Manchurian-Mongolian marriage refers to the Manchu who entered the Central Plains in the Qing Dynasty and maintained a long-term intermarriage system with the Mongolian people on the border, establishing a relationship between generations of in-laws. This kind of marriage is of great benefit to the Manchu and Mongolian nationalities.
Jianzhou Jurchen and Mongolia
After Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribe, they began to consider forming an alliance with Mongolia to jointly deal with the Ming Dynasty. As the Horqin Ministry in Chahar, Mongolia, borders the Jianzhou Ministry, the two sides also communicate better in terms of culture, so Nurhachi decided to join forces with Horqin Ministry from the very beginning.
At the time, the Mongolian Chahar tribe was led by Lin Dan Khan, whose strength should not be underestimated. Nurhachi decided to form an alliance with them, firstly to fight the Ming Dynasty together, and secondly to divide the forces of Mongolia. The best way to form an alliance is through marriage.
Nurhachi "I heard that the daughter of Mongolian Korqin Beilemingan is very wise, sent the envoy to hire, Mingan Xu Yan. Send the girl to the car uniform to welcome the banquet as a gift." Then, the tradition of marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia Officially opened.
Not only Nurhachi married the woman of Horqin, his son also married the woman of Horqin. Within a year, his second son, Baturubel, married Zhongnen, the daughter of Zalut, a Mongolian; the fourth son, Huang Taiji, married the daughter of Horqin, Manggus; and his fifth son, Manggurtai, married Zalut, Neqi. The younger sister; ten sons of Dege class married the daughter of Harababai of Zarut.
In addition to marrying a Mongolian woman, Nurhachi also married his daughter to Mongolia. In this way, Manchuria and Mongolia have always maintained a good relationship and reached a consensus with the outside world. This is the origin between Manchuria and Mongolia, and also the beginning of the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia.
Huangtaiji Chongde Five Palaces
In the reign of Huangtaiji, the marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia was pushed to the extreme. There are nine concubines in Huang Taiji, six of whom are from Mongolia. After he became emperor, he canonized five concubines, also known as the Five Great Fujin, all of whom are from Mongolia, and they all have the surname of Borzigit.
Zhezhe, Queen of the Palace, was the Fujin chosen for Huang Taiji when Nurhachi was there, and she was the daughter of Mongolian Horqin Belmangus. She was the first Queen of the Borzigit clan in the Qing Dynasty, and she had a high status at the time. Although she did not give birth to a son for Huang Taiji, her status has never been shaken by the background of Mongolian Horqin.
Donggong Chenfei Hailanzhu, I believe everyone is no stranger to her, she is Huang Taiji's favorite concubine, and Empress Zhezhe is her aunt. In the harem of Huangtaiji, apart from the queen, Hailanzhu has the highest status.
Xigong Guifei Na wooden clock, from the Abahai tribe of Mongolia, also surnamed Bolzigit. She was originally Lin Danhan's main family Dafujin. After Lin Danhan's death, all the remaining forces returned to Houjin, and Na Muzhong became a side Fujin of Huang Taiji. Huang Taiji proclaimed the emperor, canonized her as the imperial concubine of the West Palace, ranking third in the harem.
Second Donggong's concubine Batmawan, like Namuzhong, comes from the Abahai tribe of Mongolia and one of the blessings of Lin Dan Khan. After his tribe returned to Jin, Batmawan became the concubine of Huang Taiji. Ranked fourth in the harem.
Cixi Gongzhuang Concubine Bumubutai, from the Horqin Ministry of Mongolia, Empress Zhezhe is her aunt, Hai Lanzhu is her sister. And she was later the famous female politician of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Xiaozhuangwen. However, during the Huang Taiji period, she was not favored. In the Chongde Five Palaces, she was at the end.
This is the famous "Chongde Five Palaces", which is the most active period of the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia. Huang Taiji not only married many Mongolian women, but also married ten daughters and two adopted daughters to Mongolia. From this time on, the marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia has basically become a tradition.
The two queens of Shunzhi
Shunzhi was six years old, so he was unable to pro-government, relying on his mother, the Queen Mother Xiaozhuang. When Shunzhi reached the marriageable age, it was up to the Queen Mother Xiaozhuang to marry a woman from Horqin, who was also Xiaozhuang's niece as his wife and was named a queen.
But Shunzhi didn’t like this queen because she was "good and jealous", and the queen was chosen by Xiaozhuang and Dorgon, This made Shun Heal dissatisfied, and finally decided to scrap. Xiaozhuang really couldn't hold back his son, so he had to agree to let him go, but because of this, the mother and son were separated.
Later, Xiaozhuang chose another queen for Shunzhi, who also came from Horqin, and was the grandnephew of the Queen Mother Xiaozhuang. At this time, Shunzhi had Concubine Dong E, so he thought of abolishing it again, but Xiaozhuang said nothing this time. After all, Concubine Dong E was not a Mongolian, and it was not conducive to the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia.
It can be seen that in the Shunzhi period, even if the emperor was no longer willing to establish a Mongol empress, Xiaozhuang could only insist on the relationship between the two parties, even though he was gradually alienated from his son. It can also be seen that the marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia is indeed very important.
However, after Kangxi came to the throne, Xiaozhuang selected the queen for her, but she was not from Mongolia. We have seen from Shunzhi that Xiaozhuang did not hesitate to create a gap with his son in order to maintain the long-term marriage between Manchu and Mongolia. But when Kangxi came here, Xiaozhuang from Mongolia did not give Kangxi a Mongolian queen. Why?
Kangxi had four queens in total, three of whom were set up by him himself, and one was Yongzheng's biological mother, who was named as the "Queen of Xiao Gongren" by Yongzheng Wu Ya. However, none of these four queens are from Mongolia. Among them, the first queen was the Empress of Xiaochengren Heshe Lishi.
The first non-Mongolian queen of the Qing Dynasty
Queen Xiaochengren is the head of the four major ministers of Kangxi and the granddaughter of Sony. Although the auxiliary minister is also very important, why did Xiaozhuang give up the marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia for many years because of a auxiliary minister?
As we all know, Kangxi has four auxiliary ministers, namely Sony, Suksaha, Yubilong and Obai. Among them, Obai was the most arrogant, and did not even put the emperor in his eyes, which made Xiaozhuang and Kangxi deeply disturbed. In order to counterbalance Obhai, other forces must be used.
At that time Kangxi had reached the age of marriageable age, Xiaozhuang began to focus on this issue. Among the candidates for the queen, there are both Obai's daughter and Nibilong's daughter. In order to counterbalance Obai, first of all his daughter cannot be chosen. And Nibilong is a wall of grass, if his daughter is the queen, maybe one day he will fall to Obai.
choose to choose, or to win over Sony's influence is the most reliable. Sony has always opposed Obai, and at the same time he is the head of the four major ministers, and a heavy court minister. If he can win over Sony, it is bound to be beneficial to the balance of Obai. Therefore, Xiaozhuang finally chose Sony's granddaughter, Herschel.
However, since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty has always established the Mongol empress, which has become a practice invisibly. Now Xiaozhuang has changed the tradition, which is still a big surprise. Ober knew well why Xiaozhuang chose Hesheli, so he also cited this matter as an example.
But Xiaozhuang himself had the right to speak in Mongolia, and he was also the empress dowager of the Qing Dynasty, so Obai's questioning did not affect the outcome of the matter. In the fourth year of Kangxi, the twelve-year-old Heshe Lishi was canonized and officially became the queen of the Qing Dynasty.
The Hersheli was the first in the Qing Dynasty, a non-Mongolian queen, and it was also from her that there was no Mongolian queen in the Qing Dynasty.
Marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia is to maintain the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia, and it has gradually formed a routine for a long time. Even if Xiaozhuang has the right to speak on both sides of Manchuria and Mongolia, will her change of tradition still affect the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia, and even cause dissatisfaction among Mongolians?
The answer is no, for the following reasons.
1. Kangxi still has Mongolian concubines. Although Kangxi did not have a Mongolian empress, there are still concubines from Mongolia among his concubines. Among them, the concubine Xuan and Concubine Hui were from the Horqin Ministry and were surnamed Borzijit, and they were also the earliest concubines in Kangxi.
2. The marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia is still in place. The absence of a Mongolian woman does not mean that the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia is broken. First of all, as mentioned earlier, Kangxi still has Mongolian concubines. Secondly, the princes and princes of Manchuria are still married to Mongolian princes. Six of Kangxi's eight daughters married into Mongolia successively.
Third, the Qing Dynasty is rich and strong. EarlyNurhachi and Mongolia were married to jointly deal with the Ming Dynasty and separate Mongolian forces. By the time of Kangxi, Manchuria was already very powerful. Mongolia's support can only be said to be the icing on the cake, but it is no longer a charcoal.
Fourth, Xiaozhuang is still there. Even if Kangxi did not register the Mongol queen, the empress dowager Xiaozhuang is a Mongolian and is also the most respected person of Kangxi. As long as she is there, the interests of the Mongolian people will not be affected, so the people of Horqin will not have any objections.
I have to say that Xiaozhuang is really an excellent female politician. She can act decisively at critical moments and dare to break the tradition to protect the world. This is what a politician should have. Just as Kangxi said: "If there is no grandmother, the empress dowager can never be established today."
Getting back to the subject, in this way, starting from Kangxi, the Qing emperor’s tradition of setting up a Mongol queen was broken. , But the marriage of Manchuria and Mongolia did not end. Emperor Yongzheng had only one daughter and was reluctant to marry her far away, but Yongzheng also adopted three daughters and married them to Mongolia. Two of Qianlong's five daughters were married to Mongolian princes.
At the beginning, Nurhachi decided to form an alliance with Mongolia, which opened up the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia. The Emperor Taiji consolidated the post-Jin regime and continued to unite Mongolia against the Ming Dynasty. That's why the "Chongde Five Palaces" were created. Although there was no Mongol queen in the Kangxi period, in order to consolidate the territory, it was still necessary to maintain the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia. Therefore, this was the most concentrated dynasty when the princess married Mongolia.
When Qianlong was here, the national power of the Qing Dynasty was very strong, the governance of the frontier gradually stabilized, and the role of Mongolian princes was gradually reduced. Therefore, there have been some changes in the marriage, and the policies of the Qing Dynasty rulers towards the Mongolian tribes have also changed.
First of all, there has been no Mongolian queen. Secondly, the princesses of the Qing Dynasty rarely marry Mongolia, and more often leave Mongolia to serve in Beijing. For example, although Qianlong's two daughters were married to Mongolian princes, they all took the form of keeping Beijing in their foreheads. After Qianlong, the traditional system of Manchu and Mongolian marriages gradually became looser.
(Reference "Qing History Draft" and "Qing Shi Lu")
