In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty swept away Liuhe, determined all directions, and unified the country.
First Emperor Ying Zheng was 39 years old.
Nowadays, some people have not yet stood up, and some people have been confused forty. However, in that era, the 39-year-old Ying Zheng was already a goalkeeper for the elderly. In another year, the First Emperor can call himself an old man.
But Ying Zheng still has a lot to do. The mountains and rivers are settled and everything is in trouble. Time is extremely precious to him.
Faced with the unprecedented unification of the country, the First Emperor Ying Zheng set a new system.
In order to show his great achievements, he used the title of "Emperor" of the Three Emperors and the "Emperor" of the Five Emperors to form the title of "Emperor", becoming the first monarch in Chinese history to use the title of "Emperor", so he called himself "First Emperor".
In the five virtues cycle, the Great Qin belongs to water.
Therefore, the First Emperor wore a black dragon robe, the officials wore black official uniforms, and black flags were hung on the top of the city.
Item specifications shall be based on "six", such as six-foot roads, six-story road vehicles, six-inch crowns, etc.
Everything is new, everything must be cut from the old era.
But there was only one First Emperor, not everyone had this kind of courage. Some Qin officials believed that some things from the old era should also be left behind.
Prime Minister Wang Wan said: "Boss, the land of Qi and Chu is so far away, so why not enfeoff your sons as vassal kings."
Wang Wan's proposal quickly received support and support from his younger brothers.
Because the Qin Dynasty was too special, everything was new. When a new system was born, it would inevitably have conflicts with the interest groups of the old era. They were worried that these new systems would affect their interests, including the survival of the Qin Dynasty.
Facing the ministers with a unified opinion, as strong as Ying Zheng, he could not directly fight, so he asked them to discuss.
result Everyone liked Wang Wan.
has only one person as an exception.
That is the court guard Li Si.
Li Si stepped forward and bowed and said, "The blood relationship is nothing in front of the throne. The previous dynasty was also divided. Different countries are inextricable and cannot be unified. Please don't give bad ideas."
Qin Shihuang was waiting for Li Si's words.
As the close comrade of the First Emperor, every word spoke to Ying Zheng's heart.
So the First Emperor immediately said, "Xiao Li is very right. The county system is not divided, I said."
Okay, we won't mention this matter, you have the final say.
From then on, the First Emperor Ying Zheng began to contribute to the construction and development of the Qin Dynasty, such as parades from various places, Fengshan Mountain, building fortifications in the Great Wall, etc.
But the officials led by Wang Wan also revealed a problem:
"Most of people do not agree with the new system dominated by the Legalists in the Qin Empire, but instead advocates the old system of the old era."
In other words, they did not want to like Qin Shihuang's new system, but they had to click on it due to the power of the First Emperor.
This is a hidden danger. Although Li Si settled the situation, the calm Qin River and Lake were undercurrents, which triggered the division of Qin to some extent.
Because many things followed are developed based on this.
In 213 BC, the undercurrents in the Qin Dynasty finally surfaced.
Qin Shihuang held a banquet at Xianyang Palace and called all his younger brothers to have a dinner. During the meal, Shihuang and his younger brothers had a happy meal and drank happily, and the scene was very harmonious.
At this moment, Pushe Zhou Qingchen stood up and slapped a rainbow fart at the First Emperor Ying Zheng:
"I remember that the old Qin people were hard and poor back then. Fortunately, His Majesty led us to defeat the princes of Guandong and complete the great cause of unifying China. I gave His Majesty a hundred thousand praises."
After hearing this, the First Emperor smiled at the sky.
Good boy, have a good eye.
But before Ying Zheng finished laughing, doctor Chunyu Yue came out to sing a counter-topic:
"Boss, when the Zhou Dynasty royal family was in trouble, and the vassal states of brothers came to help. If we, the Qin Dynasty, had two or five sons rebelled, who would help your descendants?"
is familiar with this sentence. When the Qin Dynasty was founded, Prime Minister Wang Wan proposed to implement the feudal system and let the sons of the First Emperor take office as vassal kings.
From here we can see that the founding issue that was suppressed by Li Si did not forget the nobles. As long as they had the chance, they would express their opposition to the new system and their support for the old system.
Qin Shihuang sighed, only he understood the difficulties of the rise of the Great Qin Dynasty.
Since Qin Xiaogong reused Shang Yang and started the reform, Qin State has no longer had the idea of exile. Instead, he concentrated his power in the hands of the king as much as possible, and fully mobilized all resources in the country to achieve the rise of Qin State.
This is the basis and necessity of the existence of Legalism in Qin State.
More than 130 years after Shang Yang's reform, Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng followed the Legal model and established a centralized system, becoming the only leader in the Qin Dynasty, and creating a unique new empire.
In addition, there are supporting measures such as the same book, the same rail, unified currency, weights and measures, which eliminate all obstacles to the cultural exchanges, trade exchanges and capital circulation throughout the world.
has been unified in both hardware and software, which is called unified .
and the feudal division was abolished and replaced by counties and counties, and the hidden dangers of the empire of the vassal states were also eliminated.
I have such a good system design, why don’t these two-five boys understand?
Qin Shihuang looked at Chunyu Yue below, and he couldn't figure it out.
He was already 47 years old at that time. In that era, he was the age of entering the coffin with two feet, but the final project of Daqin was not yet completed. If one day he was out of touch, could Fusu bear the burden?
Thinking of this, Qin Shihuang became more and more anxious.
is in a high position. He can see the direction of the times clearly. In the future, it will be an era of great unity, and the feudal system has long fallen behind.
The empire that finally unified was finally enfeoffed again. How many years can the empire last?
What's more, these two and five boys who insist on sealing are all selfish.
Shang Yang's fate can show that the Legalists are unpopular. More than 100 years later, these nobles and old tribes still hated and feared the Legalists.
is just an excuse for their enfeoffment. In fact, they still want to use this to tear open the iron curtain of the Legalist unification, introduce Confucianism, and transform the Qin Empire.
So is the transformed Qin Empire or the Qin Empire?
is not the case, it will only be a copy of Zhou Dynasty.
Therefore, the matter is small and the plot behind it is very big.
Faced with Chunyu Yue and Wang Wan's attempt to reverse history, the First Emperor would never allow it. While his health was still good, he must take down the desperation of the nobles behind them.
It was Li Si who fought side by side with the First Emperor this time.
At this time, Li Si was already the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty. Seeing that the First Emperor was silent, he stood up to refute Chunyu Yue:
"Your Majesty has reformed the past and set a precedent for history. This is the foundation of the Qin Dynasty for all generations. Times have changed. The Legalists have made the Qin Dynasty strong. The feudalization is no longer suitable for the unified Qin Dynasty."
Then Li Si changed his tone:
"You nerds always like to be generous to the past and ignore the present, short-sighted, and discuss the government affairs. It is necessary to abolish the historical books of the vassal states, leaving only medical books and agricultural books."
Qin Shihuang waved his hand: "It's accurate."
This is the famous book burning incident.
The Emperor and Prime Minister of the Qin Empire came to the scene personally and carried out a cultural cleanup campaign, hoping to have a great unification in the cultural field.
From the standpoint of Ying Zheng and Li Si, this approach is completely understandable. If the seeds of division are planted among the ministers, the unification of the Qin Empire will also be superficial. Once there is a chance, the empire will definitely be divided by these two and five boys.
However, scholars like Chunyu Yue are rude to the government, which can easily bring common people with low cultural levels to the opposite of the court.
For the imperial plan, nerds must be shut up.
not only shut up, but also burned the books. As long as the next generation grows up, the system and culture of the new empire will be implemented smoothly.
But not all books cannot be read. If scholars and civilians want to learn the laws, they can take officials as their teachers. After they have finished their studies, they will become local government reserve cadres and expand the ruling foundation of the Qin Empire.
This is what Qin Shihuang and Li Si think.
choice made in a special period in a specific history.
Of course, Daqin did not burn all the books, and all the classic books were saved and backed up in Xianyang.
But as Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he set off a fire and it was gone.
"The Chu people burned to pieces but pitiful scorched earth" "The fire will not be extinguished for three months", these are all good things Xiang Yu did.
As the pioneer of the reform of the First Emperor, Li Si once again suppressed the undercurrents that surfaced for Ying Zheng, but new problems followed one after another.
Since the Qin Empire, all imperial countries have one characteristic, namely, the unity of family and country.
Day of family has no selfless affairs, I am the world, and the world is me.
Any turbulence in the empire will involve the emperor.
This was not the case in the Zhou Dynasty, which implemented the feudal system. There were also scholars and officials under the vassal states. If the people of the vassal states were dissatisfied, they would criticize the scholars and officials, and even the vassal kings would not criticize the Zhou emperor.
The scholars and officials came out to cause trouble and would only criticize their king, nor would they criticize the emperor of Zhou.
Therefore, all social and internal contradictions are far away from the Zhou emperor, and all contradictions are digested by the literati and officials and monarchs at the hierarchy.
But the Qin Empire is different. All the officials were sent by Qin Shihuang. After something happened and caused trouble, the final spearhead was directly pointed at Qin Shihuang, and all the blame was Qin Shihuang.
can be integrated with the country, and the emperor represents the country, and the emperor cannot be criticized.
This requires the emperor to become a saint.
So the First Emperor hoped that he could live forever, so he searched for immortality and asked the sorcerers to refine elixirs, and began the path of mercury poisoning.
But after many years, the immortals were not found, and their health was getting worse and worse.
These sorcerers have been fooling Qin Shihuang for money and status. As the truth is about to be revealed, two sorcerers run away.
While running, he found a way for himself: "How can a person who monopolizes power, be worthy of immortality?"
This is a cheating of Qin Shihuang's money, and he also called Qin Shihuang a fool...
This was the one who was furious to Qin Shihuang's ears and was furious.
"I am slandering me now, and I am not virtuous."
Carefully savor Qin Shihuang's voice. What he was angry was not because he was deceived by the two charlatans, but because they slandered and slandered himself and damaged his reputation.
The emperor has no virtue, so what is the Qin Empire?
In current terms, it is historical nihilism.
The angry Qin Shihuang summoned Li Si and demanded a strict investigation and re-sentence of the saint in Xianyang City.
After open and secret investigation by Li Si, the first thug of the First Emperor, he arrested 460 people who slandered the First Emperor among the sorcerers, scholars and nobles in Xianyang City.
In order to implement the guidance on strict investigation and resolute judgment, these 460 people were killed in Xianyang.
The so-called "cracking of Confucian scholars" in later generations is not to kill Confucian scholars, but to kill those who slander and insult the leader of the empire. In essence, it is to maintain the inviolability of the imperial system.
This incident combined with the previous book burning incident into one, and it became "burning books and burying scholars".
Therefore, Qin Shihuang took the blame for "burning books and burying scholars" for two thousand years.
First of all, who burned the book?
The King of Western Chu dared to act and took responsibility, Xiang Yu raised his hand and said that it was me who burned it.
As for "burying Confucian scholars", I just want to talk about the mouths of Confucian scholars.
For more than 100 years from Qin Xiaogong to Qin Shihuang, Confucianism has never been popular in Qin, which is an official denial.
After Qin Shihuang unified the countries, he regarded Confucianism as a traitor of misleading the country and strongly praised the Legalist idea, but did not kill all Confucianism.
The so-called "cracking of Confucianism" is nothing more than killing 460 people who slandered and slandered Qin Shihuang, including charlatans, and perhaps several Confucian scholars. When Confucians succeeded during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, facing the Qin State that had suppressed them for more than a hundred years, were they willing to speak mercilessly?
You have to find a reason to discredit a person, that is, "burning books and burying scholars."
Compared with the " abolishing all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism" during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, who is more cruel?
In short, history is written by the winners, and they will bear the blame for whoever they want.
