3 Saying/text/explanation/word
Lamb, roast
Lamb
Chinese characters have a long history and contain rich knowledge. Some of the Chinese characters also record the barbecue situation of our ancestors! Such as roasted, roasted birds; lamb, roasted lamb, roasted dog meat, etc. As a foodie country, barbecue has always been one of the popular choices for friends to gather. In fact, not only modern people love barbecue, this cooking method has become very popular in ancient China.
"Lamb" character shape evolution
"Lamb" is a pictographic character. The upper part of the oracle bone inscription is sheep and the lower part is fire, which means roasting the sheep with fire. bronze inscriptions is similar to oracle bone inscriptions. small seal lined. After the transformation of Li, the regular script is written as "lamb", and the four points below are changed from "fire", which has been introduced in the previous article.
"Shuowen·Sheep": "Lamb is a sheep. It means a lamb, and its original meaning is a newborn lamb. For example, there is "cannon sheep" in "Chu Ci·Shun" , which means roasted whole lamb . Generally, lamb is used, and the meat is more tender. Therefore, "lamb" replaces lamb.
"Pu Tongshi Liu Lamb" records the roasted lamb in a detailed record: "There were willow lambs in the Yuan Dynasty", which were made into a stove three feet on the ground, roasted with fire around it to make the whole red. Use iron grills to serve the lamb, cover it with willows on top, and cover it with ripeness. The whole lamb has golden and shiny appearance, the meat on the outside is browned and crispy, the meat on the inside is soft and tender, and the mutton tastes fragrant. Are you a little greedy!
[Huanyang Dihu]
Ancient northern nomadic dishes. It was introduced to the Central Plains during the Tang Dynasty and became a delicacy for the palace banquet. "Huanyang" means the whole sheep: "Huanhu" is a transliteration of the ethnic minority language, meaning a banquet.
Tomb of the King of the Western Han Dynasty Unearthed oven (Guangzhou)
Tang Dynasty Lu Yan "Lu's Miscellaneous Talks· "Imperial Chef" records: At that time, people like to eat geese. At that time, they held a banquet in the palace, and killed several geese according to the number of people who eat; remove the hair, remove the internal organs, mix the minced meat and glutinous rice with a variety of seasonings, and fill it into the goose's belly. Take a bite of the sheep, slaughter and remove the hair and peel it, remove the internal organs, put the goose into the sheep's belly, sew the mouth with thread, and put it on the fire. After the lamb is cooked, open the veil and take out the geese to eat it. It is called "Huang Sheep's death. "
[Shy]
The shape of the early character "shy" in the oracle bone inscriptions was "shy" on one side and "hands" on the other side. The structure of the left and right is the original meaning of holding a sheep as a gift. "Shy" is delicious, so "shy" means "delicious food" very early, and it is synonymous with the "shy" seen today, and is pronounced as "xiū". The original meaning is to entertain guests with mutton. " Shuowen ": "Shy, offering." "
"shy" character evolution process
"shy" developed into "sheep" in the small seal stage and "chou" (the original "hand" turned into "chou"), and the original pictophonetic character was changed to "sheep" and "chou" expressing the phonetic character, in addition to the meaning of "jinxian" , has been transcribed to meanings such as "shaming" and "difficult". Not only has the shape of the characters changed, but the meaning of the words has also been expanded.
[Good]
"Good" shape is a "sheep" above and two "words" below. Everyone praises ( ) The meaning of "sheep" is a good and beautiful character, which can also be understood as eating roasted lamb in big mouthfuls while saying that lamb is so delicious and delicious!
Warring States text "
Warring States text "Yan", the upper left is the ancient shape of "meat" and the lower left is "fire", which is actually the character "roasted". I analyzed it in the last issue. The right is an upright dog shape with the head facing the left; the structure of the small seal script slightly changes, the upper left is "meat" shape, the right is "dog", and the lower is "fire". In terms of the meaning of the structure, there is an intuitive and popular understanding, which believes that the "meat" of "fire" burning "dog" with "fire" is "Yan" (Fire). Later, in order to have a flat structure, the fire shape located at the lower part evolved into "灬".
"Shuowen·Fire": "Yes, it is burning. From the fire, the sound of the roar (rán)."
Now there is a view that the "moon" in the word "ran" refers to animal meat, dog, which represents hunting (note that the dog is not on the fire but next to the fire), and fire means barbecuing prey. The original meaning of the word "create": roast the hunted animals and eat it. When hunting in ancient times, the ancients usually needed "dog" or "falcon" to help capture prey. Until today, hunters continue to follow this hunting method, and do not directly roast the dog to eat it. I agree with this view. Some tribes in Africa still use this method to capture prey.
This scene should be the origin of the word "ran". When the original meaning of "barbecue beast meat" of "ran" disappeared, later generations added "fire" to make "burn" instead, emphasizing the meaning of "burning".
Since the word "ran" is a successful hunting and enjoying meat, it gives people a very good experience, it gradually evolved into other meanings of the word "ran", such as: "affirm", "praise", "correct" The meaning of
Baked
[Is the roasted character ? Is the roasted character ? Qi Baishi ?]
It is said that the word "roasted" was not in the Chinese characters before. In the 1930s, Qi Baishi was invited to Beijing's old brand "Halal Kao Rou Wan" to eat barbecue. The roasted meat was tender like tofu. Qi Baishi praised it and agreed to write a plaque for the barbecue restaurant. He could check many dictionaries but found no appropriate characters. Finally, considering that the roasted meat should be used with fire, he took the pronunciation of the "fire" and "kao", and created the "roasted" character, and marked a line of small characters under the plaque: "The roasted character does not have this roasted character in the bell and tripod. This is fabricated by Qi Huang (the name of Bai Shi). The word "baked" was framed and hung on the wall of the store, as a plaque of " barbecue Wan ". In 1946, the old man Bai Shi was 86 years old, and the barbecue Wan once again invited the old man to inscription. The old man Bai Shi wrote the plaque of "Halal Barbecue Wan" to form the complete store name.
Qi Bai Shi wrote a letter to ask the philologist Zhu Dexi: Are there really no baked characters in books? Zhu Dexi replied: 'Baked characters say nothing about literature. Baked characters do not even Kangxi Dictionary . As Bai Shi said, all books do not have it. "
[Is there any "baked characters"?]
Some scholars conducted a special discussion and wrote it in the 55th year of Kangxi (1716 The word "baked" is indeed not included in the "Kangxi Dictionary" in 2019. However, in social life, the word "baked" actually appeared long ago and was used in many books and articles. In other words, the word "baked" should have appeared significantly earlier than 1946.
First, the word "baked" is used in handwritten copies during the Qianlong period. The word "baked" has been started in " Dream of Red Mansions " written during the Chaolong period. Take the handwritten copy of the "Dream Manuscript" of "Dream of Red Mansions" as an example.
"Dream Manuscript" Chapter 42 reads: " Baochai smiled and said: 'Piner What do you know! That thick disk cannot be kept roasted on the fire, and you don't use ginger sauce and sauce to pre-paste on the base. Once it is over the fire, it will be fried.
Second, the word "grilled" is also used in the lead type printed books published during the Republic of China.
In the book "Beijing Customs and Score" printed in the 25th year of the Republic of China, the word "grilled" can be found.
The book "Barbecue meat, press the pig to roast it. (Copy from "Guangxu Shuntianfu Zhi")".
Popular novels use the word "baked" and political works also use the word "baked". "Baked with fire and burned" is the riddle, and the answer is the word "baked". Using the word "baked" to make riddles, it is not difficult to see how popular the word "baked" was at that time.
Third, an earlier use case was found in the "Piningzang" of the Yuan Dynasty (published in 1290) " other translations of "Miscellaneous Translation of Mia Ahan Jing " (about 351-431) Volume 9: "For example, two strong men caught the person who was extremely thin and extremely fed to roast the fire, and I was also suffering from the body's irritability, heat and pain. "It can be seen that the word "roasted" was already in the Yuan Dynasty.
The word "bake" in "Agama Sutra" is "copied", "Sixi Zang" and "Zhaocheng Jinzang" in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Copy" does not make sense, and it should be a common false "bake"; or it is a conjecture of "bake". The word "bake" has not been popular at the time, and those who do not know it will edit it to "copi" and "Puning Zang" and publish it truthfully. Later generations also wrote "bake" as "copi". "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" Chapter 46: "Xiao Yu was cage on the kang and collide with the fire. "From this point, the word "baked" may have existed in the Southern Song Dynasty.
further traces the source of "baked". Before the Ming Dynasty, "baked" was mostly written as "dry" or "entropy", and the use case was seen in Eastern Jin . "Gali Tibetan" Sanqin's "Different Translation of Miscellaneous Ah Han Sutra" Volume 9: "For example, two strong men caught the person who was extremely thin and extremely fed with fire and dryness, and I was also suffering from the body's irritability, heat and pain. "Show that the word "baked" was already in the Wei and Jin Dynasties at the latest.
This means: the word "baked" invented by Mr. Qi Baishi is worth discussing again.
When I searched for the word "baked" in the "Shuowen Jiezi" downloaded by my mobile phone, I accidentally found the word "baked" in the calligraphy column, and indicated the official script " Cao Quanbei ".
A few years ago, with the company of my classmates, I was fortunate to appreciate "Cao Quanbei" at Xi'an Stele Forest Museum . "Cao Quanbei" is East Han Wang Chang and others established the praises for Cao Quanji.
Viewed the full text of the calligraphy of "Cao Quan Stele" many times, but unfortunately the word "baked" was not discovered.
However, the dictionary of calligraphy clearly states that the word "baked" is clearly marked. If "Cao Quan Stele" does exist in the word "baked", it will exist and be used at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
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