March 10, 1991 , Comrade Xiaoping saw it on the internal reference. After the news that Zhang Xueliang and his wife went to the United States to visit relatives, they immediately called the President of the State Yang Shangkun and said, " I think, we should pay attention to this matter and hold a meeting to discuss it. "
Then he called Deng Yingchao and asked her to write a letter to Zhang Xueliang, and then gave specific instructions to the central government to welcome Zhang Xueliang's return. Comrade Xiaoping thought for a long time and sent the strong-bodied general Lu Zhengcao as a special envoy to persuade Zhang Xueliang. At first, Zhang Xueliang and Lu Zhengcao made three rules and promised to return to China. However, Zhang Xueliang then lived in seclusion in Taipei .
html moved to Hawaii in 195, and he never set foot on the land of his motherland in his entire life.
Zhang Xueliang
Why did Zhang Xueliang have made three rules and promised to return to China, but he never returned to China in his entire life? What stopped Zhang Xueliang from returning to China? Why did the Central Committee send General Lu Zhengcao as a special envoy to persuade Zhang Xueliang?
deep affectionate friendship
The reason why General Lu Zhengcao, as a special envoy, has historic origins. Because Lu Zhengcao and Zhang Xueliang are fellow villagers, both from Haicheng, Liaoning. In addition, Zhang Xueliang is Lu Zhengcao's teacher and old boss, and both are teachers and friends.
When Lu Zhengcao was born, it was the time of the Russian-Japanese War in . The Qing court was unable to control the Northeast. Northeast was in chaos. The Japanese rampant Northeast, bandits harmed the people. The people in the Northeast were not having sex. Lu Zhengcao, who was born in a poor peasant, lived a life of in teenage years, but he was very painful for the Japanese.
Lu Zhengcao during the Northeast Army
922, Lu Zhengcao, who was 16 years old, couldn't survive anymore, and participated in Northeast Army and became a soldier in Zhang Xueliang's Guard Brigade. At this time, Zhang Xueliang had already graduated from the martial arts lecture hall and became the young marshal below one person. It is said that the two will not have any intersection, but fate is often so accidental.
923 Zhang Xueliang inspected the army and found Lu Zhengcao. When he learned that he could write a good handwriting, he summoned him on a whim. After meeting, we found that Lu Zhengcao was handsome and had a good name. After a deep conversation, Zhang Xueliang learned that Lu Zhengcao was a soldier with strong patriotic sentiment in , and Lu Zhengcao was also , Haicheng people, , and was a fellow villager. The most important thing was that he believed that Lu Zhengcao was a talent .
So he sent Lu Zhengcao to martial arts hall to study. It can be said that Zhang Xueliang has the kindness of Lu Zhengcao to . General Lu Zhengcao's future achievements are inseparable from this resume in the martial arts hall. After graduation, Lu Zhengcao came to Zhang Xueliang as an adjutant and was cited by Zhang Xueliang as confidant .
Young Zhang Xueliang
Zhang Zuolin After being bombed by the Japanese army, Zhang Xueliang took office as the commander of the Northeast Army, took over the martial arts lecture hall, and became the principal. At the same time, as the confidant adjutant, Lu Zhengcao was also released by Zhang Xueliang to take charge of military power. 932html was promoted to the commander of the regiment by Zhang Xueliang in 2nd, and then participated in the Rehe War and many wars against the Japanese invaders.
936 , before Xi'an Incident, , was transferred to Dashuai Mansion by Zhang Xueliang to work. Later, participated in the Xi'an Incident initiated by Zhang Xueliang. shows how trusted Lu Zhengcao is by Zhang Xueliang.
After the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang ignoring the opposition of his subordinates and insisted on sending Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing, but was under house arrest, followed by 154 years of imprisonment.
Zhang Xueliang in prison
, and General Lu Zhengcao returned to his troops after the 2 incident and accepted the adaptation of the Communist Party. In May 11937, he joined the Communist Party . Later, under the leadership of the Communist Party, he made many military achievements in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the Minister of Railways of and was awarded the rank of general of for more than 2 years. In 11955, he was awarded the rank of general of .
html In the 180s, after the cross-strait situation eased, Lu Zhengcao, then vice chairman of the CPPCC, brought verbal messages to Zhang Xueliang many times. It can be seen that he had not seen him for decades, and he was still thinking about his old superiors and old friends. Zhang Xueliang's niece Zhang Luheng also brought Zhang Xueliang's oral message to Lu Zhengcao. Zhang Xueliang said that the people he and 1km30km4 are the ones he miss the most.
Lu Zhengcao asked Zhang Luheng to send a message to Zhang Xueliang many times, saying that as long as Zhang Xueliang is willing to come back, he will meet him no matter what. It was not until 990 that Zhang Xueliang was released and returned to freedom and did not find a chance. So when Comrade Xiaoping asked him to go to to persuade Zhang Xueliang to return to the mainland , he agreed without hesitation.
Lu Zhengcao during the Eighth Route Army
1936 When the two separated, Zhang Xueliang was 36 years old and Lu Zhengcao was 33 years old. 55 years have passed, and both of them are over 60 years old.
Three rules and promise to return to China
May 29, 1991 , New York Manhattan , , Bei Zuyi Lady Jiang Shiyun home, Zhang Xueliang has already dressed up and stood at the door, who is he welcoming? Yes, this person is our party's special envoy General Lu Zhengcao , and is also Zhang Xueliang's old subordinate, old friend and fellow villager .
After a while, the car carrying Lu Zhengcao stopped at the door. Lu Zhengcao looked at Zhang Xueliang standing at the door and got out quickly. has been away for more than half a century . The two old men shook hands excitedly, looked at each other silently , but just cried silently, and later Zhang Xueliang spoke: " Has not seen you for half a century, you are old. "
Lu Zhengcao and Zhang Xueliang
Lu Zhengcao also sighed: "Teacher, you are old too. Today is to be the special envoy of our party to wish the teacher 91st birthday, and there is also our party Deng Yingchao. Comrade's handwritten letter. "
Zhang Xueliang said: " Come in first, it is inconvenient at the door. " Then several people sat down in the living room. Lu Zhengcao immediately took out Deng Yingchao 's handwritten letter, This is the second letter from Deng Yingchao to Zhang Xueliang . Last year, Deng Yingchao sent Zhang Xueliang a message to celebrate his birthday. Zhang Xueliang ordered someone to copy it into big characters and hang it in in Kunlun Hall of Taipei Yuanshan Hotel . At that time, Chinese and foreign journalists were surprised.
Deng Yingchao
Immediately, Zhang Xueliang opened the envelope, the full text is as follows:
Mr. Han Qing is like meeting: Time never settles, and the seasons are flowing. Decades of time have passed by the sea and the sky, and the longing of longing has become stronger. Whenever I thought of Mr. Enlai during his lifetime, he sighed and felt sad. Now my husband is in good health and everything goes well, and he is happy to travel thousands of miles. Therefore, I feel very comforted when I hear this.
Mr. has been away from his hometown for many years, and his relatives and friends are looking forward to it, and it is hard to say it. Fortunately, the barriers between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have gradually retreated and exchanges have increased day by day. It is also winter goes and spring comes, and the weather is warm, so it is good to travel to your hometown. Jin Yingchao was entrusted by Mr. Deng Xiaoping and is willing to invite the husband and wife to visit the mainland in a sincere manner.
Check out the hometown, either to visit the tombs, visit relatives, sightseeing, reminiscing about the past, or settling down. Xit introduced that Comrade ×××, our party's special envoy, went forward to visit and discussed all matters. I hope that Mr. Xu will show it with respect to the intention of making proper arrangements. Greetings to your wife, Ms. Zhao.
is a song of Chunqi! Deng Yingchao, May 20, 1991
Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao
Zhang Xueliang was very excited after reading it. He watched it twice in a row, and then said to Lu Zhengcao: " Thank you for your concern. Mr. Zhou Enlai and I got the same thing earlier. I didn't expect that we would be imprisoned for half a lifetime. How could Zhang Xueliang get Mr. Zhou so much?I have long wanted to go back to my motherland to visit, but now the time is not good. Once I return to the mainland, it will inevitably cause disputes between the mainland and Taiwan. I don’t want to cause political recession because of my political recession, nor do I want to cause trouble to the country any more. In this way, I will reply to Sister Yingchao a letter . ”
Deng Yingchao
Then Zhang Xueliang found a letter paper and wrote it on it:
Mrs. Zhou Yingchao’s elder sister Huijian: Zhengcao came to the United States to hand in his letter, infinitely happy. He also conveyed the deep care of the central masters for Liang, and he was deeply moved. Liang lives in Taiwan, and his head is cloudy and sky, and he feels homesick every day. Once he has the opportunity, he will definitely set foot on his hometown.
Please pay tribute to the central masters on his behalf. Please also convey the views of Chen Yu.
I would like to pay tribute to the central masters. reverence, respecting Xia An Zhang Xueliang, bowing his head, and bowing again. On June 2,
Lu Zhengcao and Zhang Xueliang
Then Zhang Xueliang and Lu Zhengcao began a detailed discussion. They talked about the Northeast, the changes in the motherland, Zhang Zuolin, the great cause of reunification of the motherland, and One country, two systems . Zhang Xueliang strongly agreed with the mainland's proposal and said, " Although I, Zhang Xueliang, are in my 90s, I am willing to run for the motherland. If there is any need, Zhang Xueliang is willing to make a little effort . ”
Finally, the two inevitably talked about returning to the motherland. Zhang Xueliang pondered for a while and said, " can return to China, but we have something to say first, don't compliments, don't welcome, don't see the reporter. " After hearing this request, Lu Zhengcao laughed and said, " OK, I agree on behalf of my party. ”
However, after three rules, our party made all preparations for Zhang Xueliang to return to China, but there was no further information. Could it be that Zhang Xueliang was perfunctory with Lu Zhengcao, and he didn't want to go back to the mainland?
In his later years, Zhang Xueliang
That's not the case. Why?
On June 3, 1990, the Kunlun Hall of the Yuanshan Hotel in Taipei, , the guests were full of guests, and the caps were gathered. The veterans of the Kuomintang government and the surviving political leaders appeared one after another. Who is the one who is the one who holds the banquet? That's right, it's . The veterans of the Kuomintang . Zhang Qun are old friends, . . The . The .
. Zhang Xueliang was quite excited: ". What kind of virtue can I do? I can get my relatives and friends to work so hard to celebrate my birthday. What can I have to live to 90? I didn’t expect to live to 90. I really wasted 90. I am ashamed of the country and the nation. I am a sinner...”
Behind Zhang Xueliang is a passage written in big words, which says: My peers and I wish you good care for yourself, longevity and health, and hope to gather again to comfort the thoughts of old friends. Deng Yingchao .
Zhang Xueliang and Zhang Qun
That's right. After Zhang Xueliang received a congratulatory message from Deng Yingchao, he specially ordered someone to copy it and hang it in the center of the venue.
1991, at Taoyuan Airport in Taipei, Zhang Xueliang said in an interview with reporters: " I miss my hometown in Northeast China very much. I want to go back to Northeast China to sweep my father's grave . ” then boarded the plane to New York .
If Zhang Xueliang doesn’t want to return to the motherland, then he should avoid the mainland. Why is he so generous, afraid that others will not know that he is close to the mainland? So, why, Zhang Xueliang did not set foot on the mainland until his death?
Zhang Xueliang
Reasons for not returning to the motherland
Many people think it is Zhao Yidi obstructed Zhang Xueliang from returning to China, because Zhao Yidi has repeatedly expressed in public that he does not want Zhang Xueliang to return to the motherland. So is this the reason?
Zhang Xueliang and his wife March 1991 When he set off from Taoyuan Airport , Zhang Xueliang once publicly stated that does not rule out the plan to return to the Northeast to settle down. But 3 months later, Zhang Xueliang and his wife lived a secluded life in Taiwan with in an easy-to-understand seclusion. During this period, Zhao Yidi repeatedly expressed opposition to the public against Zhang Xueliang's return to the mainland. Is Zhao Yidi really ruthless to the mainland?
Middle-aged Zhang Xueliang and Zhao Yidi
You should know that Zhao Yidi has been eloped out of the clan by his father in March 1929, and after Zhang Xueliang was expelled from the clan by his father , he was published in the newspaper 1 severing relations , but blood ties are not broken off. in October 1946, Zhang Xueliang and his wife were sent to Taiwan. In the past 30 years, Zhao Yidi cut off contact with his family.
Wait until 380s , and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait could communicate letters, but it did not mean that Zhao Yidi did not miss his family.
1990 After Zhang Xueliang and his wife were freed, Zhao Yidi received a letter from her niece from her mainland. When she learned that her third sister-in-law was still alive, she was very happy.
In his later years, Zhang Xueliang and Zhao Yidi
said in their reply that their parents, brothers and sisters were not there. During my imprisonment in Taiwan, my third sister-in-law was the one who paid their parents a long-term care for their parents, but my daughter did not do her best to be filial to her parents. I am ashamed of my parents . In the letter, she also lamented that time flies so fast. has been half a century in a blink of an eye. I really hope to return to the mainland as soon as possible to reunite with you .
It can be seen that Zhao Yidi has feelings for the mainland and his relatives, and is not a heart-warming heart. The biggest reason why she opposes Zhang Xueliang's return to China in public is that the current situation is forced to let Zhang Xueliang encounter trouble again.
Therefore, it is not Zhao Yidi who blocked Zhang Xueliang from returning to China. So is it caused by the disease?
Zhang Xueliang
Although Zhang Xueliang was pampered during his imprisonment, the guards, doctors and nanny did not treat him unfairly. Moreover, Zhang Xueliang likes sports, playing basketball, tennis, swimming, etc. In addition, Zhang Xueliang has a good mentality, so he can live a long life.
However, Zhang Xueliang was seriously ill and critically ill many times during the confinement of 54 years. Especially was in seclusion in Taiwan in 1993. He suffered from acute cerebral edema and was suddenly dissipated and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment. Fortunately, his family was sent to the hospital in time. He was later in the critical illness surveillance room for several days before he recovered and was discharged from the hospital.
In January 1992, Zhang Xueliang was diagnosed with bone spurs. was not serious at the time, but it seriously affected Zhang Xueliang's actions. Especially for an elderly man of 92 years old , After moving to Hawaii in 1995, Zhang Xueliang and Zhao Yidi's physical condition was that was deteriorating .
Zhang Xueliang and his wife
Zhang Xueliang in his later years suffers from various diseases , and Zhao Yidi is the same, and hospitalization has become commonplace , Zhang Xueliang's bone spurs are becoming more and more serious , and even develops to the point where he has to walk in a wheelchair , long journeys on a plane are indeed a bit cruel for a 90-year-old man in a wheelchair.
disease may be one of the reasons why Zhang Xueliang did not return to China, but it is definitely not the main cause.
The most fundamental reason is that it comes from the persecution of the right-wing ruling Kuomintang . This tradition comes from Chiang Kai-shek . In Chiang Kai-shek's view, Zhang Xueliang launched the Xi'an Incident and saved the Communist Party . If there was no Xi'an Incident, he might have wiped out Red Army in 1937. Of course, this was Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking.
Zhang Xueliang during the Xi'an Incident
Zhang Xueliang soldiers advised Chiang Kai-shek , forcing Chiang Kai-shek to a mess and ran away alone, and then was imprisoned by Zhang Xueliang for 13 days. In Chiang Kai-shek's view, it was . How could he not take revenge on ? So after Zhang Xueliang sent him back to Nanjing, he imprisoned him. even tried to kill Zhang Xueliang many times. Fortunately, he had the protection of Soong Mei-ling, and Zhang Xueliang saved his life.
As for the other person, General Yang Hucheng After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the whole family was arrested by Korean spies in . When the Kuomintang fled southwest in 1949, Yang Hucheng's whole family was brutally killed.
So Xi'an Incident became a hurdle that Lao Jiang could not overcome. Even if died in 1975 , also instructed Jiang Jingguo to imprison Zhang Xueliang and not let the tiger go back to the mountain. After Chiang Ching-kuo's death in 1988, Lee Teng-hui came to power. Amid the appeals of many seniors of the Kuomintang, under the pressure of the form, Lee Teng-hui released Zhang Xueliang.
Zhang Xueliang and his wife in prison
Of course, Lee Teng-hui gave Zhang Xueliang limited freedom, limited to between Taiwan and the United States, and there is no option to go to the mainland. After Zhang Xueliang was released, he approached the mainland many times in public and expressed his desire to go back to his hometown in Northeast China. In Lee Teng-hui's view, such a move is betrayal of .
Zhang Xueliang After returning to Taiwan in June 1991, he was called by Lee Teng-hui. According to the staff around Zhang Xueliang, Lee Teng-hui said at that time: " I am not bad to you, why do you still have to do this on my back? I trust you so much, how can you do this behind your back? Do you still want to do this in the Xi'an Incident or Taipei Incident? "
The implication is that Do you still want to go back to the mainland to join the Communist Party?
Zhang Xueliang who moved to Hawaii
So Zhang Xueliang and his wife lived in seclusion again. It was not until 1995 that Zhang Xueliang made it clear that he wanted to immigrate to Hawaii, but he was released by the Kuomintang authorities. After more than half a century of surveillance and imprisonment, the Kuomintang’s mental oppression of Zhang Xueliang was too great. In order not to cause trouble to his family, Zhang Xueliang chose to immigrate to Hawaii and did not return to the mainland until his death.
1995 , Zhang Xueliang donated his inheritance to Columbia University , the most important of which is various confidential letters and documents. How many secrets of the Kuomintang are involved can be imagined. . In order to cut off the possibility of Zhang Xueliang returning to the mainland, the Kuomintang smeared Zhang Xueliang, so that now mainlanders only know that Zhang Xueliang would rather donate his inheritance to the United States than to the motherland.
The Tomb of Zhang Xueliang and his wife
Of course, Zhang Xueliang did not return to the motherland, and there was also the reason why he was ashamed of the people of Northeast China. 918 is an unforgettable national humiliation and pain that all Chinese people cannot forget. If they do not resist, it is indeed Zhang Xueliang who is ashamed of the people of Northeast China.
Looking at Zhang Xueliang's life, he has mixed praise and criticism. Not resisting in September 18th is a mistake, launching the Xi'an Incident is a merit, and the patriotic general is the greatest praise for Zhang Xueliang's life. As for his famous history behind him, he will give a fair evaluation!
