The great powers divided China (original coffee essay)
The late 19th century and the early 20th century, Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan and other great powers set off a frenzy of dividing China.
Russia has served as the pioneer in invasion of China with its geographical advantages.
For this reason, Russian Tsar Nicholas II proposed and presided over the formulation of the "Yellow Russia Plan".
This is a plan to swallow up northern China's territory, intending to turn the north of the Great Wall into the so-called "yellow Russia", like Little Russia (Ukraine), Belarus , which means drawing a straight line from Qiaogoli Peak on the Sino-Russian border in Xinjiang to Vladivostok , and all the land north of this place is assigned to Russia.
Boxer Movement rose, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, Tsar Nicholas II believed that the opportunity to achieve "Yellow Russia" had come, so on July 9, 1900 announced himself as commander-in-chief, and mobilized 200,000 troops and invaded the Northeast in seven directions. On August 9, Qiqihar was captured by the Russian army, and Heilongjiang General Shoushan committed suicide and died for his country. On August 25, Jilin General Changshun "discussed peace" with the Tsarist Russian invaders, and Jilin fell. On October 1, Shenyang fell, and General Shengjing Zengqi abandoned the city and fled. At this point, the entire northeast was under the iron hoof of Tsarist Russia. During this period, the Russian army carried out a massacre on the residents of Hailanpao and Jiangdong Sixty-Second Village.
Hailanpao Massacre (Original Coffee Essay)
Previously, in order to realize the "Yellow Russia Plan", Tsarist Russia mainly did the following behaviors.
One of them forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, plundered more than 1.5 million square kilometers of China's territory, and at the same time implemented large-scale infiltration of Outer Mongolia .
The second is to build the Middle East Railway and obtain the privilege of crossing road construction.
On June 3, 1896, Li Hongzhang and Russian Empire signed the Sino-Russian Secret Agreement, allowing Russia to build a railway that travels across Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in China and leads to Vladivostok (Vladivostok) - the Middle East Railway. Russia has the right to use the railway to transport wounded, food and ordnance, regardless of war or peacetime.
Third, large-scale cultural invasion.
With the construction of the Middle East Railway, the Russian Orthodox Church has built more than 130 churches (prayerhouses) in the northeast.
From 1898 to 1917, Russia has opened more than 400 boys and girls schools in the Northeast.
Russia has also published many newspapers and magazines in China as its tools to promote Russian culture.
In addition, Russia has established various societies in major cities along the Middle East Railway to obtain economic information, mainly including: the Royal Russian Oriental Association, the Middle East Railway Economic Survey Association, the Manchurian Animal and Flora Research Association, etc.
Inequality Treaty (Original Coffee Essay)
After Tsarist Russia occupied Northeast China, it aroused strong opposition from the Chinese people and the great powers such as Japan, Britain and the United States that covet China's rights and interests.
Under this situation, Russia was forced to agree to withdraw troops from the Northeast, and signed the "Hangml3 Treaty on the Departure of the Three East Provinces " on April 2, 1902. The treaty stipulated that Russia would completely withdraw from Northeast China in three batches within one and a half years.
But Russia did not really implement the content of the treaty. After the first withdrawal in October 1902, refused to continue to implement the treaty in the name of protecting the railway. refused to continue to implement the treaty. In August 1903, it established the so-called "Governor General of the Far East" and then sent troops to occupy Fengtian , brazenly regarded the Northeast as Russia's territory, intending to realize its so-called "Yellow Russia Plan".
This caused strong dissatisfaction with Japan, which has always been salivating from Northeast China.
On February 8, 1904, the Japanese Navy suddenly attacked Russia's fleet stationed in Lushunkou, China without declaring war. The Russo-Japanese War broke out.
The Russo-Japanese War ended with Russia's defeat. On August 10, 1905, Japan and Russia formally held peace talks in Portsmouth, USA and signed the Portsmouth Peace Treaty on September 5.
Yellow Russia Plan (Original Coffee Essay)
As the biggest victim of the war, China was excluded from peace talks and finally accepted the reality that Japan and Russia re-divided the sphere of influence in the Northeast.
However, thankfully, Tsarist Russia vomited most of the territory of Northeast China after the war. Japan also lost its strength greatly and was unable to occupy Manchuria. It only retained the right to lease Dalian Lushun, and most of the Northeast actually returned to China.
After that, Nicholas II's ambition to realize the "Yellow Russia Plan" was still alive, but after that, the "1905 Revolution", " February Revolution ", and " October Revolution " broke out in China. The Russian Empire was overthrown, the Soviet regime was established, and Nicholas II was executed. His so-called "Yellow Russia" plan did not completely succeed.
Although Russia has deeply hurt China in history, we must have a long-term vision, be generous, and do not have to be overly entangled with history. We must look at problems based on our actual situation and needs. We must see clearly the importance of geopolitics .
At this stage and for a long time in the future, we all need Russia as a friend. It is our inevitable option to unite Russia to resist Western hegemony, with strategies complementary and win-win cooperation. Gone are the times when people were bullied! Now under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China is moving towards rejuvenation and standing tall in a strong country.
Each of us must unite closely around the Communist Party of China, build the motherland, resist foreign enemies, remember history, do not forget national humiliation, and revitalize China! Love me China!
Love me Chinese
