"New Chapter on Supervision", written by Hong Renyan , and was engraved and promulgated by the King of Heaven Hong Xiuquan . The "New Chapter on Guidance" includes four parts: employing people to observe mistakes and banning cliques; eliminating corrupt lifestyles and changing customs; implementing new social and economic policies to imitate Western capitalism; and adopting a new criminal law system. "New Chapter on Guidance" summarizes the main experiences and lessons learned from the founding of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom from a political perspective, and requires the implementation of new social and economic policies, such as strengthening centralization, opposing decentralization, opposing gangs and private practices, etc.
"New Chapter on Guidance" mainly answers the question of where the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom or the peasant revolution should go. Hong Renyi discussed the general trend of countries around the world at that time, pointed out the reasons for the prosperity or backwardness of various countries, and then put forward a series of suggestions to imitate the Western capitalist system, mainly including: ① Establish newspapers, communicate emotions from the upper and lower levels, and set up provincial news officials who do not accept or control officials, and specialize in receiving news newspapers from various places to present to the king. ② Establish certain local autonomous institutions to manage local finance, township soldiers, education, hospitals, and social relief undertakings. ③ Establish modern industrial and mining transportation enterprises, imitate trains and ships, set up post offices, advocate building roads, repairing water conservancy, starting mines, setting up factories, establishing banks, issuing paper money, etc., allowing private investment, reward inventions and creations, and protecting patents. ④ Traffic with foreign countries and have equal contact. Foreigners are welcome to teach technology, but they are not allowed to interfere in internal affairs.
"New Chapter on Advising on Advising" starts from the principle of "adapting to the times and acting on the situation", and based on the facts of China and the world trend at that time, it proposes to develop a capitalist economy and carry out some corresponding superstructure reforms in China. Hong Xiuquan made a careful instruction on the "New Chapter of Supervision". In addition to expressing opposition to the two aspects of not killing and warning killing, he generally adopted an affirmative and agreeable attitude.
"New Chapter on Guidance" is the earliest modern blueprint for capitalism proposed by modern China, indicating the tendency of learning from the West after the country's door is opened. Hong Xiuquan expressed his basic support and demanding implementation of the bold presentation in the "New Chapter of Guizhou" that requires the transformation of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in accordance with the capitalist model. It shows that the leaders of the peasant revolution absorbed the historical experience since the founding of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and began new explorations on national construction. This also shows that if conditions permit, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is likely to embark on a different path from the traditional peasant war. Learning from the West was a progressive idea at that time. As a peasant revolutionary leader, Hong Xiuquan considered this issue and answered it, showing his courage and vision.
"New Chapter on Guidance" is like "Celestial Dynasty Field System", which opposes the feudal social system, but it depicts the peasant masses not the heaven of a small peasant economy based on egalitarianism , but a new heaven of a capitalist model that recognizes the difference between the rich and the poor. The author of "New Chapter on Guidance" vaguely felt that only by developing capitalism can we completely defeat the feudal system and effectively resist foreign aggression. This reflects the characteristics of the times of Chinese society after the Opium War and is in line with the direction of historical progress. However, since the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was always in a harsh war environment in the later period, Hong Renyu's political design could not be shelved and there was no chance of slight implementation. Therefore, the promulgation of this document did not have a significant impact on the political life of the later Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
