This article mainly summarizes the territorial changes of Wei, Shu and Wu (including Jin) since the 13th year of Jian'an (208) after the Battle of Chibi.
After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao withdrew north, Sun Quan went west, Liu Bei went south, and began to carve up Jingzhou. By the second year (209), the Sun and Liu’s family had formed preliminary results. Cao Cao occupied Nanyang in Jingzhou (later divided into Nanyang, Xiangyang, and Nanxiang by Cao Cao) and the northern part of Jiangxia. Liu Bei occupied Lingling, Guiyang, In southern Changsha and central Jiangxia, Sun Quan occupied Nanjun, Wuling, northern Changsha and Southeast Jiangxia.
Because Liu Bei and Sun Quan's two Jingzhou sites are in a mess, Liu Bei personally went to see Sun Quan in 210 for his own development, and once again designated Jingzhou, the final result was that Sun Quan took Nanjun. He Wuling temporarily lent it to Liu Bei. This result naturally made Liu Bei quite satisfied, and all three companies started their next development.
Sun Quan shifted from westward to southward. In 210, he sent a stallion to occupy Jiaozhou in the south, while Liu Bei moved from south to west, and occupied Yizhou in 214. Cao Cao also moved westward like Liu Bei. First, he fought with Ma Chao, Han Sui and other Guanzhong warlords in 211. After a few years, Xia Houyuan, who was staying in the West, sent troops to Hanzhong in 215, and occupied the area. Basically formed.
There are two episodes during this period. One is that Cao Cao took away Qichun County from Sun Quan. The exact time is unknown. The second is that in 214, Sun Quan led Lv Meng, Gan Ning and others to capture Cao Cao's Anhui city. In the following decades, it was the front line of the Wu Wei (Jin) battle.
In 215, because Liu Bei took Yizhou, Sun Quan urged Jingzhou, but Liu Bei naturally refused to pay back, and the two battles broke out. Sun Quan sent Lv Meng to take down the three counties of Lingling, Changsha, and Guiyang with lightning speed, and then Guan Yu and Liu Bei led their troops to come to confront Sun Quan. At this time, Liu Bei received the news that Hanzhong was taken by Cao Cao, so he negotiated a peace with Sun Quan. The two sides took Xiangshui as the boundary, Liu Bei got Nanjun, Lingling, and Wuling, and Sun Quan got Jiangxia, Changsha, and Guiyang. Generally speaking, Liu Bei still has no loss.
In 217, Cao Cao marched south and ordered Zangba to attack Juchao County. The Wei-Wu line was pushed forward. Sun Quan requested to surrender, and Cao Cao promised to lay the groundwork for the subsequent attack on Jingzhou .
In 218, Liu Bei launched the Battle of Hanzhong and beheaded the enemy general Xia Houyuan at the beginning of the following year. Finally, Cao Cao gave up Hanzhong and withdrew the line of defense to Chencang. Liu Bei took advantage of the situation and sent Liu Feng and Meng Da to attack Shangyong along the Han River and successfully won. In order to cooperate with Liu Bei's offensive, Guan Yu of Jingzhou launched the Battle of Xiangfan, preparing to connect the territory into one piece and complete the connection with Shangyong in Hanzhong. A few months later, Cao Wei's Xiangyang and Fancheng were in a hurry, while Nanxiang and Fangling surrendered Guan Yu. Guan Yu achieved good results and Liu Beijun's momentum reached its peak.
However, at this time, Sun Quan sent Lu Meng to attack and attack Guan Yu’s rear. Nanjun, Lingling, and Wuling all fell into the hands of Sun Quan, while Lu Xun led a team to attack the house. Ling and Nanxiang to cut off Guan Yu's back road. Guan Yu was beheaded, and Liu Bei's Jingzhou Army was almost completely destroyed. Nanjun, Lingling, Wuling, and Fangling have since become the territory of the Wu Kingdom, but due to its outstanding location, Nanxiang was later returned to the Wei Kingdom.
In 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and sent Xiahoushang to attack Liu Feng and Shangyong in Meng Da’s hands. Meng Da surrendered and Liu Feng lost. At the same time, the four counties of Xiping, Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Wuwei in Liangzhou launched a rebellion, which was put down by Su Ze and others. During this period, Cao Pi committed a brain attack. Because Xiangyang City was seriously damaged during the Xiangfan battle, Cao Pi planned to burn Xiangyang into a ruined city and gave up. Fortunately, he woke up in time and did not implement this brain.Disabled plan.
In 221, Liu Bei proclaimed himself the emperor and launched an Eastern Expedition. The army captured Zigui and advanced all the way to the Xiakou. At the beginning of the next year, he confronted the Wu army in the Yiling area. In July, Lu Xun, the coach of the Wu army, defeated the Shu army with fire. The Shu army retreated all the way. The Wu army recovered Zigui, Wuxian and other places until Baidi City stopped.
In 223, Liu Bei died, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang assisted the government, and the Nanzhong counties took the opportunity to rebel. Soon after the Wu-Shu peace talks, the two sides began to enter the stage of a joint northern expedition. In the same year, the Wei State sent Wu State to command Jinzong to guard Qichun, Sun Quan sent He Qi to lead Mi Fang and Liu Shao to crusade, Jinzong was captured, and Qichun returned to Wu State.
In 225, Zhuge Liang went to the south and successfully recovered Nanzhong.
In 228, the prefect of Wei Xincheng Meng Da rebelled. At the same time, Zhuge Liang initiated the first Northern Expedition, and the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an and Anding shook. Cao Rui immediately sent Sima Yi to quell the Mengda rebellion, and then sent Cao Zhen and Zhang Xun to lead his army to resist Zhuge Liang. Zhang Xun defeated the Shu general Ma Di at Jieting. Zhuge Liang reluctantly withdrew his troops, and the three counties gained and lost. This Northern Expedition was the deepest and the closest to success among all the Northern Expeditions of the Shu Han Dynasty.
In 229, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor and built the Dongxing embankment the following year, pushing the front from Ruxu to Dongguan. Zhuge Liang launched the third Northern Expedition at this time and captured the two counties of Yinping and Wudu in the Wei Kingdom, and the Longxi Front was greatly advanced.
In the following few years, the three parties of Wei, Shu and Wu had their own victories, but they failed to occupy the other's territory for a long time, so the territories of the three parties remained basically unchanged.
In 238, Cao Rui sent Sima Yi on an expedition to Liaodong and eliminated the Gongsun family that had been entrenched for 50 years, and the Liaodong region was officially included in the Caowei territory.
In 241, Wu failed to attack Shaopei and the Dongxing Dike was damaged.
In 243, Sima Yi took advantage of the retreat of the ice age to attack Wancheng, Zhuge Ke abandoned the city and left, after nearly 30 years, Wancheng returned to Cao Wei.
In 244, Wei Jiangwu Qiujian expedition to Goguryeo, defeated the Goguryeo army, and broke the Marudu Mountain City.
In 245, Wu Qiujian attacked Goguryeo again and penetrated deep into the Korean Peninsula. Goguryeo was hit by a devastating blow. The Yiqiu area on the Korean Peninsula was included in the territory of the Wei Kingdom and returned without Qiujian's inscription.
In 253, Zhuge Ke rebuilt the Dongxing Embankment, and Sima Shi sent three roads to defeat Wu. Because the main force Hu Zun failed miserably at Dongguan, the other two roads also withdrew immediately.
In 254, Li Jian, the county magistrate of Wei Didao, sent a letter to Jiang Wei’s rebellion. Jiang Wei immediately sent troops to Xiangwu and attacked Lintao, Hejian, and Heguan. Although he could not occupy Didao and Heguan for a long time, the battle line was greatly reduced. Advance.
In 255, Wei Jiang Wenqin and Wu Qiujian attacked Sima Division in Huainan. It was called Huainan two rebels (the one was Wang Ling). At the same time, they contacted Wu and sent troops to Huainan, but they were finally suppressed. Jiang Wei dispatched troops to defeat Wei Jiang Wang Jing in Taoxi, and entered Didaobuke.
In 256, Jiang Wei sent troops to Duangu and was defeated by Deng Ai. The Shu army was hit hard, unable to maintain the Longxi front, and gradually shrank to the Houhe area.
In 257, Zhuge Dan raised troops to rebel against Sima Zhao in Huainan, known as the Huainan Three Rebellions, and contacted Wu to send troops, but was suppressed in the second year, and Wu still had no results.
In 263, Sima Zhao used Zhong Hui as the coach to launch a battle against Shu. Because Jiang Wei changed the defensive layout of Hanzhong before, Zhong Hui easily entered Hanzhong. Jiang Wei then gave up Wudu and Yinping two counties and successfully got rid of Wei Jun blocked entry into the sword pavilion. Zhong Hui could not attack for a long time and was about to retreat. At this time, Deng Ai successfully attacked Chengdu and Liu Chan surrendered to Wei. The Shuhan died. In the same year, Lu Xing, an official in Jiaozhi County of Wu State, launched a rebellion and contacted Wei State.
In 264, two scholars contended for merit (Shizai written by Deng Ai, Shiji written by Zhong Hui), Deng Ai was accused of treason and arrested, ZhongThe association united with Jiang Wei to rebel and Chengdu was in chaos. Soon Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei were defeated and Deng Ai was killed. Sima Zhao's plan to destroy Wu was delayed. Emperor Wu Sun Xiu died. The original Shu general Huo Yi was ordered by Sima Zhao to accept Jiao Chi Lu Xing, but Lu Xing was defeated and killed. Huo Yi sent another team to take over Jiao Chi, and at the same time marched to Ping Ding Jiuzhen and Nichinan (the three counties are now in Vietnam). Wu Wuling four counties rebelled into Wei.
In 265, Sima Zhao died of illness, Wei Emperor Cao Huan surrendered to Sima Yan, and the State of Wei died.
In the next few years, the two new emperors who succeeded to the throne were busy playing with the ministers, and temporarily did not have the energy to start a foreign war.
In 268, Sun Hao sent Liu Jun, Xiuze, and Gu Rong to attack Jiaozhi, but was defeated by Huo Yi’s prefect of Jiaozhi Yang Ji. Yang Ji took advantage of the situation and the generals Mao Jiong and Dong Yuan attacked Hepu and beheaded Liu. Jun, Xiuze, Yulin and Hepu mostly fall into the hands of Jin. Yuan Shu sent Luo Xian troops to Wuxian and pushed the front from Baidi City to Wucheng.
At the end of 269, Sun Hao once again sent Yu Bang and Xue Jue from Jingzhou to the south, Hui and Cangwu prefect Tao Huang, and at the same time sent Li Xie and Xu Cun from the sea to attack Jiaozhou together. The war lasted for nearly two years. Wu Jun lost first and then won. In 271, he recovered the entire territory of Jiaozhou and killed all officials sent by Huo Yi. The eight-year battle for Jiaozhou ended in the victory of Wu.
The reason why Jin State did not send reinforcements to Jiaozhou was because other places were in big trouble. From 268 to 269, the drought in Hejian and Longxi, coupled with the rude governance of Qinzhou governor Hu Lie (his son was Hu Yuan who killed Zhonghui) caused dissatisfaction with the victims, and finally the Xianbei bald tree function led the tribe to rebel. The bald tree dysfunction lasted for nine years. It was not put down until December 279. During the period, the Jin Kingdom lost a total of four officials from the frontiers, tens of thousands of people died in the battle, and the northwest almost fell. Finally, the famous generals Wenyang and Ma Long first first After a conquest, finally settled down.
In November 279, when the Northwest War was about to end, Sima Yan launched the battle to destroy Wu. In March 280, Sun Hao surrendered and the Three Kingdoms were unified.
The above is a brief summary of the territorial changes of each country during the Three Kingdoms period. Because only wars with territorial changes are summarized, many battles are not included, such as Hefei, which can be called the defense of VIP during the Three Kingdoms period. The city was attacked by Sun Wu at least five times (the other two are unclear and difficult to verify), but it has always stood firm. In addition, there were many harassing battles during the Three Kingdoms period, especially between Wu and Wei that fought a lot of such battles around Jiangxia and Wancheng. These were not included because there were no territorial changes. There are also some very weird records. For example, when Cao Zhen’s attack on Shu was written in the book of Jin, Sima Yi led a teacher from Xicheng (now Ankang, Shaanxi) to gouge the mountain to Juren (now Chongqing Yunyang). This is enough for a fantasy. Then he said that he had captured Xinfeng County, but the Xinfeng County of Shangyong only appeared during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and this place was originally from the Wei Kingdom. It can be seen that there is a strange record in Jin Shu that I don't know where it copied.
Wei Guo did not have a big advantage against Wu Shu when the gap in national strength was not obvious in the early stage. Cao Zhen and his sons launched two wars against Shu. They were all blind fights. In addition, at that time, the Shu Kingdom was united and well-armed. Wei Guo was ugly to lose. Cao Wei is also quite helpless with Wu. Cao Wei is particularly fond of three-way war against Wu, but there is always something wrong with the way that leads to strategic failure. Cao Pi's three-way war against Wu and Cao Ren dragged his back, Cao Rui's three-way war against Wu and Cao Xiu dragged his back. Sima Shi's three-way attack on Wu Huzun dragged his feet. During the Cao Rui period, Sima Yi proposed the strategy of choosing one from Xiakou and Wancheng. Later, in the period of Sima Shi, Wei's strategic thinking did not change much, that is, several armies set off at the same time, and Wu Guo must save one of them. Can't take care of other ways. This is why Cao Wei likes to play the three-way attack on Wu, but every time he fails because he will play epic GG along the way...
In Wushu, 228 years and 257 years are two important These are the two easiest times for the Northern Expedition to succeed. 228 years ago, there was the Mengda rebellion and the shaking of the three counties. Later, Zhou Mu broke off Shiting's victory. In 257, the Zhuge Dan rebellion was unprecedented in scale. These two times are the best time to subvert Cao Wei. However, in 228, the pig teammate Meng Da was quickly killed and Zhuge Liang misused Ma Di, which led to a failure, and Wu Guo also managed to cut off Cao Xiu in the battle of Shiting.Not perfect, no further results have been achieved. The next time was even stronger and closer to victory. However, Jiang Wei defeated Duan Gu the previous year, and the Shu army was badly injured and unable to shake the Wei army in the northwest. However, Wu Guo was trapped in court struggle and was ruined by Sun Wei's poor operation.
After the fall of the Wei State, Wu State still had some dazzling performances. For example, Tao Huang regained Jiaozhou and Lu Kangxi Ling rebelled against the Jin army. These two people can be called the last glory of Wu State.
