Du Chongyuan (Pictures from the Internet)
Du Chongyuan (April 1897-September 1943), a native of Huaide, Jilin, is a Chinese industrialist, and a well-known anti-Japanese patriot.
1917, with the ideal of "saving the country through industry", he traveled to Japan and entered Tokyo Higher Industrial School , specializing in ceramic manufacturing. In the winter of 1923, Du Chongyuan graduated and returned to China. In order to realize his ideal of "saving the country through industry", he established the "Zhaoxin Pottery Industry Company" in Shenyang. In 1927, Du Chongyuan was elected as vice president of the Fengtian Provincial Chamber of Commerce. From then on, he participated in and led a series of struggles against Japanese imperialist aggression as the leader of the chamber of commerce. In 1929, under the leadership and influence of the Communist Party of China, patriotic and democratic figures from all walks of life held the "National Domestic Products Exhibition" in Shanghai in order to "develop domestic products and boycott Japanese products", and Du Chongyuan attended the opening ceremony. These patriotic actions of his have had a profound impact on the national industry. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Du Chongyuan's ideal of "industrial saving the country" became a bubble. He abandoned the ceramic factory he had worked hard in grief and came to Shanghai to fight side by side with Comrade Zou Taofen, often writing articles for the weekly magazine "Life" to expose the crimes of Japanese imperialism's invasion of China. After the "Life" weekly was forced to cease publication in 1933, Du Chongyuan stepped forward and founded "New Life" weekly in 1934 to continue the battle. On May 4, 1935, because the article "Gosh-talking Emperor" mentioned Japanese Emperor , Japan took the opportunity to provoke. The Kuomintang authorities succumbed to the unreasonable request of Japan and ordered the magazine "Xinsheng" to suspend publication and arrested Du Chongyuan and imprisoned. During his imprisonment, the Shanghai underground party organization sent him Marxist-Leninist books, introducing him to the domestic and international situation and the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese propositions. His thoughts underwent a major change and actively responded to the Anti-Japanese national united front advocated by the Communist Party of China.
On September 8, 1936, after Du Chongyuan was released from prison, he went to Xi'an to promote the joint fight against Japan by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. After the "July 7" Incident in in 1937, Du Chongyuan ventured to travel around Wuhan and the northwest to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda activities. In September, the first article was written in the third day of the Anti-Japanese War to introduce Zhou Enlai's life and published the remarks of Zhou Enlai, Xu Xiangqian and others. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Du Chongyuan also served as the Supervisory Committee of the National Government Supervision Council. In June 1938, he was elected as a member of the National Political Consultative Conference. In the same year, he met with Zhou Enlai many times in Wuhan, Hong Kong and other places, and gradually established his firm belief in the Communist Party of China.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Xinjiang was not only a large rear base for the Anti-Japanese War, but also an important transportation route for international rescue ( Soviet aid to China materials). Du Chongyuan saw the important role of the Communist Party of China in the War of Resistance and its determination to resist Japan, the influence of the Communist Party in Xinjiang, and the important position and hope of Xinjiang, so he first picked up a pen to concentrate on promoting Xinjiang. He has written 48 articles, including "Going to Xinjiang" and "Three Degrees of Tianshan Mountain". After enthusiastic recommendations and strong support from the patriotic celebrity Mr. Zou Taofen and the strong support of the CCP media, his propaganda for Xinjiang has achieved strong social effects, and many patriotic democrats and progressive young people have rushed to Xinjiang to work.
In October 1938, Du Chongyuan gave up his international friend Snow and Aili invited him to go to the United States for industrial cooperation. With the guidance and consent of Comrade Zhou Enlai, he resolutely came to Dihua, Xinjiang (now Urumqi City, the same below) with his family, and served as the dean of Xinjiang College (now Xinjiang University, the same below) to cultivate anti-Japanese talents.
In Dihua , he traveled long distances between Xinjiang and Wuhan, Chongqing, Kunming and Hong Kong, and successively hired famous writers Mao Dun , economist Zhang Zhongshi , member of the Anti-Japanese and National Rescue Congress, Sa Konger, artist Zhao Dan and others to work in Xinjiang, forming a veritable cultural army, which was welcomed by people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. At the same time, he also traveled back and forth to the mainland to purchase three major trucks of progressive cultural books and cultural technical equipment and transported them to Xinjiang.At the same time, a book and magazine mailing channel between the mainland and Xinjiang has been opened to ensure that readers in remote Xinjiang can also read good books as soon as possible. It is known as the "cultural train" on the western border.
In order to enrich the faculty of Xinjiang College, he successively hired comrades Mao Dun, Sa Kong, Zhang Zhongshi and other comrades to teach at the school. At the same time, he added of the Department of Civil Engineering, Chinese, Science and Engineering, and , and added 3 high school classes, including one of the ethnic class . Du Chongyuan was also commissioned by Zhou Enlai to hold the Party’s united front class and taught it personally. He published articles in journals such as Xinmang and Anti-Imperialist Front, actively publicizing the glorious achievements of Marxism-Leninism, the Party’s anti-Japanese national united front and the Eighth Route Army’s heroic resistance to war. In the summer of 1939, Xinjiang College organized a "summer work group". Du Chongyuan led more than 100 teachers and students of all ethnic groups to Changji , Hutubi , Kuitun , Jinghe , Wusu , Yili and other places for social inspections and actively publicize the anti-Japanese war. Each place is held to hold mass meetings to give speeches on the situation of the Anti-Japanese War. The student art group performed a program, which is very popular among people of all ethnic groups.
During his tenure as the president of Xinjiang College, Du Chongyuan was serious and responsible, actively worked, worked hard and determined to cultivate outstanding anti-Japanese talents. He established the school motto of "unity, tension, simplicity, and liveliness" and hired many experts and scholars to teach at the school. He actively publicized the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese national united front policy and the heroic and tenacious and arduous deeds of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. He often misses the rivers and mountains of the Northeast that were occupied by the Japanese invaders. He loves every piece of land in his motherland infinitely. He said to his children, "The motherland is like this umbrella. It can shelter you from the wind and rain, but you must also take good care of it..." He often uses the history of the fall of the Northeast to educate and inspire students' enthusiasm for anti-Japanese patriotism. Together with Communist Party members working at Xinjiang College, he often organizes students to go to grassroots masses to carry out anti-Japanese speeches, presentations, singing meetings and other activities to promote anti-Japanese wars and inspire students' patriotic enthusiasm. He jointly transformed an old-style school into a new type of school with new blood, new spirit and new look, making Xinjiang College a center for patriotic youth of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang yearning for. They also used magazines, dramas and other forms to carry out extensive anti-Japanese propaganda, pushing the wave of propaganda to the whole Xinjiang, giving people of all ethnic groups a deep understanding of the cause of the Communist Party of China, and greatly inspiring the enthusiasm of Dihua and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to support the anti-Japanese front. Du Chongyuan became famous, and there were even people among the people who shouted "Long live Du Chongyuan".
Du Chongyuan worked hard to run the school, actively promoted anti-Japanese war, promoted democracy, and opposed feudalism, and won the respect and love of people from all walks of life in Xinjiang, but aroused the fear, jealousy and deliberate persecution of Shengshicai . Du Chongyuan was forced to resign on October 28, 1939. On October 31, his resignation was approved, and he was placed under house arrest at home since then.
Du Chongyuan is upright and dares to speak out. He also relies on his relationship with Sheng Shicai as a classmate and fellow countrymen. He wrote a long letter of 6,000 words to criticize Sheng Shicai's practices, which made him even more annoyed by this "Xinjiang warlord". Sheng Shicai decided to attack Du Chongyuan, a non-party, non-political, and non-political democrat, so as to achieve the goal of cracking down on Communists and democrats. Sheng Shicai deliberately fabricated the so-called "conspiracy riot case", also known as the "Du Chongyuan case", claiming that this case was "led by Du Chongyuan, instigated and organized by traitors and traitors, and the international September 18th conspiracy riot case... It is a unique and other background attempt to split China's territory, establish pseudo-government , and destroy the conspiracy organization behind the War of Resistance. However, its organization is strict and huge, its means are vicious, and its bribery of assassins is really thrilling." Fabricating Du Chongyuan's "false" charges such as "traitor", "Trotskyists", and "secret Communist Party members". Hu said that Du Chongyuan's activities have been "consent and sponsored by all relevant parties in the mouth." The so-called "relevant parties in the mouth" refers to "Yan'an". On May 18, 1941, Du Chongyuan was arrested and imprisoned at Dihua's home.During Du Chongyuan's imprisonment and hardships, Zhou Enlai, who was flying to the Soviet Union for treatment, passed through Dihua, Xinjiang, personally came forward to rescue Du Chongyuan; Soong Chingling , Huang Yanpei , and Shen Junru called to support Du Chongyuan; there were Gao Chongmin, Zhang Jiluan (editor of the " Grand Gazette ") and others who were willing to go to Xinjiang to mortgage their bodies in exchange for Du Chongyuan's freedom. Every time Sheng Shicai received their telegram of support and rescue, he was forced to give a false banquet for Du Chongyuan under the pressure of public opinion, and let him go home for a temporary stay, but never gave him freedom.
Du Chongyuan's wife Hou Yuzhi once recalled bitterly: "It was a May night in the frontier that I will never forget for my life. The night when Chongyuan parted with me and my children. The early summer outside the border was still cool, and the moon was dark and the stars were dark, and the rain was drizzling. During our supper, Shengshicai murder organization - " Detective Team ", suddenly surrounded our residence. The black-clad team rushed into Chongyuan's study and our bedroom, rummaged through the cabinets and "please" walk Chongyuan. I stood outside the street door, watching the prison car go away, until the rain flowed down from the hair and the corners of my clothes were watering, and I realized that I had been standing for too long in the night wind and cold rain. Back to the messy bedroom, I fell to the ground and leaned on the particularly low windowsill in Xinjiang, and was in a daze. It seemed that the wind and rain outside the window had stopped, only the barking of dogs, intermittently, sometimes far and sometimes near. The rain accumulated between the eaves, and it was difficult to leak, like tears and drops of blood." Du Chongyuan's inmate Wang Baomin later described Du Chongyuan's tragic situation of persecution and said: "Zhongyuan suffered 26 kinds of tortures and cursed for 16 days. In the end, Shengshicai was tortured by himself, pouring Chongyuan's upper body with boiling oil, and the punishment was called "walking a vest"; burning the lower body with flames, and the punishment was called "baking yam". Poor Chongyuan's large skin was burned and hissed..."
In prison, although Du Chongyuan suffered more than 30 kinds of tortures from Shengshicai, he was always steadfast. The crazy Sheng Shicai actually injected Du Chongyuan with a strong poison injection, causing his internal organs and six lungs to ulcerate, vomiting blood and stools and stools to not stop... Finally, he dragged Du Chongyuan, who was dying onto a wall more than meter high, pushed him down, and destroyed his body. In June 1943, Du Chongyuan was secretly killed in Dihua at the age of 46.
The news of Du Chongyuan's martyrdom was only two years later. On July 24, 1945, " Xinhua Daily " published an editorial, praising Du Chongyuan as "the most enthusiastic patriot and the most determined democratic fighter." After the national liberation, the central government sent an inspection team to Xinjiang to find Du Chongyuan's remains, but it was not found.
In June 1998, Du Chongyuan's wife Ms. Hou Yuzhi died. In December, her ashes and Du Chongyuan's clothes were buried in the "Celebrity Cemetery" of Shanghai Wanguo Cemetery.
In October 1983, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a commemorative meeting for the 40th anniversary of the martyrdom of Chen Tanqiu, Mao Zemin, Lin Jilu and Du Chongyuan in Urumqi City, Xinjiang. The leaders of the Party and the state wrote inscriptions for the four martyrs. Deng Xiaoping's inscription to Du Chongyuan was: "Martyr Du Chongyuan will be immortal!" Deng Yingchao's inscription was: "The revolutionary left pioneer, patriotic and supportive heroes." Wang Zhen's inscription was: "Martyr Du Chongyuan Patriotic spirit will be immortal!" Hu Yuzhi commented at the conference commemorating Du Chongyuan: "From the 'rebirth incident' to the 'Xi'an Incident', from the 'Xi'an Incident' to the 'Xinjiang Incident', "He made positive contributions to the War of Resistance Against Japan and the Second United Front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party."
In November 1996, General Zhang Xueliang wrote the inscription "The Grand Duke has no self" for Du Chongyuan's 1998 1998, and gave a high evaluation of Du Chongyuan's life.
Xinjiang University History Museum in Urumqi (pictures from the Internet)
Reference materials:
1, "Du Chongyuan's daughter grieves over her kind mother Du Hou Yuzhi" Guangming.com 2005-01-27 Author: Du Yi (Du Chongyuan's daughter);
2. "A Brief History of Xinjiang" (Volume 3), edited by the Institute of History, Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences, Xinjiang People's Publishing House, August 1980, 1st edition;
3. "Those Unforgettable Memories", author Du Yi (Daughter of Du Chongyuan), Yaxin.com September 27, 2013;
4. "Du Chongyuan" Hongshan.com 2011-03-30 ;
5. "Du Chongyuan's Contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japan", written by Chang Ximei, Douding.com, July 28, 2013.
