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As a former leader of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev has rarely been mentioned, especially the Chinese living in the present.
But we still need to thank him for his support and assistance for the development of New China.
So what help did he give us?
Unprecedented aid changed the industrial foundation of China that is in destruction and has been restored. As the leader of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev sent seven major projects to the newly established New China at the beginning of his rule, namely.
The Soviet Union provided China's urgently needed food and sugar to help solve China's food shortage, help China build urgently needed heavy industrial projects, and solve key national development problems;
actively provided 5-year huge interest-free and unsecured loans to meet the use of Chinese funds;
completely abolished the Secret Supplementary Agreement in the " Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance Mutual Assistance Treaty ";
actively adjusts the ratio of Chinese RMB to Soviet rubles ;
transfers Russian shares in the joint venture between the two parties to China;
In terms of atomic energy , in addition to providing core technologies free of charge, it also helps to cultivate talents, help build a nuclear industrial system, and resists the threat of the US;
actively sends the Soviet naval base in Lushun and a large number of equipment to China. The implementation of projects such as
undoubtedly fundamentally strengthened the strength of New China, strengthened the strength of New China, and gave Chinese leaders more confidence on the international stage. The implementation of these projects such as
has benefited China a lot. Even if the relationship between the two countries changes later, these cooperation projects continue to play a key role, helping China achieve independence and autonomy.
Why did Khrushchev, as the leader of the Soviet Union, have such great determination and contribute so much to China's construction?
Many people are puzzled by this, especially Western leaders, because they have never seen any country willing to give such great assistance to their neighbors.
, the 19.1 billion yuan aid fund, accounts for about 7% of the Soviet Union's GDP (Gross Domestic Product ), and is an authentic big-ticket .
's huge aid not only stunned Western leaders, but also opposed the Soviet leaders. But Khrushchev approved the plan in a tough manner despite opposition and delivered it to the implementation of aid to China.
After the completion of the aid project of China's defense military enterprise , the Soviet Union could effectively pass on these technologies in order to support China's economic development.
also specially sent a group of top experts to help China cultivate local talents, and an additional number of higher professional colleges have been established to fill the gap in China's technology.
not only gave China's "big fish", but also gave "fishing technology" to help cultivate outstanding "fishing experts".
In order to accelerate the training of talents, the Soviet Union also accepted a group of personnel from China to Moscow and other places for training.
The Soviet Union's help was all-round, not only assisting our country in building various urgently needed heavy industrial enterprises, but also providing strong military support.
In order to effectively combat the aggressive offensives of the United States and Chiang Kai-shek , he often sent armed aircraft to harass the coastal areas. Khrushchev sent the Soviet Air Force into our territory. In addition to teaching necessary military technology,
also personally assisted our army in resisting the multiple invasions of American aircraft and protecting China.
At that time, the new China was in a mess, and all aspects of industry, military and other aspects needed comprehensive development.
It is precisely because of the full help of the Soviet Union Stalin and Khrushchev that our country has gradually embarked on the road of industrialization.
With the strong support of Khrushchev, the economy of New China has made historic breakthroughs, both in industrial economic development and national defense construction, which has not only successfully achieved independent defense, but also laid a solid foundation for future development.
Confession-hateful help strengthened Comintern strength
Why was Khrushchev so generous? What is his purpose?
To answer this question, we have to start with the background of Khrushchev's time and the situation at home and abroad in the Soviet Union.
From the perspective of the international situation, with the joint efforts of China, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and other countries in 1945, the World War finally ended after years of bloody battles.
As the Allies, the United States and the Soviet Union began to roll up inward due to the disappearance of their common enemy.
First of all, the then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill took advantage of the opportunity to visit the United States on March 5, 1946 to deliver the infamous Iron Curtain Speech publicly tear the world apart.
This speech marked the beginning of the transformation from cooperation to confrontation in the East and West world, and used the form of Cold War until the collapse of the Soviet Union and the unification of the two Germanys.
A year later, Truman released the " Truman " on March 12, officially dividing the world into capitalist camp and socialist camp .
From then on, the unprecedented Cold War officially launched, casting a shadow on world peace.
After World War II, many countries that were originally enslaved by colonialism began to awaken and launched the national liberation movement .
With the victory of the war, many countries broke free from the shackles of the colonists, won the victory, and became an important force in the world.
capitalist countries led by old imperialism are obviously unwilling to withdraw from these colonies and attempt to continue to occupy their territory.
However, the Communist International, led by the Soviet Union, effectively attacked these colonial forces by powerful means and the rise of the working class within these countries.
In order to strengthen the Western power and save the post-war capitalist power. Faced with the huge post-war war trauma, the United States proposed the European revival plan , which began to be implemented in July of that year.
In fact, in the first two years, the United States has invested $9 billion to support the restoration of construction of Western European countries. This reconstruction plan is known in history as the " Marshall Plan ".
In order to receive the assistance of the United States, Western European countries have established a new organization - the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with the help of the United States. Afterwards, the United States began to implement the plan, investing $13 billion in post-war reconstruction. The injection of funds such as
quickly produced good results. While supporting the economic development of Western European countries, the United States also benefited from the US-European trade after the economic recovery. The Soviet Union saw these situations in
and knew that this kind of support was not just a expenditure, but also a very good project for investing countries.
not only revitalizes the economy of the invested countries and wins reputation and friendship, but also can obtain generous returns on interests through trade and other forms.
At the same time, the Soviet Union also understood that the fundamental purpose of the Americans investing money to support Western European countries regardless of cost is to try every means to curb the Soviet Union.
Their purpose was to use Western European countries to fight the Soviet Union after the economic recovery.
is still in the war period, and Americans George Kennan has predicted in advance that the post-war world will form a bipolar pattern and began to brew solutions.
After the war, with the increasing influence of the Soviet Union, political party forces representing the interests of the working class were able to rise rapidly.
, especially France and Italy, the Communist Party once won the parliamentary elections and became the largest party.The emergence of these new situations has allowed the Soviet Union to see the hope of the booming rise of international communist forces, and also made the United States and European countries feel the danger of "the rise of communism."
On April 3, 1948, the US President approved the European Revival Plan and signed a document to establish the General Administration of Economic Cooperation.
Stalin firmly opposed this plan, believing that it would endanger the survival and development of the Communist International camp, and would greatly weaken the development of the Soviet Union and undermine world peace.
In order to oppose this plan, he also proposed a similar Molotov plan, and the Economic Mutual Aid Committee was also able to launch it at the same time.
also appeared in the military two major camps, and they became the North Atlantic Organization and the Warsaw Treaty Organization , established in 1955. The purpose of the two camps is nothing more than to curb each other and seize world hegemony.
The CCP, which had just formed a country, also needed the help of the Soviet Union. The situation of everything being done is indeed needed to be restored, and the Soviet elder brother needs to be helped by the war horse and send it on his way. Therefore, it is the product of the two consensual wishes between China and the Soviet Union.
China-Soviet cooperation has started a honeymoon trip between the two countries.
has experienced wars. Although China is extremely scarce and its economy needs to be developed, it is a country with a vast territory and a large population, with a certain global influence.
As one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council , it is also the target of the US and the Soviet Union.
While the United States and the Soviet Union were busy dividing the world, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in China were also in a hot war. In order to compete for the big cake of China, the United States and the Soviet Union supported the Kuomintang and the Communist Party respectively.
Later, the Communist Party won the war and officially became a member of the Communist International, becoming one of the important core. The establishment of the North Atlantic Convention made the Soviet government feel as if it were shining, feeling unprecedented pressure, and its living space was obviously squeezed.
As the leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin, in order to gain strong support from China, also adopted a policy of comprehensively supporting China at all costs to strengthen the momentum of the Communist International and increase the capital to confront Western capitalist groups.
In addition, the Soviet Union did this to attract more third world countries to join and avoid them becoming part of the hostile group.
is still in the midst of . When the Kuomintang and the Communist Party’s civil war was in full swing, the United States had prepared a two-handed strategy. While fully supporting Chiang Kai-shek, it was also fighting the CCP’s ideas, hoping to win over the CCP.
After the CCP achieved an overwhelming victory, the United States had a glimmer of hope for the CCP and did not withdraw from China immediately. It also expressed its desire to establish friendly relations with the CCP and retain the embassy in China.
After Stalin learned about it, in order to dispel the idea of winning over the CCP, he actively advised the CCP to establish a central government as soon as possible.
The original plan for the founding of the Communist Party of China will be until after New Year's Day in 1950 at the earliest. In addition, we need to look at the situation of the National Liberation War and then determine the safe plan for the founding of the country.
However, the Soviet Union tried its best to actively propose to help the Communist Party of China establish the country, provide the necessary resources, and if the country is not established, there will be a risk of Western forces interfering.
out of multiple considerations, the CCP followed the Soviet Union's advice and advanced the date of founding to October 1st. At that time, the entire Liberation War was still in progress, especially the southwest had not yet ended the battle.
In order to help China, Stalin took the initiative to provide economic assistance to my country, personally signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty, and sent experts to help formulate the "First Five-Year Plan" and made suggestions on national construction.
In 1950, Chairman Mao personally visited Moscow, the capital of the Soviet big brother, for a friendly visit.
During this visit, the atmosphere of friendship between China and the Soviet Union was everywhere, and the two countries also reached the "Agreement on the Soviet Union's loan to the People's Republic of China."
At this meeting, Stalin promised a low-interest loan to China. China also provided some assistance to China for US$300 million, including some instruments and other commodities that China urgently needed, as well as a large number of various industrial raw materials and other materials.
1951 Korean War officially broke out. In order to effectively combat the arrogance of the United States, the Soviet Union strongly supported China and increased its aid.
In 1952, in order to express support for China, Stalin once again approved a low-interest loan of more than 8.5 million rubles.
In order to further support China's construction, the Soviet Union also supported China's help to the North Korean regime with practical actions.
After the end of the Korean War, Khrushchev insisted on helping China build with all his might despite the opposition of many leaders in the Soviet Union.
proposed the "156 Project" at that time. Among these projects, the Soviet Union invested huge manpower, material resources and financial resources to help build a large number of production factories that China urgently needed.
Stalin died in March 1953, and Khrushchev was successfully elected as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
, and Khrushchev, who has always been generous, also helped China carry out the "first five-year plan construction", including as many as 156 projects of various types that the Soviet side directly assisted.
At that time, the Khrushchev government paid out of his own pocket to help the CCP implement these projects, and a large number of experts followed the assistance projects to China from thousands of miles to help all-round industrial construction.
Within three years from 54 to 57, the Soviet side sent more than 5,000 experts to China to participate in the construction of projects.
954, in order to strengthen the cooperative relations between China and the Soviet Union and jointly strengthen the strength of the Communist International, Khrushchev, as the eldest brother, visited China in person. This visit directly approved a long-term loan of 520 million rubles, alleviating China's financial pressure. The actual value of these projects is nearly 10 billion rubles.
With the completion of the "First Five-Year Plan" supported by the Soviet Union, China's complete industrial economic system was initially built, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent take-off of the industrial economy. It also brought Sino-Soviet relations into the honeymoon period.
Conclusion
Later, China and the Soviet Union had a dispute over the treatment of Stalin and on internal affairs of the Communist International, which eventually led to changes in the relationship between the two countries.
The reason why Khrushchev is so generous is actually hiding his selfishness.
He used his aid to build a military radio station in the South China Sea.
Although his starting point seems to be quite reasonable, it is to help China resist naval harassment from Western countries such as the United States and Britain.
But his purpose is actually to establish offshore sea control in South China Sea , and to achieve the goal of controlling China by restricting the development of the Chinese navy.
In addition, Khrushchev's attitude towards Stalin was also very different from that of our country.
After all, Stalin has made indelible contributions to China's development, construction and revolutionary cause for a long time, and therefore enjoys a lofty position in China.
Multiple reasons finally led to changes in relations between the two countries, and even Zhenbao Island self-defense counterattack occurred.
The final easing of relations between the two countries was not until the collapse of the Soviet Union that Gorbachev's visit to China was fully restored.
But no matter what, Khrushchev's aid to the New China is still obvious to all, and his right and wrong, merits and demerits are also commented on by history.
