, the ceremony began. At this time, the fate of the married woman served the wine. Then, the princess and forehead exchanged cups and drink. This is considered a wedding. The princess and forehead became a real couple. On the second day, the emperor would order the House of Internal Affairs to prepare six tables of meals and four buckets of tea to be sent to the Princess’ House to show his father’s care for his daughter after marriage. As a father, how much dowry does the emperor really accompany his daughter? What is the economic situation of the princess after her marriage?
The princess is married with a heavy gift, and she feeds her mother-in-law's home overnight.
The princess gets married. Many people only know that the gift is generous, but they don’t know how much it is. Although each princess's specific bride price is different, there is also a clear rule. Before getting married, the princess only had a basic fee of twenty taels of silver per month except for the reward. Of course it's not too much for the princess, but for the average soldier, twenty taels of silver a month is simply incredible. Ordinary flag soldiers in the Qing Dynasty only had 1.5 taels of silver a month, like the vests only had three taels of silver a month, Lao She's father belonged to the vests. In addition to the tael, it is 3 taels per month, and only 36 taels per year. Therefore, the basic monthly fee for the princess is the half-year payment for the vest.
Silver and copper money
However, after the princess got married, the economic situation changed dramatically. This includes a generous dowry. Princess Gu Lun married, and only rewarded silver as much as 12,000. During the Jiaqing period, Princess Zhuang Jinggulun got married. In the dowry delivered, only one item of gold was discounted for more than three thousand five hundred taels of silver. At the same time, after the princess gets married, she has to receive a fixed salary every year. Before Daoguang, Princess Gulun who stayed in the capital earned four hundred taels a year, and Princess Heshuo three hundred taels a year. Princess Gulun's forehead can receive three hundred taels, and Princess Heshuo's forehead can receive 250 taels. It can be seen that Princess Gulun earns 700 taels of salaries per year, and Princess Heshuo earns 550 taels of salaries per year. During the Daoguang period, Emperor Daoguang thought that Princess Gulun's salary was too small and not enough to spend, so he more than doubled Princess Gulun's salary to 1,200 taels per year.
The portrait of Zhuang Jinggulun painted by the present man
At the same time when the princess is married, the emperor will also reward the princess with a pawnshop and several official rooms. This is equivalent to the daughter who is now married to the natal family, and a company is the same as several rent-collecting shops. The pawnshop profits and official rents naturally belong to the princess, but these are managed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Don't think that there are only these. The emperor will allocate 40 thousand taels of silver from the Department of Internal Affairs and Reserves as capital to store and earn interest. Although this part of the money is not owned by the princess, the annual interest of one thousand taels belongs to the princess. All the money is used as the daily expenses of the princess after her marriage. The annual basic salary is 1,200 taels, and the rent for the storefront house is about 130 taels. At the same time, there is also a 1,000 taels of interest. Of the 12,000 taels awarded by the emperor, there are 12,000 taels per month in pawnshops. Income. Therefore, the princess can earn two thousand four five hundred taels of silver each year.
广存司印铜印
When Princess Rongan Gulun, the last born in the Qing Dynasty, got married, there was a clear record of her financial situation. There is one pawnshop outside Chaoyangmen, totaling around 108,600 yuan (108,600 taels), and six pawnshops outside Zhengyangmen, 236 houses, and a monthly rent of one One hundred thirty two. It can be seen that renting a house in Beijing was not expensive before. At the same time, Princess Rong'an Gulun still has one thousand two hundred taels of salaries. Of the twelve thousand taels of reward silver, one thousand taels are stored in the pawnshop, and there are more than one hundred taels of interest silver each month. It can be seen that the income of Princess Rong'an Gulun after her marriage is almost the same as that prescribed by the court. Of course, in addition to these stipulated inputs, the princess will also be rewarded by the emperor. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, on the eighty-year-old Wanshou Festival, a reward of five thousand taels of silver was given to Princess Xiaogulun. In addition to the annual fixed income, the additional income of the princess is also expensive.
Rong'an Gulun Princess Mansion Second Jinyuan
It can be said that after the princess gets married, there is no need for her in-law’s expenses at all, which not only reduces her in-law’s expenses, but even Can also help her in-laws. Therefore, the princess's marriage can be described as feeding her husband's family overnight. however, The husband's family married the princess, although the face is infinitely glorious, and there is no need to worry about the economy, the inner suffering is also incomprehensible to outsiders.
The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law get along very harmoniously, because the status disparity is huge.
After the princess marries the emperor, in the family of emperor, there is no doubt who has the highest status. Not only must the forehead be obedient to the princess's wife, but even the mother-in-law and father-in-law must behave in a humble attitude towards the princess and daughter-in-law. Before Daoguang, many people could hardly imagine that the daughter-in-law who had met with his parents and his parents bowed to their knees like a younger generation met an elder. Every day before going out or after returning home, I have to ask the princess for peace. What's more inconvenient is that forehead and the princess do not live together. The princess has her own princess mansion, and she lives with her parents in her own mansion.
The princess and the forehead film and television stills
If the princess has a reward for the forehead and the parents-in-law, it is not as simple as bowing to the knees, and kneeling and kowtow to thank you. This unethical meeting etiquette didn't change until Daoguang's time. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841), Emperor Daoguang believed that this kind of meeting etiquette should not be continued, so he ordered that when he met the princess in the future, he could stand upright to greet the princess, and the princess should stand and agree. When the princess's parents-in-law see the princess, they can stand up and greet the two old men. If the princess rewards the item, when her parents-in-law accepts it, she just stands up and doesn't need to kneel and kowtow. (After translation).
道光皇帝便装像
After the fourth daughter of Daoguang Princess Shou Angulun got married, when she met the princess, she stood up to greet the princess, and the princess also stood to greet him , And when the parents-in-law saw the princess, they also stood to greet the princess, and the princess also stood to greet the princess. When Princess Shouan Gulun offered gifts to her forehead and her parents-in-law, they just stood up and said "kowtow" to the princess, just verbally, without actual action. Because of the huge gap between the status of the parents and the princess, it is difficult to conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. Because the mother-in-law did not dare to offend the princess, the princess was the head of the family and the highest status in the family. Of course, the princess and the mother-in-law don't live together at all, and there are fewer conflicts between the mother-in-law and the mother-in-law. In short, after the princess gets married, the whole clan of her in-laws must offer it like a baby, and will never let her feel wronged. It can be said that in the eyes of the forehead, there is only the fault of the parents, not the princess wife.
Princess Shouan Gulun and the sisters of Princess Shoueng Gulun
This is the envy of everyone. As women, they were like girls from ordinary people's homes at the time, and they would eventually marry as women according to their parents' orders. And because they are high-ranking princesses, after they marry, their status is not only higher than that of their parents, but also higher than their own in-laws. For this, it is obviously difficult for ordinary women after getting married at that time. Nowadays, it is generally believed that there are many beauties in the natal family, so that the married girl can improve her status in her in-law’s family and not be bullied. As for the princess, the fact that there are many dowries is not an inevitable reason for the improvement of her position in her in-laws. The real reason is that her position must be higher than that of her in-laws.
