According to legend, Buzhou Mountain is the only place in the human world that can reach the heavens. It is the name of the mountain that appeared in the ancient Chinese mythology "Gonggong Touching the Mountain". Zhou." Many people believe that Buzhou Mountain in ancient times is exactly the Pamirs of today. But here is a bunch of questions that make people wonder: If Zhoushan is not the Pamirs of today, why does the name "Pamirs" of the Pamirs today sound like a foreign name? And only part of the region is in China? Moreover, its geographical location is far from the Central Plains, and it is very biased. How could the mainstream Chinese myth "Gonggong Touch the Mountain" occur in this region?
▲ Pamir Plateau, where the "Buzhou Mountain" in ancient China is located!
Buzhou Mountain and the ancient myth "Gonggong Touching the Mountain"
"Gonggong Touching the Mountain", also known as "Gonggong's Angrily Touching the Mountain", presumably most people have heard this story . It is listed as the four great myths in ancient China with "Nu Wa Patching the Sky", "Hou Yi Shooting the Sun" and "Chang'e Flying to the Moon". The story of "Gonggong Touching the Mountain" and "Nuwa Patching the Sky" is very closely connected in the plot. The reason is that Gonggong crashed Buzhou Mountain, which is the pillar supporting the sky in the legend. Zhoushan fell, and a big hole appeared in the sky. In order to plug this hole, there was the story of "Nu Wa Patching the Sky".
▲ "Nu Wa Patching the Sky" from the ancient mythology
Then why did Gonggong crash Bu Zhoushan? Let's start with the story of "Gong Gong Angrily Touches the Mountain". There are two versions of this story:
The first version, it is about the water god Gonggong and Zhuanxu in the project plan when it was in the treatment of floods, so it happened between Zhuanxu and Water God Gonggong. After fierce fighting, Gonggong couldn't get the support of the people. In order to show his determination, Gonggong knocked down the peak of Buzhou Mountain in anger.
▲ Another version of the ancient mythological story "Gonggong Touching the Mountain"
should be regarded as a relatively complete version of the story, see "Huainanzi·Tenjin Training", text Said:
"The former co-worked with Zhuan Xu to become the emperor, and they touched the mountain of impunity in anger, the sky column was broken, the earth was extinct, and the sky fell to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars moved away; the land was dissatisfied with the southeast, so the water was dust Gui Yan.”
The story probably tells that Gonggong was fighting for the throne with Zhuan Xu, so a great war broke out between the two. The battle ended in the failure of Gonggong, and Gonggong ran into nowhere. Zhou Shan, and knocked down Zhou Shan. Because Buzhou Mountain is a big pillar that supports the sky, Buzhou Mountain, the big sky pillar, broke, and the rope tied to the ground was also broken. Therefore, the sky tilted to the northwest, and the sun, moon, and stars moved toward the ground. It collapsed in the southeast direction, and all the water and dust on the river roads have also gathered in one direction.
Judging from the above two versions of "Gonggong Touching the Mountain", the story outlines are roughly the same, but the reason for hitting the mountain is that the former is due to the "different opinions on the engineering of flood control", while the latter is Because of "struggling for the throne." In short, it was because of the contradiction between Gong Gong and Zhuan Xu that the Great War broke out. Later, Gong Gong, who failed in the war, was angrily knocked down Wu Zhou Shan in order to prove his strength.
From the ancient "Cong Ling" to today's foreign name "Pamirs"
The Pamirs in history, it was once the most mysterious and dangerous in the ancient "Silk Road" Because it has an alpine climate, there are more than 1,000 mountain glaciers distributed in the section, and the natural landscape changes significantly vertically. It is precisely because of the high and cold terrain and extremely difficult travel here, but it was also the indispensable throat of China’s ancient Silk Road from Xinjiang to Central Asia. Therefore, in order to help people on the journey solve the problems of accommodation and supplies, there are Many post stations, these ancient post stations still have many ruins still preserved.
▲ Glaciers on the Pamirs
The Pamirs, an important passage that the ancient Silk Road must pass through, in the pastIn history, in historical records, its original name was not the Pamirs, but a very Chinese name called Congling.
Why is Congling?
It is said that Buzhou Mountain at that time was full of wild green onions, and the original features of Buzhou Mountain were lush and verdant. Later, Buzhou Mountain had an alias called "Congling". The term "Congling" continued until before the Han Dynasty.
▲ The tenaciously growing wild onions on the Pamirs
▲ The Pamirs were called China’s "Congling" in ancient times
Next In the Tang Dynasty, which was full of rivers and rivers, the Tang Dynasty had frequent cultural exchanges with Central Asian countries. At this time, a transliteration of "Pamir" gradually appeared, and Congling gradually had the new name "Pamir Plateau". In the Yuan Dynasty At that time, the Italian Marco Polo also mentioned the "Pamirs" in his travel notes, saying that this is the best pasture in the world where horses can grow fat after more than ten days. In the Qing Dynasty, the name "Pamirs" was completely determined, and no other names have been used since then.
Three boundaries: the past and present of the Pamirs!
Trace the historical changes in the ownership of the Pamirs. The Pamirs in ancient times were actually completely Chinese territory. It's just that, with the vicissitudes of life for several times and the years flowing, the history of the Pamirs has carried too many "stories", especially the question of its ownership of "three boundaries".
(1) In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate here to manage several Western Region countries on the Pamirs. In history, Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty escaped from the Huns, crossed the Pamirs, and discovered the Great Xia Kingdom and the Da Yue clan (in present-day Afghanistan) who migrated to be pursued and persecuted by the Huns. This was the opening of the original Silk Road.
▲ Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty escaped from the Xiongnu, crossed the Pamirs, and found Daxia Kingdom and Dayueshi.
Later came to the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty also established the Duhu Mansion here, and at the same time, troops ranging from 300 to 7000 were stationed here. In the Tang Dynasty, the eminent monk Tang Xuanzang once went to the West to obtain the scriptures of the Pamirs. This experience is recorded in the "Story of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty", which is called "Pomi Luochuan":
"Thousands of things There are more than a hundred miles from the north to the south, and the narrow place is only ten miles. The cold wind is bitter, the snow in spring and summer, the vegetation is scarce, and there is no one to stop (to)", it is a scene of no man’s land.
▲ In the Tang Dynasty, the eminent monk Xuanzang also traveled through the Pamirs to ask for the truth in the west.
(2) In the Tang Dynasty, during the Li Longji period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the "Battle of Tarros" occurred (the Tang Dynasty Anxi Duhufu army met the Arab Empire Muslims and the coalition forces of Central Asian countries at Tarros A battle in the country.) And the battlefield of this battle is north of Congling (today's Pamirs). After this war, the Tang Dynasty lost all the land to the west of the Pamirs, which caused parts of the ancient country that had been recorded in Chinese history since the Han Dynasty to fall into the hands of Arabs, resulting in a reduction of China's territory by more than one million. Square kilometers. Since then, the Chinese civilization began to withdraw from Central Asia, and the region lost by Tang Xuanzong began the process of Islamization until today.
▲ The map of the Tang Empire in its heyday
(3) Until the Qing Dynasty, the Pamirs still belonged to China's jurisdiction. After the 19th century, Czarist Russia invaded the Chinese border. Under the signing of the Sino-Russian unequal treaty "Continuing the Kashgar Boundary Treaty", the Pamirs, which originally belonged to China, were divided into three parts (" The eastern part of the “south” boundary is owned by China, a part (the northwestern part of the “turning to the southwest” boundary) is owned by Tsarist Russia, and a part (the rest) belongs to an area to be determined.
▲ The Pamirs boundary line delineated by the unequal treaty "Continued Survey of Kashgar Boundary Agreement"
(4) In modern times, the Pamirs were previously occupied by RussiaThe part that was taken away by the people was transferred to Tajikistan after Tajikistan became independent. Later, China and Tajikistan signed a border agreement. In 2011, when China and Tajikistan re-delineated the border, Tajikistan returned 1,158 square kilometers of Chinese territory. In this way, part of the Pamirs land lost by the Qing government returned to the embrace of the motherland.
The "Northwest" and "The Corner of the Great Wilderness" of Buzhou Mountain in ancient times: The Pamirs are just far away from the Central Plains!
Where is the Pamirs? From today’s point of view, the specific location of the Pamirs is in the area between southwestern Xinjiang, southeast Tajikistan, and northeastern Afghanistan. It belongs to the Kunlun Mountains and Karakoram Mountains, as well as the Hindu Kush Mountains. The huge mountain knot that meets the Tianshan Mountains has an area of approximately 100,000 square kilometers. From this point of view, the Pamirs are indeed far away from the Central Plains.
▲ Schematic diagram of the Pamirs (mountain knot)
The geographical location of the Pamirs, which was so remote from the Central Plains in ancient times, is there anything that can prove that Mount Zhou lives here?
In fact, the earliest ancient records about the general geographical location of Buzhou Mountain, the "Shanhaijing·The Western Classic of the Wilderness" is very clear:
"Beyond the Northwest Sea, the corner of the Great Wilderness, there are mountains but not the same name. It is not Zhou.”
Among them, “beyond the Northwest Sea” and “the corner of the Great Wilderness” have shown that Buzhou Mountain in ancient times was not in the Central Plains, but in the northwest, and it was still a “Great Wilderness” In the corner of Pian'an, this statement is basically consistent with the location of the Pamirs today.
In addition, Qu Yuan, a great poet of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, also mentioned in his immortal work "Li Sao":
"If the road does not turn around, turn to the left, pointing to the West Sea. "
and the work of the same period "Huainanzi: Astronomy Training" also mentioned:
"The former Gonggong and Zhuanxu struggled to be the emperor, and angered and touched the mountain of insecurity... The sky fell northwest..."
This roughly shows that after the "Tianzhu" of Mount Buzhou was knocked down by Gonggong, the sky tilted to the northwest. From this, it can be inferred that the column in the northwest of the sky was knocked down, so it tilted to the northwest. Away.
Also, according to the Eastern Han Dynasty writer Wang Yi's "Li Sao" and Gao Zhou's "Huainanzi·Tao Yuanxun", they all failed the test. Zhoushan is located in the northwest of Kunlun Mountain, and this position , Which happened to deal with today's Pamirs.
From a comprehensive point of view, according to the textual research of many ancient books, the Buzhou Mountain in ancient China is the Pamirs of today. It is not a random ridicule or fabrication.
▲ Pamirs
Conclusion:
Open the history of the Pamirs and the record of Buzhou Mountain in ancient Chinese books, no matter what Judging from the historical naming of the Pamirs and the historical geographical location, or from the distance it departs from the Central Plains, it is not surprising to say that the Buzhou Mountain in the ancient times was in the Pamirs today. After all, These factors are relatively consistent.
