The Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) was founded by Zhao Gou, the son of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and its capital was Lin'an (today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang). In 1127, after the Jingkang Revolution, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian Prefecture (now Shangqiu, Henan) and rebuilt the Song Dynasty. For the Northern Song Dynasty, it was located in the south and was known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history. First, the main war factions such as Yue Fei were appointed to fight against the Jin Dynasty, and then the main peace faction Qin Hui was appointed to negotiate peace with the Jin Kingdom . In 1141, the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" was signed, forming a confrontation between the north and the south. In 1163, the Southern Song Dynasty launched an undeclared war and launched the "Longxing Northern Expedition", but it ended in failure. 
In 206, the "Kaixi Northern Expedition" was launched, but it still failed. 1276, The Yuan Dynasty army invaded Lin'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty went into exile in the south. In 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty army was defeated in the Yashan naval battle, and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed.
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (1107-1187) , courtesy name Deji, the ninth son of Song Huizong, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. The founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He reigned from 1127 to 1162. His temple name was Gaozong, his posthumous name was the Holy God Wu Wen Zhao Ren Xian Xiao Emperor, and he was buried in Yongsiling Tomb. After the Jingkang Revolution, he ascended the throne in Yingtian Mansion and proclaimed himself emperor. He traveled to Yangzhou, Jiankang, Hangzhou, Yuezhou and other places, and finally settled in Lin'an. On the one hand, appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other main war factions to resist the Jin army, and on the other hand, Wang Boyan, Qin Hui and other peace-promoting factions were appointed to negotiate peace with the Jin state. In 1141, the Shaoxing Peace Treaty was signed, giving up the old territory and paying tribute to the Jin Dynasty, forming a confrontation between the north and the south. In 1155, he began to rectify the official administration, clean up Qin Hui's party members, restrict the power of the prime minister, and loosen the speech environment, which is known as "Shaoxing Genghua" in history. 1162, Hailing King After Wanyan Liang failed to invade the south, Zhao Gou gave the Zen throne to Song Xiaozong.
Song Xiaozong Zhao Yu (1127-1194) , with the character Yuanyong, and his original name was Zhao Bocong, The seventh grandson of Song Taizu , the adopted son of Song Gaozong, the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty . He reigned from 1162 to 1189. His temple name was Xiaozong, his posthumous name was Emperor Zhewenshenwuchengxiao, and he was buried in Yongfu Mausoleum. In 1162, Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, returning the throne of the Song Dynasty to the lineage of Song Taizu. During his reign, he rehabilitated Yue Fei and launched the "Longxing Northern Expedition" in an attempt to regain the Central Plains. However, he failed miserably and had to sign the "Longxing Peace Agreement" with the Jin Dynasty to restore peace between the Song and Jin Dynasties. worked hard to rectify the official administration, reform the official system, advocate frugality, and provide relief to the people, which brought stability to the Southern Song Dynasty, which is known as the "Government of Qian Chun" in history. In 1189, Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty stayed in mourning for three years because of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty. His Zen position was Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty. In 1194, due to Song Guangzong's unfilial piety, Song Xiaozong became depressed and died of illness.
Song Guangzong Zhao Dun (1147-1200), the third son of Song Xiaozong, the third emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He reigned from 1189 to 1194. His temple name was Guangzong, his posthumous name was Xianren Shengzhe Cixiao Emperor, and he was buried in Yongchang Mausoleum. In 1189, he received the Zen throne of Song Xiaozong and promoted Gongzhou to Chongqing Prefecture. He boasted of "double happiness", and Chongqing got its name from this. Song Guangzong was unable to handle government affairs due to illness, and his queen Li Shi began to interfere in politics. However, Mrs. Li has no intention of handling government affairs. For her, power means that she can benefit her natal family. Alienated by Queen Li, Song Xiaozong and Song Guangzong were not harmonious for a long time, and they developed unreasonable suspicion and extremely paranoid morbid psychology. As Song Guangzong's condition worsened, the officials could no longer tolerate Song Guangzong. In 1194, Song Guangzong was forced to abdicate.
Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo (1168-1224), the second son of Song Guangzong, the fourth in the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor . Reigned from 1194 to 1224. His temple name was Ningzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Renwenzhe, Wushengrui and Gongxiao. He was buried in the Yongmao Mausoleum of . In 1194, he ascended the throne with the support of ministers such as Han Zhouzhou and Zhao Ruyu. Zhao Ruyu and Han Yuzhou were reused, and the struggle between the Zhao and Han factions became fierce. In 1195, Zhao Ruyu was deposed and Han Zhouzhou became good at governing. In 1196, Neo-Confucianism was identified as pseudo-science, and Zhu Xi and others were prohibited from participating in the imperial examinations and serving as officials. This was known as the "Qingyuan Party Ban" in history. In 1204, Yue Fei was posthumously named King of Hubei.In 1206, Han Yuzhou launched the Northern Expedition but failed and was forced to sign the "Jiading Peace Agreement". 1 In 207, Han Yuzhou was killed, Shi Miyuan took over the power of the prime minister and the military. Due to physical reasons, he is obsessed with Taoist cultivation. In 1224, Song Ningzong died of illness.
Song Lizong Zhao Yun (1205-1264) , originally named Zhao Guicheng, the tenth grandson of Song Taizu, The fifth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty . He reigned from 1224 to 1264. His temple name was Lizong , and his posthumous title was Emperor Liewenrenwushengmingminganxiao. He was buried in Yongmuling . In 1224, he was promoted to the throne by the powerful minister Shi Miyuan. He only cares about government affairs, respects Neo-Confucianism, and indulges in sensuality. In 1233, Shi Miyuan died, and Song Lizong began to take charge. He deposed Shi Miyuan's party members, clarified official administration, rectified finances, and respected Neo-Confucianism, which was known as "Duanping Genghua" in history. 234, the alliance with Mongolia destroyed the Jin Kingdom. After that, troops were sent to try to regain Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo (today's Kaifeng, Henan Province), Henan Prefecture in Xijing (today's Luoyang, Henan Province), and Yingtian Prefecture in Nanjing (today's Shangqiu, Henan Province). However, they failed due to insufficient food and grass and a lack of cavalry, which seriously weakened the national power of the Southern Song Dynasty. 1 In 235, Mongolia invaded the Southern Song Dynasty on the grounds that the Southern Song Dynasty had violated the agreement.
Song Duzong Zhao Xu (1240-1274) , the nephew of Song Lizong, the sixth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty . Reigned from 1264 to 1274, with the temple name Duzong and the posthumous title Duan Wenming Wu Jingxiao Emperor, and was buried in Yongshaoling. In 1264, Song Duzong came to the throne. His IQ was lower than the normal level and he was extravagant. The power of the military and state was handed over to Jia Sidao, which led to the darkness of the government. 267, the Yuan army attacked the important towns of Fancheng and Xiangyang in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jia Sidao blocked the news. Only after being besieged for three years did Song Duzong learn about it. In 1273, Fancheng fell, and Xiangyang defender Xiancheng surrendered. At this time, Jia Sidao led his army to go out, but Song Duzong held back Jia Sidao and refused to let him go out. In 1274, Song Duzong died of excessive drinking and sex.
Song Gongzong Zhao 㬎 (1271-1323) , the second son of Song Duzong, the seventh emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. . Reigned from 1274 to 1276, with the temple name Gongzong and the honorary title Xiaogong Yisheng Emperor. In 1274, because he ascended the throne at a young age, his grandmother Xie served as regent and Jia Sidao took control of the government. At this time, the Yuan army launched a general offensive against the Southern Song Dynasty. 276, the Yuan army came to Lin'an, but failed to seek peace. Song Gongzong abdicated and surrendered, and was granted the title of Duke of Ying. The Southern Song Dynasty was over. In 1288, he was sent to Tubo by Kublai Khan to study Tibetan and Buddhist scriptures. In 1323, he was sentenced to death for violating the text prison .
Song Duanzong Zhao Shi (1269-1278) , the eldest son of Duzong of the Song Dynasty , the eighth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty . He reigned from 1276 to 1278. His temple name was Duanzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Yuwen Zhaowu Minxiao. He was buried in Yongfuling Tomb. In 1276, after Song Gongzong surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, Song Duanzong was proclaimed emperor in Fuzhou by Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and others, in an attempt to revive the state again. Under the oppression of the Yuan army, the Southern Song Dynasty court fled south step by step, spending most of its time at sea. In 1278, Song Duanzong suffered repeated ups and downs and died of illness.
Zhao Bing (1272-1279) , the third son of Song Duzong, the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty , reigned from 1278 to 1279. In 1278, Zhao Bing was proclaimed emperor by Lu Xiufu. 279, the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Yashan. Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea and died for his country with Zhao Bing on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed.
